{"id":556,"date":"2025-12-28T17:29:33","date_gmt":"2025-12-28T08:29:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=556"},"modified":"2025-12-28T17:29:35","modified_gmt":"2025-12-28T08:29:35","slug":"chap-06-%ea%b5%ac%ec%a1%b0%eb%b0%a9%ec%a0%95%ec%8b%9d-%eb%aa%a8%ed%98%95%ec%97%90%ec%84%9c%ec%9d%98-%ec%8b%9c%eb%ae%ac%eb%a0%88%ec%9d%b4%ec%85%98-%eb%b0%a9%eb%b2%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=556","title":{"rendered":"Chap 06. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \ubc29\ubc95"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84.<br>\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM) \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc885\uc885 \uc5b4\ub835\uac8c \ub290\uaef4\uc9c0\ub294 <strong>&#8216;\uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \ubc29\ubc95(Simulation Methods)&#8217;<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub9d0\uc500\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud754\ud788 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 &#8220;\ud55c \ubc88 \uc218\uc9d1\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \uacb0\ub860\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83&#8221;\uc774\ub77c\uba74, \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 <strong>&#8220;\uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc218\ucc9c \ubc88 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uc2e4\ud5d8\ud558\ub294 \uac83&#8221;<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec, <strong>jamovi<\/strong>\ub294 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc218\ucc9c \ubc88\uc758 \ubc18\ubcf5 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158(Looping)\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ubcf8 \uac15\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <strong>R(lavaan \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0)<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\ub4dc\ub9ac\uace0, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ud574\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc11c\ub860: \uc65c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c\uac00?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc774 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad50\uc721 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uac80\uc99d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc138\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uace0\ubbfc\uc774 \uc0dd\uae41\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\ud45c\ubcf8(\ud559\uc0dd \uc218)\uc774 100\uba85\uc774\uba74 \ucda9\ubd84\ud560\uae4c? \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5a1\ud558\uc9c0?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uae30\uc874\uc758 \uad50\uacfc\uc11c\ub098 \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\ub77c\uc778\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ubd10\ub3c4 \ub0b4 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0 \ub531 \ub9de\ub294 \ub2f5\uc744 \ucc3e\uae30 \ud798\ub4e0 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub7f4 \ub54c <strong>\uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc5f0\uad6c(\ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \uc5f0\uad6c)<\/strong>\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 <strong>&#8220;\uc815\ub2f5(\ucc38\uac12)\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\uc9d1\ub2e8(Population)\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \uc9c1\uc811 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83&#8221;<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc2e4\uc81c \uc5f0\uad6c:<\/strong> \ucc38\uac12(Parameter)\uc744 \ubaa8\ub984 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ucd94\uc815\ud568.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc5f0\uad6c:<\/strong> \ucc38\uac12\uc744 \ub0b4\uac00 \uc124\uc815\ud568 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud574\uc11c \ubd84\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \ucc38\uac12\uc744 \uc798 \ub9de\ucd94\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud568.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc0c1\ud669<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud1b5\uacc4 \uae30\ubc95 \uac80\uc99d:<\/strong> \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubd84\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc870\uac74(\uc608: \uc791\uc740 \ud45c\ubcf8, \uacb0\uce21\uce58)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc798 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \ub54c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uac00\uc774\ub4dc\ub77c\uc778 \uac1c\ubc1c:<\/strong> \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud754\ud788 \uc4f0\ub294 CFI > .90 \uac19\uc740 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4 \uae30\uc900\uc740 \uc218\ud559 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc801 \uae30\uc900\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uac80\uc99d\ub825 \ubd84\uc11d(Power Analysis):<\/strong> \ub0b4 \uc5f0\uad6c \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ucd5c\uc18c \ud45c\ubcf8 \uc218\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud560 \ub54c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uc124\uacc4 (Design)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub3c4 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \ub611\uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3c5\ub9bd\ubcc0\uc218(\uc870\uac74)\ub97c \uc870\uc791\ud558\uace0, \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218(\uacb0\uacfc)\ub97c \uad00\ucc30\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ubcc0\uc218 (\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc870\uc791\ud558\ub294 \uc870\uac74)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud06c\uac8c <strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud2b9\uc131<\/strong>\uacfc <strong>\ubaa8\ud615 \ud2b9\uc131<\/strong>\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub269\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30 (Sample Size):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uad50\uc721 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud559\uae09 \ub2e8\uc704\ub098 \ud559\uad50 \ub2e8\uc704 \uc218\uc9d1\uc774 \ub9ce\uc544 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud655\ubcf4\uac00 \uc5b4\ub835\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <math data-latex=\"N=50, 100, 200, 500\"><semantics><mrow><mi>N<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>50<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mn>100<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mn>200<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mn>500<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">N=50, 100, 200, 500<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc8fc\uc5b4, \uc5b8\uc81c \ubaa8\uc218 \ucd94\uc815\uc774 \uc548\uc815\ub418\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ube44\uc815\uaddc\uc131 (Non-normality):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 &#8216;\ud559\uc5c5 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4&#8217; \uc124\ubb38\uc740 \uc885\uc885 \ud55c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uce58\uc6b0\uce5c(Skewed) \ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \ubcf4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \ucd94\uc815\uce58\uac00 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc65c\uace1\ub418\ub294\uc9c0 \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 <strong>Vale &amp; Maurelli (1983)<\/strong> \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc790\uc8fc \uc4f0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacb0\uce21\uce58 (Missing Data):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc885\ub2e8 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\ud559\uc744 \uac00\uac70\ub098 \uc751\ub2f5\uc744 \uc548 \ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\uce21 \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998(MCAR, MAR, MNAR)\uacfc \uacb0\uce21 \ube44\uc728\uc744 \uc870\uc791\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubaa8\ud615 \uc624\uc124\uc815 (Model Misspecification):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud604\uc2e4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc77c\ubd80\ub7ec &#8216;\uc911\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ube60\ub728\ub9b0 \ubaa8\ub378&#8217;\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc801\ud569\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc218\uac00 \uc774\ub97c \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc798 \uc7a1\uc544\ub0b4\ub294\uc9c0 \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218 (\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\ud45c\ub4e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc218\ub834\ub960 (Convergence Rate):<\/strong> \ubd84\uc11d\uc774 \uc5d0\ub7ec \uc5c6\uc774 \uc644\ub8cc\ub41c \ube44\uc728.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud3b8\uc758 (Bias):<\/strong> \ucd94\uc815\ub41c \uac12\uacfc \ub0b4\uac00 \uc124\uc815\ud55c \ucc38\uac12\uc758 \ucc28\uc774(\uacf5\uc2dd: <math data-latex=\"\\text{Relative Bias} = \\frac{\\hat{\\theta} - \\theta}{\\theta}\"><semantics><mrow><mtext>Relative&nbsp;Bias<\/mtext><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mover><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-capshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">^<\/mo><\/mover><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><\/mrow><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\text{Relative Bias} = \\frac{\\hat{\\theta} &#8211; \\theta}{\\theta}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>). \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 5% \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc774\uba74 \uc591\ud638\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud45c\uc900\uc624\ucc28 (Standard Errors):<\/strong> \ucd94\uc815\uce58\uc758 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc131. \uc774\uac8c \uc815\ud655\ud574\uc57c \uc720\uc758\uc131 \uac80\uc815(<math data-latex=\"p\"><semantics><mi>p<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">p<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uac12)\uc744 \ubbff\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uac80\uc99d\ub825 (Power):<\/strong> \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c, \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ucc3e\uc544\ub0bc \ud655\ub960.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \uc2e4\uc804: \uad50\uc721 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc608\uc81c (R \ud65c\uc6a9)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>[\uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624: \uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uc790\uc728\uc131 \uc9c0\uc9c0\uac00 \ud559\uc0dd \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubc30\uacbd:<\/strong> \ud55c \uad50\uc721\uccad\uc5d0\uc11c \uad50\uc0ac\uac00 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc790\uc728\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud574\uc8fc\uba74(X), \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10(M)\uc774 \uc624\ub974\uace0, \uacb0\uad6d \ud559\uc5c5 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4(Y)\uac00 \uc624\ub974\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb38\uc81c:<\/strong> \uc608\uc0b0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c <strong>100\uba85<\/strong>\ubc16\uc5d0 \ubabb \ubaa8\uc744 \uac83 \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc778\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ub9e4\uac1c\ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uac80\uc99d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744\uae4c\uc694? (\uac80\uc99d\ub825 0.80 \uc774\uc0c1 \ubaa9\ud45c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 R\uc758 <code>lavaan<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubaac\ud14c\uce74\ub97c\ub85c \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc744 \ub3cc\ub824\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e8\uacc4 1: \ubaa8\uc9d1\ub2e8 \ubaa8\ud615(Population Model) \uc815\uc758<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc120\ud589\uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ucc38\uac12(True Parameter)\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc790\uc728\uc131 \uc9c0\uc9c0 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10 (\uacbd\ub85c a): 0.5 (\uc911\uac04 \ud6a8\uacfc)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4 (\uacbd\ub85c b): 0.5 (\uc911\uac04 \ud6a8\uacfc)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc790\uc728\uc131 \uc9c0\uc9c0 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4 (\uacbd\ub85c c&#8217;): 0.1 (\uc791\uc740 \uc9c1\uc811 \ud6a8\uacfc)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e8\uacc4 2 &amp; 3: \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \ubc0f \ubc18\ubcf5 \ubd84\uc11d (Simulation)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30\ub97c 50\uba85, 100\uba85, 200\uba85, 500\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \ub298\ub824\uac00\uba70 \uac01\uac01 1,000\ubc88\uc529 \uc2e4\ud5d8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(\ucc38\uace0: \uc544\ub798 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 RStudio\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc218 \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ub85c\ub4dc\nif(!require(lavaan)) install.packages(\"lavaan\")\nif(!require(tidyverse)) install.packages(\"tidyverse\")\nlibrary(lavaan)\nlibrary(tidyverse)\n\n# 1. \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc870\uac74 \uc124\uc815\nsample_sizes &lt;- c(50, 100, 200, 500)\nn_replications &lt;- 1000  # \ubc18\ubcf5 \ud69f\uc218 (\ubcf4\ud1b5 1,000\ubc88 \uc774\uc0c1 \uad8c\uc7a5)\n\n# 2. \ubaa8\uc9d1\ub2e8 \ubaa8\ud615 (\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc815\ud55c \ucc38\uac12)\n# \uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uc790\uc728\uc131\uc9c0\uc9c0(X) -&gt; \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10(M) -&gt; \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4(Y)\npop_model &lt;- '\n  M ~ 0.5*X\n  Y ~ 0.5*M + 0.1*X\n  X ~~ 1*X\n  M ~~ 1*M\n  Y ~~ 1*Y\n'\n\n# 3. \ubd84\uc11d \ubaa8\ud615 (\uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ub3cc\ub9b4 \ubaa8\ud615)\nanalyze_model &lt;- '\n  M ~ a*X\n  Y ~ b*M + c*X\n  # \ub9e4\uac1c\ud6a8\uacfc(indirect effect) \uc815\uc758\n  ab := a*b\n'\n\n# \uacb0\uacfc \uc800\uc7a5\uc6a9 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ud504\ub808\uc784\nresults &lt;- data.frame()\n\nset.seed(1234) # \uc7ac\ud604\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc2dc\ub4dc \uc124\uc815 &#91;cite: 376]\n\n# 4. \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \ub8e8\ud504 (Loop)\nfor (N in sample_sizes) {\n  cat(\"Simulating Sample Size:\", N, \"\\n\")\n  \n  sig_count &lt;- 0 # \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc \uce74\uc6b4\ud2b8\n  \n  for (i in 1:n_replications) {\n    # A. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (simulateData \ud568\uc218 \uc0ac\uc6a9)\n    sim_data &lt;- simulateData(model = pop_model, sample.nobs = N)\n    \n    # B. \ubaa8\ub378 \uc801\ud569\n    fit &lt;- sem(analyze_model, data = sim_data)\n    \n    # C. \uacb0\uacfc \ucd94\ucd9c (\uc218\ub834\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub9cc)\n    if (inspect(fit, \"converged\")) {\n      # \ub9e4\uac1c\ud6a8\uacfc(ab)\uc758 p-value \ucd94\ucd9c\n      pe &lt;- parameterEstimates(fit)\n      p_val &lt;- pe&#91;pe$label == \"ab\", \"pvalue\"]\n      \n      # \uc720\uc758\uc218\uc900 .05 \uae30\uc900 \uac80\uc815\n      if (p_val &lt; 0.05) sig_count &lt;- sig_count + 1\n    }\n  }\n  \n  # \uac80\uc99d\ub825(Power) \uacc4\uc0b0 = \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud55c \ud69f\uc218 \/ \uc804\uccb4 \ubc18\ubcf5 \ud69f\uc218\n  power &lt;- sig_count \/ n_replications\n  results &lt;- rbind(results, data.frame(Sample_Size = N, Power = power))\n}\n\nprint(results)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub2e8\uacc4 4: \uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d \ubc0f \uc2dc\uac01\ud654<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc704\uc758 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uba74 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30\ubcc4 \uac80\uc99d\ub825(Power)\uc774 \uacc4\uc0b0\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 &#8220;100\uba85\uc77c \ub54c \uac80\uc99d\ub825\uc774 \ucda9\ubd84\ud55c\uac00?&#8221;\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2f5\uc744 \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc81c\uac00 \ubbf8\ub9ac \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub97c \uadf8\ub824\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"813\" height=\"546\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig5-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-557\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig5-1.png 813w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig5-1-300x201.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig5-1-768x516.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fig5-1-624x419.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 813px) 100vw, 813px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math data-latex=\"N=50\"><semantics><mrow><mi>N<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>50<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">N=50<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: \uac80\uc99d\ub825\uc774 \uc57d 0.35\ub85c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub0ae\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c \uc2e4\ud328 \ud655\ub960\uc774 \ub192\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"N=100\"><semantics><mrow><mi>N<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>100<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">N=100<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: \uac80\uc99d\ub825\uc774 \uc57d 0.72\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc801 \uae30\uc900\uc778 0.80\uc5d0 \uc57d\uac04 \ubabb \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"N=200\"><semantics><mrow><mi>N<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>200<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">N=200<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: \uac80\uc99d\ub825\uc774 0.95\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4\uc12d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacb0\ub860:<\/strong> \uad50\uc0ac \uc790\uc728\uc131 \uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ucd5c\uc18c <strong>120~130\uba85<\/strong> \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \ud559\uc0dd\uc744 \ubaa8\uc9d1\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc548\uc804\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 100\uba85\uc740 \ub2e4\uc18c \uc704\ud5d8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uacb0\uacfc \ubcf4\uace0 \ubc0f \ud3c9\uac00 \ubc29\ubc95<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ub9c8\uce58\uace0 \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \uc4f8 \ub54c, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ud45c\ub9cc \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc694\uc57d\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \ud3b8\uc758(Bias) \ud3c9\uac00<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucd94\uc815\ub41c \ubaa8\uc218(\uc608: \uacbd\ub85c\uacc4\uc218)\uac00 \ucc38\uac12\uacfc \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ucc28\uc774\ub098\ub294\uc9c0 \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc0c1\ub300\uc801 \ud3b8\uc758(Relative Bias):<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"\\text{Bias}(\\hat{\\theta}) = \\sum (\\frac{\\hat{\\theta} - \\theta}{\\theta}) \/ R\"><semantics><mrow><mtext>Bias<\/mtext><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mover><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-capshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">^<\/mo><\/mover><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mo movablelimits=\"false\">\u2211<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mover><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-capshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">^<\/mo><\/mover><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><\/mrow><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><\/mfrac><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mi>\/<\/mi><mi>R<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\text{Bias}(\\hat{\\theta}) = \\sum (\\frac{\\hat{\\theta} &#8211; \\theta}{\\theta}) \/ R<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hoogland &amp; Boomsma (1998)\ub294 <strong>5% \ubbf8\ub9cc<\/strong>\uc774\uba74 \ud3b8\uc758\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \ud3c9\uade0\uc81c\uacf1\uc624\ucc28 (MSE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud3b8\uc758(Bias)\uc640 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc131(Variance)\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uc9c0\ud45c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. MSE\uac00 \uc791\uc744\uc218\ub85d \ub354 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uace0 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ucd94\uc815\ub7c9\uc784\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <math data-latex=\"\\text{MSE}(\\hat{\\theta}) = \\text{Bias}^2 + \\text{Var}(\\hat{\\theta})\"><semantics><mrow><mtext>MSE<\/mtext><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mover><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-capshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">^<\/mo><\/mover><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><msup><mtext>Bias<\/mtext><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>+<\/mo><mtext>Var<\/mtext><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mover><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-capshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">^<\/mo><\/mover><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\text{MSE}(\\hat{\\theta}) = \\text{Bias}^2 + \\text{Var}(\\hat{\\theta})<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc218 \ud3c9\uac00<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>CFI, TLI, RMSEA \ub4f1\uc774 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30\ub098 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\ud3ec\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcc0\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ubcf4\uace0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, <em>&#8220;\ud45c\ubcf8\uc774 200\uba85 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc77c \ub54c RMSEA\uac00 \uacfc\ub300\ucd94\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4&#8221;<\/em>\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uacb0\ub860\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uacb0\ub860 \ubc0f \uc81c\uc5b8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud604\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0c1\ud669(\uacb0\uce21, \ube44\uc815\uaddc\uc131 \ub4f1)\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1b5\uacc4 \ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uac15\uac74\ud55c\uc9c0(Robust) \uc54c\ub824\uc8fc\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>WaurimaL<strong>\uc758 \uc870\uc5b8:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud558\uc138\uc694:<\/strong> \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\ub77c\uc778 \ud655\uc778\uc6a9\uc778\uc9c0, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc29\ubc95\ub860 \uac80\uc99d\uc778\uc9c0 \uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc678\uc801 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ub3c4(External Validity)\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc138\uc694:<\/strong> \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc870\uac74(\uc608: \ud559\uae09 \ud06c\uae30, \uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218 \ud06c\uae30)\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud574\uc57c \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ucf54\ub4dc \uac80\uc99d:<\/strong> \ubcf8\uaca9\uc801\uc778 1,000\ubc88 \ubc18\ubcf5 \uc804\uc5d0, 1\ubc88\ub9cc \ud070 \ud45c\ubcf8(<math data-latex=\"N=100,000\"><semantics><mrow><mi>N<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>100,000<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">N=100,000<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\ub824\ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \uc774\ub54c \ucc38\uac12\uc774 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \ub098\uc624\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \ucf54\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc624\ub958\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \ud0c4\ud0c4\ud55c \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uadfc\uac70 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc11c\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc7a5\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc124\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub9de\ub294 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30\ub97c \uc0b0\ucd9c\ud558\uac70\ub098, \ubd84\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95\uc758 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc785\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud574 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bandalos, D. L., &amp; Leite, W. (2013). The role of simulation in structural equation modeling. In G. R. Hancock &amp; R. Mueller (Eds.), <em>A second course in structural equation modeling<\/em> (2nd ed.). Information Age. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bradley, J. V. (1978). Robustness? <em>British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 31<\/em>, 144-152. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hoogland, J. J., &amp; Boomsma, A. (1998). Robustness studies in covariance structure modeling: An overview and meta-analysis. <em>Sociological Methods &amp; Research, 26<\/em>, 329-367.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hu, L., &amp; Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. <em>Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6<\/em>, 1-55.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leite, W. L., Bandalos, D. L., &amp; Shen, Z. (n.d.). <em>Simulation Methods in Structural Equation Modeling<\/em>. (Chapter 6 of the provided text).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muth\u00e9n, L. K., &amp; Muth\u00e9n, B. O. (2002). How to use a Monte Carlo study to decide on sample size and determine power. <em>Structural Equation Modeling, 9<\/em>, 599-620.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vale, C. D., &amp; Maurelli, V. A. (1983). Simulating multivariate non-normal distributions. <em>Psychometrika, 48<\/em>, 465-471.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84.\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM) \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc885\uc885 \uc5b4\ub835\uac8c \ub290\uaef4\uc9c0\ub294 &#8216;\uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \ubc29\ubc95(Simulation Methods)&#8217;\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub9d0\uc500\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud754\ud788 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 &#8220;\ud55c \ubc88 \uc218\uc9d1\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \uacb0\ub860\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83&#8221;\uc774\ub77c\uba74, \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 &#8220;\uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc218\ucc9c \ubc88 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uc2e4\ud5d8\ud558\ub294 \uac83&#8221;\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec, jamovi\ub294 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc218\ucc9c \ubc88\uc758 \ubc18\ubcf5 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158(Looping)\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ubcf8 \uac15\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=556\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[300],"tags":[166,301,305,304],"class_list":["post-556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sem","tag-sem","tag-301","tag-305","tag-304"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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