{"id":551,"date":"2025-12-27T23:55:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T14:55:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551"},"modified":"2025-12-27T23:58:11","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T14:58:11","slug":"chap-05-%ea%b5%ac%ec%a1%b0%eb%b0%a9%ec%a0%95%ec%8b%9d-%eb%aa%a8%eb%8d%b8%eb%a7%81%ec%97%90%ec%84%9c%ec%9d%98-%ec%9e%a0%ec%9e%ac%eb%b3%80%ec%88%98-latent-variables-in-sem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551","title":{"rendered":"Chap 05. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variables in SEM)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM)\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uac1c\ub150\uc778 <strong>\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218(Latent Variables)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0, \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub3d5\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc124\uba85\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84. \uc624\ub298 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacfc\ud559, \ud2b9\ud788 \uad50\uc721\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uacfc\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00? (Foundations)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1. \uac1c\ub150\uc801 \uc815\uc758: \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad50\uc721\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <strong>&#8216;\ud559\uc5c5 \ub3d9\uae30&#8217;, &#8216;\uc790\uc544\uc874\uc911\uac10&#8217;, &#8216;\uc218\ub9ac \ub2a5\ub825&#8217;<\/strong>\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc810\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc77c\uae4c\uc694? \ubc14\ub85c \uc9c1\uc811 \ub208\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218\ub3c4, \uc790\ub85c \uc7b4 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \uac1c\ub150(Constructs):<\/strong> \uc774\ub860\uc801 \ub17c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc9c1\uc811 \uad00\ucc30\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc18d\uc131\ub4e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 &#8216;\uc218\ud559 \ub2a5\ub825&#8217;\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \ub54c, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uba38\ub9bf\uc18d\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uadf8 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \ud47c &#8216;\uc2dc\ud5d8 \ubb38\uc81c(\uad00\ucc30\ubcc0\uc218)&#8217;\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ucd94\ub860\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218(Latent Variable):<\/strong> \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ubaa8\ub378 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud45c\ud604\ud55c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \ub3c5\ub9bd\ubcc0\uc218, \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218, \ub610\ub294 \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2. \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc815\uc758\uc640 &#8216;\ud45c\ubcf8 \uc2e4\ud604(Sample Realization)&#8217;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud559\uc790\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \uc870\uae08\uc529 \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud50c\ub77c\ud1a4\uc801 \uad00\uc810 (Realist View):<\/strong> \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uad00\ucc30\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud560 \ubfd0\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uad6c\uc131\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uad00\uc810:<\/strong> \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub9cc\ub4e0 &#8216;\ud5c8\uad6c\uc801 \uac1c\ub150&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucd95\uc18c \uad00\uc810:<\/strong> \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc694\uc57d\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>WaurimaL\uc758 Pick: Bollen(2002)\uc758 &#8220;\ud45c\ubcf8 \uc2e4\ud604(Sample Realization)&#8221; \uc815\uc758.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uc815\uc758\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud3ec\uad04\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \ud45c\ubcf8\uc758 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc77c\ubd80 \uad00\uce21\uce58\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uac12(\uc2e4\ud604\ub41c \uac12)\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 &#8216;\ucc3d\uc758\uc131&#8217; \uc810\uc218\uac00 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc2dc\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ube44\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74, \ucc3d\uc758\uc131\uc740 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774 \uc815\uc758\ub294 \uacb0\uce21\uce58(missing values), \uc624\ucc28\ud56d(error terms), \uad50\ub780\ud56d(disturbances)\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \ud3ec\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \uc9c0\ud45c\uc758 \ub450 \uc5bc\uad74: \ubc18\uc601\uc9c0\ud45c vs. \uc6d0\uc778\uc9c0\ud45c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>SEM\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \ub54c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud63c\ub3d9\ud558\uae30 \uc26c\uc6b4 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uc9c0\ud45c(Indicator)\uc640 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1. \ubc18\uc601\uc9c0\ud45c (Reflective Indicators)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud754\ud788 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218(\uc6d0\uc778)\uac00 \uad00\ucc30\ubcc0\uc218(\uacb0\uacfc)\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc608\uc2dc:<\/strong> <strong>&#8216;\ud559\uad50 \ud3ed\ub825 \ud53c\ud574 \ubd88\uc548\uac10(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\eta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)&#8217;<\/strong>\uc774 \ub192\uc73c\uba74 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> &#8216;\ub4f1\uad50\ud558\uae30 \uc2eb\ub2e4(<math data-latex=\"y_1\"><semantics><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)&#8217;, &#8216;\uc545\ubabd\uc744 \uafbc\ub2e4(<math data-latex=\"y_2\"><semantics><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)&#8217;, &#8216;\uc2dd\uc695\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4(<math data-latex=\"y_3\"><semantics><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_3<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)&#8217;\ub294 \uc751\ub2f5\uc774 \ub192\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud2b9\uc9d5:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud654\uc0b4\ud45c \ubc29\ud5a5: \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \uc9c0\ud45c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc9c0\ud45c\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \ub192\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\ubd88\uc548\uac10\uc774 \ub192\uc73c\uba74 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc99d\uc0c1 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a8).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc218\uc2dd: <math data-latex=\"y_1 = \\alpha_1 + \\lambda_1\\eta_1 + \\epsilon_1\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_1 = \\alpha_1 + \\lambda_1\\eta_1 + \\epsilon_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c <math data-latex=\"\\epsilon\"><semantics><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\epsilon<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc740 \uce21\uc815 \uc624\ucc28\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2. \uc6d0\uc778\uc9c0\ud45c (Causal\/Formative Indicators)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubc18\ub300\ub85c \uc9c0\ud45c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\uc5ec\uc11c \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc608\uc2dc:&#8217;\uac00\uc815\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704(SES, <\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\eta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)&#8217;<\/strong>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8216;\ubd80\ubaa8\uc758 \uc18c\ub4dd(<math data-latex=\"x_1\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)&#8217;, &#8216;\ubd80\ubaa8\uc758 \ud559\ub825(<math data-latex=\"x_2\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)&#8217;, &#8216;\uc9c1\uc5c5 \uc9c0\uc704(<math data-latex=\"x_3\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_3<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)&#8217;\uac00 \ud569\uccd0\uc838\uc11c SES\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud2b9\uc9d5:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud654\uc0b4\ud45c \ubc29\ud5a5: \uc9c0\ud45c <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc9c0\ud45c\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\uc18c\ub4dd\uc774 \ub192\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ud559\ub825\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d8).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc218\uc2dd: <math data-latex=\"\\eta_1 = \\gamma_1x_1 + \\gamma_2x_2 + \\gamma_3x_3 + \\zeta_1\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b6<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta_1 = \\gamma_1x_1 + \\gamma_2x_2 + \\gamma_3x_3 + \\zeta_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\uc0ac\uace0 \uc2e4\ud5d8 (Thought Experiment):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc9c0\ud45c \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uc5b5\uc9c0\ub85c \ub192\uc600\uc744 \ub54c \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \ubcc0\ud569\ub2c8\uae4c? \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \ubcc0\ud574\uc57c \uc9c0\ud45c\uac00 \ubcc0\ud569\ub2c8\uae4c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uce5c\uad6c\uc640 \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub298\ub9b0\ub2e4\uace0(<math data-latex=\"x\"><semantics><mi>x<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>) \uc0ac\ud68c\uc131(<math data-latex=\"\\eta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uc88b\uc544\uc9c0\uc9c4 \uc54a\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc6d0\uc778\uc9c0\ud45c \uac00\ub2a5\uc131)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc131(<math data-latex=\"\\eta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc774 \uc88b\uc544\uc9c0\uba74 \uce5c\uad6c, \uac00\uc871, \ub3d9\ub8cc\uc640 \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04(<math data-latex=\"y\"><semantics><mi>y<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub298\uc5b4\ub0a0 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\ubc18\uc601\uc9c0\ud45c).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ud655\uc7a5: \ub354 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc124\ubb38\uc870\uc0ac\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4, \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad50\uc721 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\ub4e4\uc744 \uc18c\uac1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1. \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc131\uc7a5\ubaa8\ud615 (Latent Growth Curve Models)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc131\uc801\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub0a8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcc0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774 <strong>&#8216;\ubcc0\ud654&#8217;<\/strong> \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uad6c\uc870:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ucd08\uae30\uce58(Intercept, <\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\eta_1\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong> 1\ud559\ub144 \ub54c\uc758 \uad6d\uc5b4 \uc131\uc801 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubcc0\ud654\uc728(Slope, <\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\eta_2\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong> \ud559\ub144\uc774 \uc62c\ub77c\uac08\uc218\ub85d \uc131\uc801\uc774 \uc624\ub974\uac70\ub098 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc18d\ub3c4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 &#8220;\ucd08\uae30 \uc131\uc801\uc774 \ub0ae\uc740 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \ub354 \ube68\ub9ac \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\ub294\uac00?&#8221;\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub2f5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2. \uc131\uc7a5\ud63c\ud569\ubaa8\ud615 (Growth Mixture Models)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \ub611\uac19\uc740 \ud328\ud134\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc740 \uc131\uc801\uc774 \uae09\uc0c1\uc2b9\ud558\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc740 \uc815\uccb4\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc7a0\uc7ac\uacc4\uce35(Latent Class, <\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\xi\"><semantics><mi>\u03be<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\xi<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud558\uc704 \uc9d1\ub2e8(\uc608: &#8216;\uace0\uc131\ucde8 \uae09\uc131\uc7a5\ud615&#8217;, &#8216;\uc800\uc131\ucde8 \uc815\uccb4\ud615&#8217;)\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ud558\ub294 \ubc94\uc8fc\ud615 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3. 2\ucc28 \uc694\uc778 \ubc0f \uc774\uc911 \uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378 (Second-order &amp; Bifactor Models)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>2\ucc28 \uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378:<\/strong> &#8216;\uc218\ub9ac\ub825&#8217;, &#8216;\uc5b8\uc5b4\ub825&#8217;, &#8216;\uacf5\uac04\uc9c0\uac01\ub825&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 1\ucc28 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 <strong>&#8216;\uc77c\ubc18 \uc9c0\ub2a5(<math data-latex=\"g\"><semantics><mi>g<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">g<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)&#8217;<\/strong>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc0c1\uc704(2\ucc28) \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc774\uc911 \uc694\uc778(Bifactor) \ubaa8\ub378:<\/strong> \ubb38\ud56d\uc758 \uc751\ub2f5\uc774 &#8216;\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ud2b9\uc131(\uc608: \uc6b0\uc6b8)&#8217;\uacfc &#8216;\ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \ub9e5\ub77d(\uc608: \ubd80\uc815\uc801 \ubb38\ud56d \ub258\uc559\uc2a4)&#8217;\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \uc2e4\uc2b5: jamovi\uc640 R\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \uad50\uc721 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\uc81c \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ubcf4\uc5ec\ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. jamovi\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c <code>lavaan<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\ub4dc\ub9ac\uace0, \uc774\ub97c jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1. \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624: &#8220;\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc640 \ud559\uc5c5 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4 \ubcc0\ud654&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uc5f0\uad6c \ubc30\uacbd:<\/strong> \uacbd\uae30\ub3c4 \uc18c\uc7ac A\uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 \ud559\uc0dd 200\uba85\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c &#8216;\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc&#8217;\uac00 3\ub144\uac04\uc758 &#8216;\uc790\uae30\uc8fc\ub3c4\ud559\uc2b5 \ub2a5\ub825&#8217; \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 1 (\uc678\uc0dd):<\/strong> \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc (<code>DigiLit<\/code>) &#8211; \ubc18\uc601\uc9c0\ud45c 3\uac1c (<code>DL1<\/code>: \uc815\ubcf4\uac80\uc0c9, <code>DL2<\/code>: \ube44\ud310\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00, <code>DL3<\/code>: \ucf58\ud150\uce20 \uc0dd\uc131)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 2 (\uc131\uc7a5):<\/strong> \uc790\uae30\uc8fc\ub3c4\ud559\uc2b5 \ucd08\uae30\uce58 (<code>Intercept<\/code>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 3 (\uc131\uc7a5):<\/strong> \uc790\uae30\uc8fc\ub3c4\ud559\uc2b5 \ubcc0\ud654\uc728 (<code>Slope<\/code>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uad00\uce21\ubcc0\uc218 (\uc885\uc18d):<\/strong> 1\ud559\ub144~3\ud559\ub144 \uc790\uae30\uc8fc\ub3c4\ud559\uc2b5 \uac80\uc0ac \uc810\uc218 (<code>SDL_T1<\/code>, <code>SDL_T2<\/code>, <code>SDL_T3<\/code>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \ubc0f \ubd84\uc11d (R Code)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 R\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ud589 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uba70, jamovi\uc758 <code>Rj<\/code> \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc2e4\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc218 \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ub85c\ub4dc\nif(!require(lavaan)) install.packages(\"lavaan\")\nif(!require(semPlot)) install.packages(\"semPlot\")\nif(!require(MASS)) install.packages(\"MASS\")\n\nset.seed(1226) # \uc7ac\ud604\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc2dc\ub4dc \uc124\uc815\n\n# 1. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (N = 200)\nN &lt;- 200\n\n# \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc(DL) \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (\ud3c9\uade0 0, \ubd84\uc0b0 1)\nDigiLit &lt;- rnorm(N, 0, 1)\n\n# \ubc18\uc601\uc9c0\ud45c \uc0dd\uc131 (\uce21\uc815\uc624\ucc28 \ud3ec\ud568) \n# y = lambda * eta + error\nDL1 &lt;- 0.7 * DigiLit + rnorm(N, 0, 0.5)\nDL2 &lt;- 0.8 * DigiLit + rnorm(N, 0, 0.5)\nDL3 &lt;- 0.75 * DigiLit + rnorm(N, 0, 0.5)\n\n# \uc790\uae30\uc8fc\ub3c4\ud559\uc2b5(SDL) \uc131\uc7a5\ubaa8\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\n# \ucd08\uae30\uce58(Intercept)\ub294 DL\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc74c\nIntercept &lt;- 50 + 5 * DigiLit + rnorm(N, 0, 5)\n# \ubcc0\ud654\uc728(Slope)\ub3c4 DL\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc74c (DL\uc774 \ub192\uc73c\uba74 \ub354 \ube68\ub9ac \uc131\uc7a5)\nSlope &lt;- 2 + 1.5 * DigiLit + rnorm(N, 0, 2)\n\n# \uc2dc\uc810\ubcc4 \uc810\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (T1, T2, T3)\n# Score_t = Intercept + Slope * (Time_t) + error\nSDL_T1 &lt;- Intercept + Slope * 0 + rnorm(N, 0, 3)\nSDL_T2 &lt;- Intercept + Slope * 1 + rnorm(N, 0, 3)\nSDL_T3 &lt;- Intercept + Slope * 2 + rnorm(N, 0, 3)\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784 \uc0dd\uc131\nData &lt;- data.frame(DL1, DL2, DL3, SDL_T1, SDL_T2, SDL_T3)\n\n# 2. jamovi\/R \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378 \uad6c\ubb38 (Lavaan Syntax)\n# \uc774 \uad6c\ubb38\uc740 jamovi SEM \ubaa8\ub4c8(SEMLj)\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\nmodel_syntax &lt;- '\n  # \uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378 (Measurement Model) &#91;cite: 34]\n  Digital_Lit =~ DL1 + DL2 + DL3\n\n  # \uc7a0\uc7ac \uc131\uc7a5 \ubaa8\ub378 (Latent Growth Model) \n  # 1, 1, 1\uc740 \uc808\ud3b8(Intercept), 0, 1, 2\ub294 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30(Slope)\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\n  i =~ 1*SDL_T1 + 1*SDL_T2 + 1*SDL_T3\n  s =~ 0*SDL_T1 + 1*SDL_T2 + 2*SDL_T3\n\n  # \uad6c\uc870 \ubaa8\ub378 (Structural Model): \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc\uac00 \uc131\uc7a5\uc694\uc778\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\n  i ~ Digital_Lit\n  s ~ Digital_Lit\n'\n\n# 3. \ubaa8\ub378 \uc801\ud569 (Estimation)\nfit &lt;- sem(model_syntax, data = Data)\n\n# 4. \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\nsummary(fit, fit.measures=TRUE, standardized=TRUE)\n\n# 5. \uc2dc\uac01\ud654 (Path Diagram)\nsemPaths(fit, whatLabels = \"std\", layout = \"tree2\", \n         edge.label.cex = 1.0, curvePivot = TRUE,\n         main = \"Digital Literacy &amp; SDL Growth Model\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-1c8ba12e-33ad-4c93-a060-f0ebd9d99325\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/chap05.csv\">chap05<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/chap05.csv\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-1c8ba12e-33ad-4c93-a060-f0ebd9d99325\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3. jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubd84\uc11d \uc808\ucc28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\uae30:<\/strong> \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c csv \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5fd\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SEMLj \ubaa8\ub4c8 \uc124\uce58:<\/strong> jamovi \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c <code>SEMLj<\/code> (\ub610\ub294 <code>jmv<\/code>\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 SEM \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \ud65c\uc6a9)\ub97c \uc124\uce58\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Syntax \uc785\ub825:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SEMLj \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0 <code>Syntax<\/code> \ubaa8\ub4dc\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc704 R \ucf54\ub4dc\uc758 <code>model_syntax<\/code> \ubd80\ubd84(\uc791\uc740\ub530\uc634\ud45c \uc548\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9)\uc744 \ubcf5\uc0ac\ud574\uc11c \ubd99\uc5ec\ub123\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacb0\uacfc \ud655\uc778:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CFI\/TLI:<\/strong> 0.9 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774\uba74 \uc88b\uc740 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RMSEA:<\/strong> 0.08 \uc774\ud558(\uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 0.05 \uc774\ud558)\uc778\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud68c\uadc0\uacc4\uc218(Estimates):<\/strong> <code>Digital_Lit<\/code>\uac00 <code>i<\/code>(\ucd08\uae30\uce58)\uc640 <code>s<\/code>(\uae30\uc6b8\uae30)\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5(<math data-latex=\"\\beta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc774 \uc720\uc758\ud55c\uc9c0(p &lt; .05) \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uace0\ub824\uc0ac\ud56d \ubc0f \ud574\uc11d \uc2dc \uc8fc\uc758\uc810 (Additional Considerations)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ub9c8\ucce4\ub2e4\uace0 \ub05d\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uaed8 \ub2f9\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc774\uc288\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1. \uc2dd\ubcc4 (Identification)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uc218\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud480\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ucc99\ub3c4 \uc124\uc815(Scaling):<\/strong> \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \ub2e8\uc704\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc9c0\ud45c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub97c 1\ub85c \uace0\uc815(Unit loading)\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 1\ub85c \uace0\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e8\uc704\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc9c0\ud45c \uc218 \uaddc\uce59:<\/strong> \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \ucd5c\uc18c 3\uac1c\uc758 \ubc18\uc601\uc9c0\ud45c\ub97c \uac00\uc9c8 \ub54c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dd\ubcc4\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4 (Three Indicator Rule).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2. \ud574\uc11d\uc758 \uc624\ub958 (Interpretation)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub9ce\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 <math data-latex=\"\\eta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub97c &#8216;\uc624\ucc28\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \uc9c4\uc2e4&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ucc29\uac01\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc124\uc815\ud55c \uc9c0\ud45c\ub4e4\uc758 <strong>\uacf5\ud1b5 \ubd84\uc0b0(Common Variance)<\/strong>\uc77c \ubfd0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub9cc\uc57d \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc9c0\ud45c\uac00 &#8216;\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0\uc2dd \uc124\ubb38&#8217;\uc73c\ub85c \uce21\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74, \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub2a5\ub825\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c &#8216;\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0 \ud3b8\ud5a5&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc624\ucc28\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \uacb0\ub860 (Summary)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc624\ub298 \ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uad50\uc721\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc744 <strong>\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218<\/strong>\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub97c <strong>\ubc18\uc601\uc9c0\ud45c<\/strong>\uc640 <strong>\uc6d0\uc778\uc9c0\ud45c<\/strong>\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\ud558\uba70, \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00 <strong>\uc131\uc7a5\ubaa8\ud615<\/strong>\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubc30\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bollen\uacfc Hoyle<\/strong>\uc774 \uac15\uc870\ud588\ub4ef, \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uc720\ud76c\uac00 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ub860\uacfc \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud574 \uc8fc\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub2e4\ub9ac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc774 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \ub2e4\ub9ac\ub97c \ud2bc\ud2bc\ud558\uac8c \uac74\uc124\ud558\uc2dc\uae38 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc (References)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bollen, K. A., &amp; Hoyle, R. H. (2012). Latent variables in structural equation modeling. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), <em>Handbook of structural equation modeling<\/em> (pp. 56-67). Guilford Press. [Based on source text provided]<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bollen, K. A. (2002). Latent variables in psychology and the social sciences. <em>Annual Review of Psychology, 53<\/em>, 605-634.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bollen, K. A., &amp; Ting, K.-F. (2000). A tetrad test for causal indicators. <em>Psychological Methods, 5<\/em>, 3-22.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>J\u00f6reskog, K. G., &amp; S\u00f6rbom, D. (1979). <em>Advances in factor analysis and structural equation models<\/em>. Abt Books.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM)\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uac1c\ub150\uc778 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218(Latent Variables)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0, \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub3d5\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc124\uba85\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84. \uc624\ub298 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacfc\ud559, \ud2b9\ud788 \uad50\uc721\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uacfc\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1. \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00? (Foundations) 1.1. \uac1c\ub150\uc801 \uc815\uc758: \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30 \uad50\uc721\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 &#8216;\ud559\uc5c5 \ub3d9\uae30&#8217;, &#8216;\uc790\uc544\uc874\uc911\uac10&#8217;, &#8216;\uc218\ub9ac \ub2a5\ub825&#8217;\uacfc <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[300],"tags":[166,301,269],"class_list":["post-551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sem","tag-sem","tag-301","tag-269"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chap 05. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variables in SEM) - WaurimaL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chap 05. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variables in SEM) - WaurimaL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM)\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uac1c\ub150\uc778 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218(Latent Variables)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0, \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub3d5\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc124\uba85\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84. \uc624\ub298 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacfc\ud559, \ud2b9\ud788 \uad50\uc721\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uacfc\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1. \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00? (Foundations) 1.1. \uac1c\ub150\uc801 \uc815\uc758: \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30 \uad50\uc721\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 &#8216;\ud559\uc5c5 \ub3d9\uae30&#8217;, &#8216;\uc790\uc544\uc874\uc911\uac10&#8217;, &#8216;\uc218\ub9ac \ub2a5\ub825&#8217;\uacfc Read more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WaurimaL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-27T14:55:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-27T14:58:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\uae00\uc4f4\uc774\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\uc608\uc0c1 \ub418\ub294 \ud310\ub3c5 \uc2dc\uac04\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6\ubd84\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=551#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=551\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e761145380f742e758f3c58f1607b704\"},\"headline\":\"Chap 05. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variables in SEM)\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-27T14:55:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-27T14:58:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=551\"},\"wordCount\":228,\"keywords\":[\"SEM\",\"\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\",\"\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=551\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=551\",\"name\":\"Chap 05. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variables in SEM) - WaurimaL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-12-27T14:55:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-27T14:58:11+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e761145380f742e758f3c58f1607b704\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=551#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=551\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=551#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Chap 05. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variables in SEM)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/\",\"name\":\"WaurimaL\",\"description\":\"Educational Measurement &amp; Psychometrics\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e761145380f742e758f3c58f1607b704\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/03ee7b81ff819426120ea367438dcf87383d9de82e834db0cfd335a41108ebc6?s=96&d=robohash&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/03ee7b81ff819426120ea367438dcf87383d9de82e834db0cfd335a41108ebc6?s=96&d=robohash&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/03ee7b81ff819426120ea367438dcf87383d9de82e834db0cfd335a41108ebc6?s=96&d=robohash&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\"],\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?author=1\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Chap 05. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variables in SEM) - WaurimaL","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551","og_locale":"ko_KR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Chap 05. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variables in SEM) - WaurimaL","og_description":"\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM)\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uac1c\ub150\uc778 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218(Latent Variables)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0, \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub3d5\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc124\uba85\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84. \uc624\ub298 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacfc\ud559, \ud2b9\ud788 \uad50\uc721\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uacfc\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1. \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00? (Foundations) 1.1. \uac1c\ub150\uc801 \uc815\uc758: \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30 \uad50\uc721\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 &#8216;\ud559\uc5c5 \ub3d9\uae30&#8217;, &#8216;\uc790\uc544\uc874\uc911\uac10&#8217;, &#8216;\uc218\ub9ac \ub2a5\ub825&#8217;\uacfc Read more","og_url":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551","og_site_name":"WaurimaL","article_published_time":"2025-12-27T14:55:12+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-27T14:58:11+00:00","author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\uae00\uc4f4\uc774":"admin","\uc608\uc0c1 \ub418\ub294 \ud310\ub3c5 \uc2dc\uac04":"6\ubd84"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/#\/schema\/person\/e761145380f742e758f3c58f1607b704"},"headline":"Chap 05. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variables in SEM)","datePublished":"2025-12-27T14:55:12+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-27T14:58:11+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551"},"wordCount":228,"keywords":["SEM","\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd","\uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218"],"articleSection":["\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd"],"inLanguage":"ko-KR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551","url":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551","name":"Chap 05. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variables in SEM) - WaurimaL","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-12-27T14:55:12+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-27T14:58:11+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/#\/schema\/person\/e761145380f742e758f3c58f1607b704"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ko-KR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=551#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Chap 05. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variables in SEM)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/","name":"WaurimaL","description":"Educational Measurement &amp; Psychometrics","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ko-KR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/#\/schema\/person\/e761145380f742e758f3c58f1607b704","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ko-KR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/03ee7b81ff819426120ea367438dcf87383d9de82e834db0cfd335a41108ebc6?s=96&d=robohash&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/03ee7b81ff819426120ea367438dcf87383d9de82e834db0cfd335a41108ebc6?s=96&d=robohash&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/03ee7b81ff819426120ea367438dcf87383d9de82e834db0cfd335a41108ebc6?s=96&d=robohash&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/waurimal.kr"],"url":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?author=1"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=551"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":554,"href":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/551\/revisions\/554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}