{"id":530,"date":"2025-12-27T13:09:34","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T04:09:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=530"},"modified":"2025-12-27T17:31:34","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T08:31:34","slug":"chap-02-%ea%b5%ac%ec%a1%b0%eb%b0%a9%ec%a0%95%ec%8b%9d-%eb%aa%a8%eb%8d%b8%eb%a7%81%ec%9d%98-%ec%97%ad%ec%82%ac%ec%99%80-%eb%b0%9c%ec%a0%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=530","title":{"rendered":"Chap 02. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640 \ubc1c\uc804"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubc30\uc6b0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 <strong>\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1(SEM: Structural Equation Modeling)<\/strong>\uc774 \ub3c4\ub300\uccb4 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \uc654\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc9c0\uae08\uc758 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \uadf8 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9da\uc5b4\ubcf4\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uac16\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#8220;\uc5ed\uc0ac&#8221;\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba74 \uc9c0\ub8e8\ud558\uac8c \ub290\ub084 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, SEM\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 <strong>\uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559, \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559, \uacbd\uc81c\ud559<\/strong>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud559\ubb38\uc774 &#8216;\uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \uaddc\uba85&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \ub2ec\ub824\uc640 \ub9cc\ub098\ub294 \uc544\uc8fc \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub300\uc11c\uc0ac\uc2dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ucc55\ud130\ub294 Ross L. Matsueda\uc758 &#8220;A Brief History of Structural Equation Modeling&#8221; <sup><\/sup>\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c, \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ub300\ud3ed \ubcf4\uac15\ud558\uace0 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uad50\uc721\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\uc758 \uc608\uc2dc\ub97c \uacc1\ub4e4\uc5ec \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc81c2\uc7a5. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640 \ubc1c\uc804: \uc735\ud569\uacfc \ud601\uc2e0<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc11c\ub860: SEM\uc740 \ud558\ub8e8\uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd(SEM)\uc740 \ud604\ub300 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacfc\ud559 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc778\uae30 \uc788\ub294 \ud1b5\uacc4 \uae30\ubc95 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc SEM\uc740 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud55c \ucc9c\uc7ac\uac00 \ub69d\ub531 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b8 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub09c 100\uc5ec \ub144\uac04 \uac01\uae30 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>&#8220;\uad00\ucc30\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ucc3e\uc744 \uac83\uc778\uac00?&#8221;<\/strong>\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub2f5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub41c \ubc29\ubc95\ub860\ub4e4\uc774 1970\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\ud569\ub41c \uacb0\uacfc\ubb3c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ud06c\uac8c \ub124 \uac00\uc9c0 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uae30\ucd08 \ud655\ub9bd\uae30:<\/strong> \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559, \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559, \uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc758 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801 \ubc1c\uc804<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud559\uc81c \uac04 \ud1b5\ud569\uae30:<\/strong> 1970\ub144\ub300, \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \uacbd\ub85c\ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ub9cc\ub0a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud655\uc7a5\uae30:<\/strong> \uc815\uaddc\uc131 \uac00\uc815 \uc704\ubc18\uacfc \ubc94\uc8fc\ud615 \uc790\ub8cc\uc758 \ucc98\ub9ac<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ucd5c\uc2e0 \ubc1c\uc804\uae30:<\/strong> \ubca0\uc774\uc9c0\uc548, \uae30\uacc4\ud559\uc2b5, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc778\uacfc \ucd94\ub860\uc758 \uc7ac\uc870\uba85<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. SEM\uc758 \ud559\ubb38\uc801 \ubfcc\ub9ac (Foundations)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>SEM\uc758 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub294 \ub180\ub78d\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc720\uc804\ud559(\uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5b4 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559, \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559, \uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc73c\ub85c \ubed7\uc5b4\ub098\uac14\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1. \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559 \ubc0f \uc720\uc804\ud559: Sewall Wright\uc758 \uacbd\ub85c\ubd84\uc11d (Path Analysis)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1918\ub144, \uc80a\uc740 \uc720\uc804\ud559\uc790 <strong>Sewall Wright<\/strong>\ub294 \uae30\ub2c8\ud53c\uadf8\uc758 \ubf08 \ud06c\uae30\uc640 \ud138 \uc0c9\uae54 \uc720\uc804\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4(Correlation)\ub97c \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubd80\uc871\ud568\uc744 \ub290\uaf08\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \ub450 \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc54c\ub824\uc8fc\uc9c0\ub9cc, &#8220;\ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774\uace0 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uacb0\uacfc\uc778\uac00?&#8221;\ub294 \ub9d0\ud574\uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc8e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub798\uc11c Wright\ub294 <strong>\uacbd\ub85c\ubd84\uc11d(Path Analysis)<\/strong>\uc744 \ucc3d\uc548\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ubcc0\uc218\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud654\uc0b4\ud45c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud55c <strong>\uacbd\ub85c\ub3c4(Path Diagram)<\/strong>\ub97c \uadf8\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-534\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig2-1.jpg 800w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig2-1-300x240.jpg 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig2-1-768x614.jpg 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig2-1-624x499.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Note. From Handbook of structural equation modeling (p. 18), by R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), 2023, Guilford Press. Copyright 2023 by Guilford Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uad50\uc721\ud559\uc801 \uc608\uc2dc:<\/strong> \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc774 &#8216;\ubd80\ubaa8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0(X)&#8217;\uc774 &#8216;\ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc131\uc801(Y)&#8217;\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubcf8\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. Wright\uc758 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218 <math data-latex=\"r\"><semantics><mi>r<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">r<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc778\uacfc\uc801 \uac00\uc815\uc744 \ub2f4\uc740 \uacbd\ub85c \uacc4\uc218(path coefficient)\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub824\uace0 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud55c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Wright\ub294 \uc774 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc5f0\ub9bd\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \uccb4\uacc4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc720\uc804(Heredity)\uacfc \ud658\uacbd(Environment)\uc774 \uae30\ub2c8\ud53c\uadf8\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubd84\ud574\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud1b5\uacc4\ud559\uacc4\uc758 \uc8fc\ub958\uc600\ub358 \ud53c\uc5b4\uc2a8(Pearson) \ud559\ud30c\uc640 \ud53c\uc154(Fisher) \ud559\ud30c\ub294 Wright\uc758 \uc544\uc774\ub514\uc5b4\ub97c \uc678\uba74\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#8220;\uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uacfc\ub97c \ucc3e\uc73c\ub824 \ud55c\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ub9d0\uc774\uc8e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2. \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559: \uc778\uacfc \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ub3c4\uc785<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 &#8220;\ube48\uace4\uc774 \ubc94\uc8c4\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5&#8221;\uc744 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uac15\uc81c\ub85c \ube48\uace4\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ube44\uc2e4\ud5d8 \ub370\uc774\ud130(\uad00\ucc30 \ub370\uc774\ud130)\ub85c \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ucd94\ub860\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc808\uc2e4\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Blalock\uacfc Duncan:<\/strong> 1960\ub144\ub300 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc790 Blalock\uacfc Duncan\uc740 Wright\uc758 \uacbd\ub85c\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc838\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc9c0\uc704 \ud68d\ub4dd \ubaa8\ub378 (Status Attainment Model):<\/strong> Blau\uc640 Duncan(1967)\uc740 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc758 \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc774 \uc544\ub4e4\uc758 \uad50\uc721 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uc544\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uacbd\ub85c \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uad50\uc721\uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \ud754\ud788 \ubcf4\ub294 &#8220;\uac00\uc815\ubc30\uacbd <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>  \ud559\uc5c5\uc131\ucde8 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc131\ucde8&#8221; \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc2dc\ucd08\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3. \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559: \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d (Factor Analysis)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559\uc758 \uad00\uc2ec\uc740 \uc870\uae08 \ub2ec\ub790\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 &#8220;\uc9c0\ub2a5(Intelligence)&#8221;\uc774\ub098 &#8220;\ucc3d\uc758\uc131&#8221;\ucc98\ub7fc \ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 <strong>\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218(Latent Variable)<\/strong>\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Spearman\uc758 g\uc694\uc778:<\/strong> Spearman(1904)\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacfc\ubaa9\uc758 \uc131\uc801(\uc218\ud559, \uc5b8\uc5b4, \ub17c\ub9ac \ub4f1)\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \uc0c1\uad00\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0, \uc774\ub4e4 \ub4a4\uc5d0 \uacf5\ud1b5\ub41c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc778 <strong>\uc77c\ubc18 \uc9c0\ub2a5(g factor)<\/strong>\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uad50\uc721\ud559\uc801 \uc801\uc6a9:<\/strong> \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 &#8220;\uc218\ub9ac\ub825&#8221;\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uc758 \uc218\ud559 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud480\uac8c \ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \uc810\uc218\ub4e4\uc758 \uacf5\ud1b5\ub41c \ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \ubf51\uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uce21\uc815 \uc624\ucc28(measurement error)\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ucd94\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4. \uacbd\uc81c\ud559: \uc5f0\ub9bd\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378 (Simultaneous Equation Models)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc218\uc694\uc640 \uacf5\uae09\ucc98\ub7fc \uc11c\ub85c\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 <strong>\uc591\ubc29\ud5a5 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4(Reciprocal relationship)<\/strong>\ub97c \uace0\ubbfc\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\uaca9\uc774 \uc624\ub974\uba74 \uc218\uc694\uac00 \uc904\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc218\uc694\uac00 \ub298\uc5b4\ub098\uba74 \uac00\uaca9\uc774 \uc624\ub974\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Haavelmo\uc640 Cowles \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c:<\/strong> \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5f0\ub9bd\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubcc0\uc218\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uacb0\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \ucd94\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud6d7\ub0a0 SEM\uc5d0\uc11c \uc591\ubc29\ud5a5 \ud654\uc0b4\ud45c(\ube44\uc7ac\uadc0 \ubaa8\ud615)\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \ud1a0\ub300\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \ud559\uc81c \uac04 \ub300\ud1b5\ud569 (Integration): \ud604\ub300 SEM\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1970\ub144\ub300\ub294 SEM\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uae38\uc744 \uac77\ub358 <strong>\uacbd\ub85c\ubd84\uc11d(\uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\/\uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559), \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d(\uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559), \uc5f0\ub9bd\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd(\uacbd\uc81c\ud559)<\/strong>\uc774 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ud569\uccd0\uc84c\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1. J\u00f6reskog\uc640 LISREL<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ud1b5\ud569\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc758 \ud1b5\uacc4\ud559\uc790 <strong>Karl J\u00f6reskog<\/strong>\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 1970\ub144, <strong>LISREL (Linear Structural RELations)<\/strong>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uacfc \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud601\uc2e0:<\/strong> J\u00f6reskog\ub294 &#8220;\uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378(\uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d)&#8221;\uacfc &#8220;\uad6c\uc870 \ubaa8\ub378(\uacbd\ub85c\ubd84\uc11d)&#8221;\uc744 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc218\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\ud569\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378:<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"x = \\Lambda \\xi + \\delta\"><semantics><mrow><mi>x<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u039b<\/mi><\/mrow><mi>\u03be<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x = \\Lambda \\xi + \\delta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> (\uad00\uce21\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294\uac00?)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uad6c\uc870 \ubaa8\ub378:<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"\\eta = B\\eta + \\Gamma\\xi + \\zeta\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mi>B<\/mi><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u0393<\/mi><\/mrow><mi>\u03be<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mi>\u03b6<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta = B\\eta + \\Gamma\\xi + \\zeta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> (\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\ub294\uac00?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774\ub85c\uc368 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 <strong>&#8220;\uce21\uc815 \uc624\ucc28\ub97c \ud1b5\uc81c\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4&#8221;<\/strong>\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc4f0\ub294 SEM\uc758 \ud45c\uc900\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2. Hauser\uc640 Goldberger\uc758 \ud1b5\ucc30<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hauser\uc640 Goldberger(1971)\ub294 \uad00\uce21\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ubcc0\uc218(Unobservables)\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc815\uad50\ud654\ud558\uba70, \ucd5c\ub300\uc6b0\ub3c4\ubc95(ML)\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ucd94\uc815\uce58\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc99d\uba85\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 &#8220;Walking Dog Model&#8221;(\uac1c \uc0b0\ucc45 \ubaa8\ub378)\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc911 \uc9c0\ud45c \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"537\" height=\"385\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig2-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-531\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig2-2.png 537w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig2-2-300x215.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Note. From Handbook of structural equation modeling (p. 23), by R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), 2023, Guilford Press. Copyright 2023 by Guilford Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. [\uc2e4\uc2b5 \ubc0f \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158] \uad50\uc721\ud559\uc801 \uc608\uc2dc: \ud1b5\ud569\ub41c SEM\uc758 \uc704\ub825<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ub860\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc640\ub2ff\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1970\ub144\ub300 \ud1b5\ud569\uc758 \uc758\uc758\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uae30 \uc704\ud574, \uad50\uc721\ud559\uc801 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \uac00\uc815\ud55c \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud574\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624:<\/strong> &#8220;\uac00\uc815\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubc30\uacbd(SES)&#8221;\uc774 &#8220;\ud559\uad50 \uc801\uc751(School Adjustment)&#8221;\uc744 \ub9e4\uac1c\ub85c &#8220;\ud559\uc5c5 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4(Achievement)&#8221;\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \uc2f6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uacbd\ub85c\ubd84\uc11d:<\/strong> SES, \uc801\uc751, \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4\ub97c \uac01\uac01 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc810\uc218(\uad00\uce21\ubcc0\uc218)\ub85c\ub9cc \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce21\uc815 \uc624\ucc28\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud1b5\ud569\ub41c SEM:<\/strong> SES, \uc801\uc751, \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4\ub97c \uac01\uac01 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubb38\ud56d\uc73c\ub85c \uce21\uc815\ud55c <strong>\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218<\/strong>\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uce21\uc815 \uc624\ucc28\ub97c \uc81c\uac70\ud558\uace0 \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc544\ub798\ub294 <strong>R<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc774 \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \ucf54\ub4dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. (jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <code>SEMLj<\/code> \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc744 \uc124\uce58\ud558\uc5ec \uc544\ub798\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ub85c\ub4dc\nif(!require(lavaan)) install.packages(\"lavaan\")\nlibrary(lavaan)\n\n# 1. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (Backstory: N=500\uba85\uc758 \uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd \ub370\uc774\ud130)\n# SES: \ubd80\ubaa8\uc18c\ub4dd(inc), \ubd80\ubaa8\ud559\ub825(edu)\n# School_Adj(\ud559\uad50\uc801\uc751): \uad50\uc0ac\uad00\uacc4(rel_t), \uad50\uc6b0\uad00\uacc4(rel_f), \ud559\uad50\ud765\ubbf8(intr)\n# Ach(\uc131\ucde8\ub3c4): \uc911\uac04\uace0\uc0ac(mid), \uae30\ub9d0\uace0\uc0ac(fin), \ubaa8\uc758\uace0\uc0ac(mock)\n\nset.seed(1234)\nN &lt;- 500\n\n# \uad6c\uc870 \ubaa8\ub378 (Latent Regression)\n# SES -&gt; Adj (0.4), SES -&gt; Ach (0.3), Adj -&gt; Ach (0.5)\nSES &lt;- rnorm(N)\nAdj &lt;- 0.4*SES + rnorm(N, 0, 0.8) # \uc624\ucc28\ud56d \ud3ec\ud568\nAch &lt;- 0.3*SES + 0.5*Adj + rnorm(N, 0, 0.7)\n\n# \uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378 (Measurement Model)\n# \uac01 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uad00\uce21\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ninc &lt;- 1.0*SES + rnorm(N, 0, 0.5)\nedu &lt;- 0.8*SES + rnorm(N, 0, 0.5)\n\nrel_t &lt;- 1.0*Adj + rnorm(N, 0, 0.6)\nrel_f &lt;- 0.9*Adj + rnorm(N, 0, 0.6)\nintr  &lt;- 0.8*Adj + rnorm(N, 0, 0.6)\n\nmid &lt;- 1.0*Ach + rnorm(N, 0, 0.4)\nfin &lt;- 1.1*Ach + rnorm(N, 0, 0.4)\nmock &lt;- 0.9*Ach + rnorm(N, 0, 0.4)\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130\ud504\ub808\uc784 \uc0dd\uc131\nData &lt;- data.frame(inc, edu, rel_t, rel_f, intr, mid, fin, mock)\n\n# 2. SEM \ubaa8\ub378 \uba85\uc138 (Lavaan Syntax)\nmodel &lt;- '\n  # \uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378 (Measurement Model)\n  SES =~ inc + edu\n  Adjustment =~ rel_t + rel_f + intr\n  Achievement =~ mid + fin + mock\n  \n  # \uad6c\uc870 \ubaa8\ub378 (Structural Model)\n  Achievement ~ Adjustment + SES\n  Adjustment ~ SES\n'\n\n# 3. \ubaa8\ub378 \uc801\ud569\nfit &lt;- sem(model, data=Data)\n\n# 4. \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\nsummary(fit, standardized=TRUE, fit.measures=TRUE)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc0dd\uc131\ub41c \uc608\uc81c \ud30c\uc77c:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/chap02.csv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">chap02<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud574\uc124:<\/strong> \uc704 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uba74, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uad00\uce21\uac12\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0\uc744 \ub0b4\uc5b4 \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud55c \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc815\uad50\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce21\uc815 \uc624\ucc28(Measurement Error, <math data-latex=\"\\epsilon\"><semantics><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\epsilon<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uac00 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub418\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c J\u00f6reskog\uac00 \uc774\ub8e9\ud55c \ud601\uc2e0\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \ubc29\ubc95\ub860\uc801 \ud655\uc7a5: \ud604\uc2e4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1980\ub144\ub300 \uc774\ud6c4, \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 SEM\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uac00\uc815(\ub2e4\ubcc0\ub7c9 \uc815\uaddc\uc131 \ub4f1)\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc798 \uc9c0\ucf1c\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \ube44\ud310\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1. \uc815\uaddc\uc131 \uac00\uc815 \uc704\ubc18\uc758 \ud574\uacb0 (Browne\uc758 \uae30\uc5ec)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uad50\uc721 \ub370\uc774\ud130(\uc608: \uc124\ubb38\uc870\uc0ac 5\uc810 \ucc99\ub3c4)\ub294 \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ADF (Asymptotically Distribution-Free) \ucd94\uc815:<\/strong> Browne(1984)\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544\ub3c4 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ucd94\uc815\uce58\ub97c \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 ADF \ucd94\uc815\ubc95\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud070 \ud45c\ubcf8\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub2e8\uc810\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4, \uc774\ud6c4 Satorra-Bentler\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc218\uc815\ub41c \ud1b5\uacc4\ub7c9\ub4e4\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uc5b4 \ub110\ub9ac \uc4f0\uc774\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2. \ubc94\uc8fc\ud615 \uc790\ub8cc\uc640 \uc11c\uc5f4 \ucc99\ub3c4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc124\ubb38\uc870\uc0ac\uc758 &#8220;\ub9e4\uc6b0 \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4 ~ \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud788 \ub9d0\ud558\uba74 \uc5f0\uc18d\ud615 \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc11c\uc5f4(Ordinal) \ubcc0\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Muth\u00e9n\uc758 \uae30\uc5ec:<\/strong> Muth\u00e9n(1984)\uc740 \ubc94\uc8fc\ud615 \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \ub54c <strong>\ub2e4\ub958 \uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218(Polychoric correlation)<\/strong>\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ucd94\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \uc644\uc131\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub9ac\ucee4\ud2b8 \ucc99\ub3c4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub3c4 SEM\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5c4\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \ucd5c\uc2e0 \ud750\ub984: SEM\uc758 \ud604\uc7ac\uc640 \ubbf8\ub798 (Recent Advances)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c SEM\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc778\uacfc\ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \ub09c\uc81c\ub4e4\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \uc885\ud569 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud654\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1. \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc131\uc7a5\ubaa8\ud615 (Latent Growth Models)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc131\uc801\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcc0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. SEM\uc740 \uc774\uc81c \ud6a1\ub2e8\uc801 \ubd84\uc11d\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc885\ub2e8\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>LGM:<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \ucd08\uae30 \uc131\uc801(Intercept)\uacfc \uc131\uc7a5 \uc18d\ub3c4(Slope)\ub97c \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec, &#8220;\ub204\uac00 \ub354 \ube68\ub9ac \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\ub294\uac00?&#8221;, &#8220;\ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc131\uc7a5\uc744 \ucd09\uc9c4\ud558\ub294\uac00?&#8221;\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc7a0\uc7ac\uacc4\uce35 \uc131\uc7a5\ubaa8\ud615 (LCGA):<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \ub611\uac19\uc740 \ud328\ud134\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc740 \uc131\uc801\uc774 \uae09\uc0c1\uc2b9\ud558\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc740 \uc815\uccb4\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Nagin\uacfc Muth\u00e9n\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ud558\uc704 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615(Mixture Model)\uc744 SEM\uc5d0 \uacb0\ud569\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2. \ubca0\uc774\uc9c0\uc548 \uc811\uadfc (Bayesian Approaches)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ube48\ub3c4\uc8fc\uc758(Frequentist) \ud1b5\uacc4\ub294 p-value\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0ac\uc804 \uc815\ubcf4(Prior)\ub97c \uacb0\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \ucd94\uc815\uc758 \uc815\ud655\uc131\uc744 \ub192\uc774\ub294 \ubca0\uc774\uc9c0\uc548 SEM\uc774 \ud655\uc0b0\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MCMC:<\/strong> \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130 \ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ucd94\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c, \uae30\uc874 ML \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud480\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6e0\ub358 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\ub3c4 \ucd94\uc815 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.3. \uc778\uacfc \ucd94\ub860\uc758 \uc7ac\ubc1c\uacac (Causality)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4&#8221;\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 \ud1b5\uacc4\ud559\uc758 \ucca0\uce59\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc Pearl, Rubin \ub4f1\uc740 &#8220;\uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \uc5b8\uc81c \uc778\uacfc\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00?&#8221;\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc218\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2f5\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubc18\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc801 \uc811\uadfc (Counterfactuals):<\/strong> &#8220;\ub9cc\uc57d \uc774 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad50\uc218\ubc95\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4\uba74 \uc5b4\ub560\uc744\uae4c?&#8221;\ub77c\ub294 \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801 \uacb0\uacfc(Potential Outcomes) \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\uac00 SEM\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc785\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pearl\uc758 \uadf8\ub798\ud504 \ubaa8\ud615:<\/strong> \ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \uc778\uacfc \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uace0, <strong>d-separation<\/strong>\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uaddc\uce59\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ud1b5\uc81c\ud574\uc57c \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc778\uacfc\ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.4. \uae30\uacc4\ud559\uc2b5\uacfc SEM (Machine Learning)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 \uae30\uacc4\ud559\uc2b5(Machine Learning)\uc774 SEM\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SEM Trees:<\/strong> \uc758\uc0ac\uacb0\uc815\ub098\ubb34(Decision Tree) \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec, \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uacbd\ub85c \uacc4\uc218\uac00 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc9d1\ub2e8(\uc608: \uc131\ubcc4, \uc18c\ub4dd\uc218\uc900 \ub4f1)\uc744 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ud0d0\uc0c9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TETRAD:<\/strong> \uc778\uacf5\uc9c0\ub2a5 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uacfc \uad6c\uc870\ub97c &#8220;\ubc1c\uacac&#8221;\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1(SEM)\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ud1b5\uacc4 \ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 <strong>\uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc758 \uc720\uc804 \ubc95\uce59, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc758 \uc778\uacfc \ucd94\ub860, \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801 \uad6c\uc131 \uac1c\ub150, \uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc758 \uc0c1\ud638\uc758\uc874\uc131<\/strong>\uc774 \ub9cc\ub098 \ube5a\uc5b4\ub0b8 \uc9c0\uc801 \uc735\ud569\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\uccb4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc740 \uc774\uc81c \uc774 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\ub97c \uc190\uc5d0 \uc950\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc218\uc2dd\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, &#8220;<strong>\ub0b4 \uc5f0\uad6c \uac00\uc124\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uac83\uc778\uac00?<\/strong>&#8220;\ub77c\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \ud1b5\ucc30\ub825\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. SEM\uc740 \uadf8 \ud1b5\ucc30\ub825\uc744 \uac80\uc99d\ud574 \uc8fc\ub294 \ub4e0\ub4e0\ud55c \ud30c\ud2b8\ub108\uac00 \ub420 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc (References)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bollen, K. A. (1989). <em>Structural equations with latent variables<\/em>. New York: Wiley.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Browne, M. W. (1984). Asymptotically distribution-free methods for the analysis of covariance structures. <em>British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 37<\/em>, 62-83. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duncan, O. D. (1966). Path analysis: Sociological examples. <em>American Journal of Sociology, 72<\/em>, 1-16. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hauser, R. M., &amp; Goldberger, A. S. (1971). The treatment of unobservable variables in path analysis. In H. L. Costner (Ed.), <em>Sociological methodology 1971<\/em> (pp. 81-87). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J\u00f6reskog, K. G. (1970). A general method for analysis of covariance structures. <em>Biometrika, 57<\/em>, 239-251. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Matsueda, R. L. (2012). A Brief History of Structural Equation Modeling. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), <em>Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling<\/em> (pp. 17-48). Guilford Press. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muth\u00e9n, B. (1984). A general structural equation model with dichotomous, ordered categorical, and continuous latent variable indicators. <em>Psychometrika, 49<\/em>, 115-132. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pearl, J. (2000). <em>Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference<\/em>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spearman, C. (1904). General intelligence, objectively determined and measured. <em>American Journal of Psychology, 15<\/em>, 201-293. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wright, S. (1921). Correlation and causation. <em>Journal of Agricultural Research, 20<\/em>, 557-585. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84. \uc624\ub298\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubc30\uc6b0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1(SEM: Structural Equation Modeling)\uc774 \ub3c4\ub300\uccb4 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \uc654\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc9c0\uae08\uc758 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \uadf8 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9da\uc5b4\ubcf4\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uac16\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#8220;\uc5ed\uc0ac&#8221;\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba74 \uc9c0\ub8e8\ud558\uac8c \ub290\ub084 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, SEM\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559, \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559, \uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud559\ubb38\uc774 &#8216;\uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \uaddc\uba85&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \ub2ec\ub824\uc640 \ub9cc\ub098\ub294 \uc544\uc8fc \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub300\uc11c\uc0ac\uc2dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucc55\ud130\ub294 Ross L. Matsueda\uc758 &#8220;A <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=530\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[300],"tags":[166,301,302],"class_list":["post-530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sem","tag-sem","tag-301","tag-302"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chap 02. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640 \ubc1c\uc804 - WaurimaL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=530\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chap 02. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640 \ubc1c\uc804 - WaurimaL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84. \uc624\ub298\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubc30\uc6b0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1(SEM: Structural Equation Modeling)\uc774 \ub3c4\ub300\uccb4 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \uc654\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc9c0\uae08\uc758 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \uadf8 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9da\uc5b4\ubcf4\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uac16\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#8220;\uc5ed\uc0ac&#8221;\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba74 \uc9c0\ub8e8\ud558\uac8c \ub290\ub084 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, SEM\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559, \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559, \uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud559\ubb38\uc774 &#8216;\uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \uaddc\uba85&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \ub2ec\ub824\uc640 \ub9cc\ub098\ub294 \uc544\uc8fc \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub300\uc11c\uc0ac\uc2dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucc55\ud130\ub294 Ross L. 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