{"id":545,"date":"2025-12-27T23:33:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T14:33:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=545"},"modified":"2025-12-27T23:33:37","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T14:33:37","slug":"chap-04-%ea%b5%ac%ec%a1%b0%eb%b0%a9%ec%a0%95%ec%8b%9d-%eb%aa%a8%eb%8d%b8%eb%a7%81%ec%9d%84-%ec%9c%84%ed%95%9c-%ec%8b%9c%ea%b0%81%ed%99%94-expanded","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=545","title":{"rendered":"Chap 04. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc2dc\uac01\ud654 (Expanded)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 SEM \ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \uc5ec\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c &#8216;\uc9c0\ub3c4&#8217;\uc640 &#8216;\ub098\uce68\ubc18&#8217; \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294 <strong>\uc2dc\uac01\ud654(Visualizations)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub904\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\uc740 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc218\uce58\ub9cc \ubd10\uc11c\ub294 \uae38\uc744 \uc783\uae30 \uc2ed\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \uc124\uba85\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc2e4\uc81c \uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uac00\uc815\ud55c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub3d5\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298 \ub2e4\ub8f0 \ud575\uc2ec \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 <strong>1) \ubaa8\ub378 \uba85\uc138(\uc124\uacc4\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30), 2) \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud0d0\uc0c9(\uc7ac\ub8cc \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30), 3) \uacb0\uacfc \uc81c\uc2dc(\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ud154\ub9c1)<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc11c\ub860: \uc65c \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uc778\uac00?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2dc\uac01\ud654\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc608\uc058\uac8c \ud3ec\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc811\uadfc\ud558\uae30 \uc27d\uace0 \uac04\uacb0\ud558\uac8c \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud1b5\uacc4 \uadf8\ub798\ud53d\uc740 \ub2e4\ubcc0\ub7c9 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud0d0\uc0c9\ud558\uace0, \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uba70, \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 SEM\uc740 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc131(\ud654\uc0b4\ud45c) \ubc0f \ube44\ubc29\ud5a5\uc131(\uc0c1\uad00) \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub798\ud53d\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uace0 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \ubaa8\ub378 \uba85\uc138 (Model Specification): \uc124\uacc4\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubaa8\ub378 \uba85\uc138\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uac00\uc124\uc744 \uc218\ud559\uc801 \ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\uc774\ub098 <strong>\uacbd\ub85c\ub3c4(Path Diagram)<\/strong>\ub85c \uacf5\uc2dd\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. LISREL \ud589\ub82c \ud45c\uae30\ubc95\uacfc \uacbd\ub85c\ub3c4\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \ub3d9\ud615(isomorphism), \uc989 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc77c\uce58\ud558\ub294 \uad00\uacc4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \uae30\ubcf8 \uae30\ud638\uc640 \uc57d\uc18d (Syntax)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad50\uc721\ud559 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud754\ud788 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub3c4\ud615\ub4e4\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud569\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc9c1\uc0ac\uac01\ud615 (<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\square\"><semantics><mi>\u25a1<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\square<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong> \uad00\uce21\ubcc0\uc218(Manifest Variable, MV). \uc2e4\uc81c \uc124\ubb38\uc9c0 \ubb38\ud56d \uc810\uc218\ub098 \uc2dc\ud5d8 \uc810\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc608: \uad6d\uc5b4 \uc131\uc801, &#8216;\uc218\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub9cc\uc871\ud55c\ub2e4&#8217;\ub294 \uc751\ub2f5).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc6d0\/\ud0c0\uc6d0 (<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\bigcirc\"><semantics><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u25ef<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\bigcirc<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong> \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218(Latent Variable, LV). \uc9c1\uc811 \uce21\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\ub098 \uad00\uce21\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ucd94\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc608: \ud559\uc5c5\uc801 \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10, \uad50\uc0ac \uc560\ucc29).  \uc624\ucc28\ud56d(Error term)\ub3c4 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uc77c\uc885\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud654\uc0b4\ud45c (<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong> \ubc29\ud5a5\uc131 \uad00\uacc4(Directional relationship). \ud68c\uadc0\uacc4\uc218\uc640 \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#8220;A\uac00 B\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce5c\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \ub73b\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc591\ubc29\ud5a5 \ud654\uc0b4\ud45c (<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\leftrightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2194<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\leftrightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong> \ube44\ubc29\ud5a5\uc131 \uad00\uacc4(Nondirectional relationship). \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0\uc774\ub098 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \uc2dd\ubcc4(Identification): \ucc99\ub3c4 \uc124\uc815\ud558\uae30<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc\ud558\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc774\ub77c \ucc99\ub3c4(\ub2e8\uc704)\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub2e8\uc704\ub97c \uac15\uc81c\ub85c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud574\uc57c(Scale setting) \ucd94\uc815\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud574\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ubc29\ubc95 1: \ub2e8\uc704 \uc801\uc7ac\uce58 \uace0\uc815 (Marker Variable)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uac00\uc7a5 \ud754\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uac00\ub294 \ud654\uc0b4\ud45c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub97c &#8216;1.0&#8217;\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uad50\uc721 \uc608\uc2dc:<\/strong> &#8216;\ud559\uc5c5 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4&#8217;\ub77c\ub294 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c, &#8216;\ub098\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8 \ub54c \uae34\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4&#8217;\ub77c\ub294 1\ubc88 \ubb38\ud56d\uc758 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c 1\ub85c \uace0\uc815\ud558\uba74, \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \uc774 \ubb38\ud56d\uc758 5\uc810 \ucc99\ub3c4 \ub2e8\uc704\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ubc29\ubc95 2: \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 \ubd84\uc0b0 \uace0\uc815 (Standardization)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 &#8216;1.0&#8217;\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \ud45c\uc900\uc810\uc218(Z-score)\uc640 \uac19\uc544\uc9c0\uba70, \ud574\uc11d \uc2dc &#8220;\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 1 \ud45c\uc900\ud3b8\ucc28 \uc99d\uac00\ud560 \ub54c&#8230;&#8221;\ub77c\uace0 \ud574\uc11d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \uad50\uc721\ud559 \uc608\uc81c \ubaa8\ub378: &#8220;\uc790\uae30\uc870\uc808\ud559\uc2b5\uc774 \ud559\uc5c5\uc131\ucde8\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc678\uc0dd\ubcc0\uc218(\uc6d0\uc778):<\/strong> \ubd80\ubaa8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0 (Parental Support)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub0b4\uc0dd\ubcc0\uc218(\ub9e4\uac1c\/\uacb0\uacfc):<\/strong> \uc790\uae30\uc870\uc808\ud559\uc2b5 (Self-Regulated Learning), \ud559\uc5c5\uc131\ucde8 (Achievement)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uac00\uc124:<\/strong> \ubd80\ubaa8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc740 \uc790\uae30\uc870\uc808\ud559\uc2b5\uc744 \ub192\uc774\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud559\uc5c5\uc131\ucde8\ub97c \ub192\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud0d0\uc0c9 (Modeling the Data): \uc7ac\ub8cc \ub9db\ubcf4\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ub3cc\ub9ac\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc2dc\uac01\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uc218\uce58\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud0d0\uc0c9\ud558\ub294 &#8216;\ud0d0\uc815 \ub180\uc774(Sleuthing)&#8217;\uac00 \ud544\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. SEM\uc740 \ub2e4\ubcc0\ub7c9 \ubd84\uc11d\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uac1c\ubcc4 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ubd84\ud3ec\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4(\ud589\ub82c \ud50c\ub86f)\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \ubd10\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (Storytelling)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub3d5\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 1\ud559\ub144 \ud559\uc0dd 200\uba85\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>[\uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624: S\uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50\uc758 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc \uc5f0\uad6c]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 <strong>&#8216;\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc(DL)&#8217;<\/strong>\uac00 <strong>&#8216;\uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ud559\uc2b5 \ubab0\uc785(Eng)&#8217;<\/strong>\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 <strong>&#8216;\ud559\uc5c5 \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4(Sat)&#8217;<\/strong>\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294\uc9c0 \uc54c\uace0 \uc2f6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uce21\uc815 \ub3c4\uad6c:<\/strong> \uac01 \uc694\uc778\ub2f9 3\ubb38\ud56d (5\uc810 \ub9ac\ucee4\ud2b8 \ucc99\ub3c4).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud2b9\uc774\uc0ac\ud56d:<\/strong> DL\uc758 3\ubc88 \ubb38\ud56d\uc740 \uc5ed\ucc44\uc810 \ubb38\ud56d\uc77c \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4 \ubd84\ud3ec \ud655\uc778\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud568.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uae30 \uc804, <strong>\ud589\ub82c \ud50c\ub86f(Matrix Plot)<\/strong>\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc815\uaddc\uc131:<\/strong> \ub9ac\ucee4\ud2b8 \ucc99\ub3c4\ub77c \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc2ec\ud558\uac8c \ucc0c\uadf8\ub7ec\uc838(Skewed) \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4:<\/strong> \uac19\uc740 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \ubb36\uc778 \ubb38\ud56d\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac \uc0c1\uad00\uc774 \ub192\uc740\uc9c0(<math data-latex=\"r &gt; .40\"><semantics><mrow><mi>r<\/mi><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mn>.40<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">r &gt; .40<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud2b9\uc774\uc810:<\/strong> \uc0b0\uc810\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud280\ub294 \uac12\uc774\ub098 \ube44\uc120\ud615 \ud328\ud134\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 jamovi &amp; R\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uc2dc\uac01\ud654 \uad6c\ud604<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi\ub294 GUI \uae30\ubc18\uc774\ub77c \ud3b8\ub9ac\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uad50\uc7ac\uc758 [Figure 4.3]\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc815\uad50\ud55c \ud589\ub82c \ud50c\ub86f\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\ub824\uba74 jamovi \ub0b4\uc758 <code>Rj<\/code> \ubaa8\ub4c8(R \ucf54\ub4dc \uc2e4\ud589\uae30)\uc744 \uc4f0\uac70\ub098 R\uc744 \uc368\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 <code>psych<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc18c\uac1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"506\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-3-1024x506.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-546\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-3-1024x506.png 1024w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-3-300x148.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-3-768x379.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-3-1536x758.png 1536w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-3-2048x1011.png 2048w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-3-624x308.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Note. From Handbook of structural equation modeling (p. 87), by R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), 2023, Guilford Press. Copyright 2023 by Guilford Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># R \ucf54\ub4dc (jamovi Rj \uc5d0\ub514\ud130\uc5d0 \ubd99\uc5ec\ub123\uae30 \uac00\ub2a5)\n# \uac00\uc0c1 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \ubc0f \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\n\nset.seed(123)\nlibrary(psych)\nlibrary(MASS)\n\n# 1. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (N=200)\n# \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 \uac04 \uc0c1\uad00\ud589\ub82c \uc815\uc758 (DL -&gt; Eng -&gt; Sat)\nSigma &lt;- matrix(c(1.0, 0.5, 0.4,\n                  0.5, 1.0, 0.6,\n                  0.4, 0.6, 1.0), 3, 3)\nlatents &lt;- mvrnorm(n = 200, mu = c(0,0,0), Sigma = Sigma)\n\n# \uad00\uce21\ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (\uac01 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub2f9 3\ubb38\ud56d, \uc694\uc778\ubd80\ud558\ub7c9 0.7~0.8 \uac00\uc815 + \uc624\ucc28)\ncreate_item &lt;- function(latent, loading) {\n  item &lt;- loading * latent + sqrt(1 - loading^2) * rnorm(200)\n  item &lt;- round(item * 1 + 3) # 5\uc810 \ucc99\ub3c4\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658 (\ud3c9\uade0 3)\n  item &lt;- pmax(1, pmin(5, item)) # 1~5\uc810 \ubc94\uc704 \uc81c\ud55c\n  return(item)\n}\n\nData &lt;- data.frame(\n  DL1 = create_item(latents&#91;,1], 0.8),\n  DL2 = create_item(latents&#91;,1], 0.75),\n  DL3 = create_item(latents&#91;,1], 0.7),\n  Eng1 = create_item(latents&#91;,2], 0.8),\n  Eng2 = create_item(latents&#91;,2], 0.85),\n  Eng3 = create_item(latents&#91;,2], 0.75),\n  Sat1 = create_item(latents&#91;,3], 0.8),\n  Sat2 = create_item(latents&#91;,3], 0.8),\n  Sat3 = create_item(latents&#91;,3], 0.7)\n)\n\n# 2. \ud589\ub82c \ud50c\ub86f (Exploratory Graphic)\n# \uad50\uc7ac &#91;Figure 4.3]\uacfc \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc: \ub300\uac01\uc120(\ud788\uc2a4\ud1a0\uadf8\ub7a8), \ud558\ub2e8(\uc0b0\uc810\ub3c4), \uc0c1\ub2e8(\uc0c1\uad00)\npairs.panels(Data, \n             method = \"pearson\", # \uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218\n             hist.col = \"#00AFBB\",\n             density = TRUE,  # \ubc00\ub3c4 \uace1\uc120\n             ellipses = TRUE, # \uc0c1\uad00 \ud0c0\uc6d0\n             lm = TRUE,       # \uc120\ud615 \ud68c\uadc0\uc120\n             main = \"\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc, \ubab0\uc785, \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4 \ubb38\ud56d \uac04 \ud589\ub82c \ud50c\ub86f\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"813\" height=\"546\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-547\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-4.png 813w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-4-300x201.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-4-768x516.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-4-624x419.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 813px) 100vw, 813px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>[\ubd84\uc11d \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc704 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uc5ec \ub098\uc628 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub97c \ubcfc \ub54c, <code>DL1<\/code>, <code>DL2<\/code>, <code>DL3<\/code> \ub07c\ub9ac\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00\uc774 \ub192\ub2e4\uba74(\ud0c0\uc6d0\uc774 \uc881\uace0 \uae38\ucb49\ud568), \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc694\uc778(\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc)\uc73c\ub85c \ubb36\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub300\uac01\uc120\uc758 \ud788\uc2a4\ud1a0\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \ud55c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc3e0\ub9bc(\ucc9c\uc7a5\/\ubc14\ub2e5 \ud6a8\uacfc)\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \uacb0\uacfc \uc81c\uc2dc (Presentation of Results): \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \uc804\ub2ec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\uba74 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ub17c\ubb38\uc774\ub098 \ubc1c\ud45c \uc790\ub8cc\uc5d0 \uc2e4\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c <strong>\uacbd\ub85c\ub3c4, \ud45c, \uc810 \ub3c4\ud45c(Dot Plot)<\/strong> \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \uacbd\ub85c\ub3c4 (Path Diagrams)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc7a5\uc810:<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc218\uce58\ub97c \ud55c\ub208\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub2e8\uc810:<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud574\uc9c0\uba74 \uc815\ubcf4 \uacfc\ubd80\ud558\uac00 \uac78\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud6a8\uacfc \ud06c\uae30\ub098 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04(CI)\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub2e4 \uc801\uc73c\uba74 \ub108\ubb34 \uc9c0\uc800\ubd84\ud574\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud301:<\/strong> \uc791\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0 \ucd94\ucc9c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. jamovi\uc758 <code>SEMLj<\/code> \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc740 \ubd84\uc11d \ud6c4 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uacbd\ub85c\ub3c4\ub97c \uadf8\ub824\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \ud45c (Tables)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc7a5\uc810:<\/strong> \ub9ce\uc740 \uc815\ubcf4(\ucd94\uc815\uce58, \ud45c\uc900\uc624\ucc28, p\uac12, \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04)\ub97c \ucf64\ud329\ud2b8\ud558\uac8c \ub2f4\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub2e8\uc810:<\/strong> \uc218\uce58\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801 \ud06c\uae30\ub97c \ud55c\ub208\uc5d0 \ube44\uad50\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud301:<\/strong> APA \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ud560 \ub54c \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 \uc810 \ub3c4\ud45c (Dot Plots): \uac15\ub825 \ucd94\ucc9c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac00\uc7a5 \uac15\uc870\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uac1c\ub150:<\/strong> \ucd94\uc815\uce58(Estimate)\ub97c \uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ucc0d\uace0, 95% \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04(CI)\uc744 \uc591\uc606\uc758 \ucf67\uc218\uc5fc(Whisker)\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc7a5\uc810:<\/strong>\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ube44\uad50 \uc6a9\uc774\uc131:<\/strong> \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uacbd\ub85c \uacc4\uc218\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uac01\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc989\uc2dc \ube44\uad50 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc720\uc758\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8:<\/strong> \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04\uc774 0\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294\uc9c0(\uc218\uc5fc\uc774 0 \uc138\ub85c\uc120\uc744 \uac74\ub4dc\ub9ac\ub294\uc9c0)\ub97c \ubcf4\uace0 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uc720\uc758\uc131\uc744 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc815\ub82c(Ordering):<\/strong> \ud06c\uae30\uc21c\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub82c\ud558\uba74 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uac00 \ub354 \uba85\ud655\ud574\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">[R\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc810 \ub3c4\ud45c \uc608\uc2dc \uc0dd\uc131]<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc774 \ub17c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc4f8 \ub54c \ucc38\uace0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d, \uc704 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uac00\uc815\ud55c \uc810 \ub3c4\ud45c\ub97c \uadf8\ub824\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ub85c\ub4dc (\uc5c6\uc73c\uba74 install.packages(\"ggplot2\") \uc2e4\ud589)\nif (!require(ggplot2)) install.packages(\"ggplot2\")\nlibrary(ggplot2)\n\n# 1. SEM \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (\uac00\uc0c1 \ub370\uc774\ud130)\n# \uc2e4\uc81c \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 parameterEstimates(fit) \ub4f1\uc758 \ud568\uc218\ub85c \ucd94\ucd9c\ud55c \uac12\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\nsem_results &lt;- data.frame(\n  Type = c(rep(\"\uad6c\uc870 \uacbd\ub85c (Structural)\", 3), rep(\"\uce21\uc815 \uc694\uc778\ubd80\ud558\ub7c9 (Measurement)\", 3)),\n  Parameter = c(\"\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc -> \ubab0\uc785\", \n                \"\ubab0\uc785 -> \ud559\uc5c5 \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4\", \n                \"\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc -> \ud559\uc5c5 \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4\",\n                \"DL1 (\ubb38\ud56d1)\", \"DL2 (\ubb38\ud56d2)\", \"DL3 (\ubb38\ud56d3)\"),\n  Estimate = c(0.65, 0.55, 0.15, 0.80, 0.75, 0.70), # \ud45c\uc900\ud654 \uacc4\uc218\n  Lower_CI = c(0.50, 0.40, -0.05, 0.70, 0.65, 0.60), # 95% \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04 \ud558\ud55c\n  Upper_CI = c(0.80, 0.70, 0.35, 0.90, 0.85, 0.80)   # 95% \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04 \uc0c1\ud55c\n)\n\n# 2. \uc694\uc778 \uc21c\uc11c \uc815\ub82c (\ud06c\uae30\uc21c \uc815\ub82c\uc774 \uc2dc\uac01\uc801 \uc778\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc720\ub9ac\ud568 &#91;cite: 848])\n# Estimate \ud06c\uae30\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c Parameter \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \uc7ac\uc870\uc815\nsem_results$Parameter &lt;- reorder(sem_results$Parameter, sem_results$Estimate)\n\n# 3. \uc810 \ub3c4\ud45c(Dot Plot) \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30\nggplot(sem_results, aes(x = Estimate, y = Parameter, color = Type)) +\n  \n  # (1) 0\uc810 \uae30\uc900\uc120: \uc720\uc758\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc758 \uae30\uc900 (\uc218\uc9c1 \uc810\uc120)\n  geom_vline(xintercept = 0, linetype = \"dashed\", color = \"gray50\") +\n  \n  # (2) \uc624\ucc28 \ub9c9\ub300 (Error Bars): 95% \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04 \ud45c\ud604\n  geom_errorbarh(aes(xmin = Lower_CI, xmax = Upper_CI), \n                 height = 0.2, size = 0.8) +\n  \n  # (3) \uc810 (Points): \ucd94\uc815\uce58(\uacc4\uc218) \ud45c\ud604\n  geom_point(size = 3.5) +\n  \n  # (4) \ub514\uc790\uc778 \ud14c\ub9c8 \ubc0f \uc0c9\uc0c1 \uc124\uc815\n  scale_color_manual(values = c(\"steelblue\", \"darkorange\")) +\n  theme_classic(base_family = \"sans\") + # \uae54\ub054\ud55c \ub17c\ubb38 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\n  \n  # (5) \ub77c\ubca8 \ubc0f \ubc94\ub840 \uc124\uc815\n  labs(title = \"\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1 \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc: \ud45c\uc900\ud654 \uacc4\uc218 \ubc0f 95% \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04\",\n       subtitle = \"\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc\uac00 \ud559\uc5c5 \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5 (\ub9e4\uac1c\ud6a8\uacfc \uac80\uc99d)\",\n       x = \"\ud45c\uc900\ud654 \uacc4\uc218 (Standardized Estimate)\",\n       y = NULL, # Y\ucd95 \ub77c\ubca8 \uc81c\uac70 (\ubcc0\uc218\uba85\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c)\n       caption = \"Note. \uc624\ucc28 \ub9c9\ub300\ub294 95% \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c4. 0\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uba74 \uc720\uc758\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\") +\n  \n  theme(legend.position = \"bottom\", # \ubc94\ub840\ub97c \uc544\ub798\ub85c\n        legend.title = element_blank(), # \ubc94\ub840 \uc81c\ubaa9 \uc81c\uac70\n        plot.title = element_text(face = \"bold\", size = 14),\n        axis.text.y = element_text(color = \"black\", size = 11))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"813\" height=\"546\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-548\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-5.png 813w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-5-300x201.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-5-768x516.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig4-5-624x419.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 813px) 100vw, 813px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>[\ud574\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DL -> Eng:<\/strong> \uc810\uc774 0.65\uc5d0 \uc788\uace0, \uc218\uc5fc(CI)\uc774 0\uc744 \uc9c0\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc758\ud558\uace0 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ud07d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DL -> Sat (Direct):<\/strong> \uc810\uc774 0.15\uc5d0 \uc788\uace0, \uc218\uc5fc\uc774 0\uc744 \uac00\ub85c\uc9c0\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc\uac00 \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc9c1\uc811 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub294 \uc720\uc758\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc14\ub85c \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 <strong>\uc644\uc804 \ub9e4\uac1c(Full Mediation)<\/strong> \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uacb0\ub860 \ubc0f \uc81c\uc5b8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\ub294 \uc120\ud0dd\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \ud544\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc5f0\uad6c \uc124\uacc4 \ub2e8\uacc4:<\/strong> \uacbd\ub85c\ub3c4\ub97c \uadf8\ub824\ubcf4\uba70 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uac00\uc124\uc744 \uad6c\uccb4\ud654\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubd84\uc11d \uc804 \ub2e8\uacc4:<\/strong> \ud589\ub82c \ud50c\ub86f(Matrix Plot)\uc73c\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0c5\uc0c5\uc774 \ud0d0\uc0c9(Sleuthing)\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacb0\uacfc \ubcf4\uace0 \ub2e8\uacc4:<\/strong> \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\uc77c\uc218\ub85d <strong>\uc810 \ub3c4\ud45c(Dot Plot)<\/strong>\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud6a8\uacfc \ud06c\uae30\uc640 \uc815\ubc00\uc131(\uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04)\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub354\uc6b1 \ube5b\ub098\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc]<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cleveland, W. S. (1984). Graphical methods for data presentation: Full scale breaks, dot charts, and multibased logging. <em>The American Statistician, 38<\/em>, 270-280.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J\u00f6reskog, K. G., &amp; S\u00f6rbom, D. (2006). <em>LISREL 8.8 for Windows [Computer software manual]<\/em>. Scientific Software International.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pek, J., &amp; Flora, D. B. (2018). Reporting effect sizes in original psychological research: A discussion and tutorial. <em>Psychological Methods, 23<\/em>(2), 208-225.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pek, J., Davisson, E. K., &amp; Hoyle, R. H. (202x). Visualizations for Structural Equation Modeling. In <em>Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tukey, J. W. (1977). <em>Exploratory data analysis<\/em>. Addison-Wesley.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 SEM \ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \uc5ec\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c &#8216;\uc9c0\ub3c4&#8217;\uc640 &#8216;\ub098\uce68\ubc18&#8217; \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uac01\ud654(Visualizations)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub904\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\uc740 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc218\uce58\ub9cc \ubd10\uc11c\ub294 \uae38\uc744 \uc783\uae30 \uc2ed\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \uc124\uba85\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc2e4\uc81c \uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uac00\uc815\ud55c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub3d5\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298 \ub2e4\ub8f0 \ud575\uc2ec \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 1) \ubaa8\ub378 \uba85\uc138(\uc124\uacc4\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30), 2) \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud0d0\uc0c9(\uc7ac\ub8cc \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30), 3) \uacb0\uacfc \uc81c\uc2dc(\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ud154\ub9c1)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=545\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[300],"tags":[166,301,290],"class_list":["post-545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sem","tag-sem","tag-301","tag-290"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chap 04. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc2dc\uac01\ud654 (Expanded) - WaurimaL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=545\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chap 04. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc2dc\uac01\ud654 (Expanded) - WaurimaL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\uc624\ub298\uc740 SEM \ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \uc5ec\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c &#8216;\uc9c0\ub3c4&#8217;\uc640 &#8216;\ub098\uce68\ubc18&#8217; \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uac01\ud654(Visualizations)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub904\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\uc740 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc218\uce58\ub9cc \ubd10\uc11c\ub294 \uae38\uc744 \uc783\uae30 \uc2ed\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \uc124\uba85\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc2e4\uc81c \uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uac00\uc815\ud55c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub3d5\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298 \ub2e4\ub8f0 \ud575\uc2ec \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 1) \ubaa8\ub378 \uba85\uc138(\uc124\uacc4\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30), 2) \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud0d0\uc0c9(\uc7ac\ub8cc \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30), 3) \uacb0\uacfc \uc81c\uc2dc(\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ud154\ub9c1)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 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\uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uac01\ud654(Visualizations)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub904\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\uc740 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc218\uce58\ub9cc \ubd10\uc11c\ub294 \uae38\uc744 \uc783\uae30 \uc2ed\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \uc124\uba85\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc2e4\uc81c \uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uac00\uc815\ud55c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub3d5\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298 \ub2e4\ub8f0 \ud575\uc2ec \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 1) \ubaa8\ub378 \uba85\uc138(\uc124\uacc4\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30), 2) \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud0d0\uc0c9(\uc7ac\ub8cc \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30), 3) \uacb0\uacfc \uc81c\uc2dc(\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ud154\ub9c1)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 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