{"id":559,"date":"2025-12-28T18:32:14","date_gmt":"2025-12-28T09:32:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=559"},"modified":"2025-12-28T18:32:14","modified_gmt":"2025-12-28T09:32:14","slug":"chap-07-%ea%b5%ac%ec%a1%b0%eb%b0%a9%ec%a0%95%ec%8b%9d-%eb%aa%a8%ed%98%95sem%ec%9d%98-%ea%b0%80%ec%a0%95%ea%b3%bc-%ec%8b%a4%ec%a0%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=559","title":{"rendered":"Chap 07. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM)\uc758 \uac00\uc815\uacfc \uc2e4\uc81c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84. <br>\uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM) \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc810\uac80\ud574\uc57c \ud560 &#8216;\uac00\uc815(Assumptions)&#8217;\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub904\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub9ce\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub123\uace0, &#8216;\uc2e4\ud589(Run)&#8217; \ubc84\ud2bc\uc744 \ub204\ub974\ub294 \ub370 \uae09\uae09\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub809\uc2a4 \ud074\ub77c\uc778(Rex B. Kline)\uc774 \uc778\uc6a9\ud55c \uc568\ub7f0 \uc54c\ub2e4(Alan Alda)\uc758 \ub9d0\ucc98\ub7fc, <strong>&#8220;\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uac00\uc815\uc740 \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc14\ub77c\ubcf4\ub294 \ucc3d\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\ub054 \ub2e6\uc544\ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \ube5b\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4&#8221;<\/strong>. \uac00\uc815\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uba3c\uc9c0 \ub080 \ucc3d\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc544, \uc65c\uace1\ub41c \uacb0\ub860\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uae00\uc740 \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc608\uc2dc\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 <strong>jamovi (SEMLj \ubaa8\ub4c8)<\/strong>\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, \uace0\uae09 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 <strong>R (lavaan \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0)<\/strong>\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc11c\ub860: \uc65c \uac00\uc815\uc744 \uc810\uac80\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ub2e4\ubcc0\ub7c9 \ud1b5\uacc4 \uae30\ubc95\uc778 SEM\uc740 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ucd94\ucd9c, \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uc131\uaca9, \ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub9ce\uc740 \uac00\uc815\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc804\uc81c \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c4\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uba74, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ubc1b\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc APA\uc758 \uc800\ub110 \ubcf4\uace0 \ud45c\uc900(JARS)\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac00\uc815\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uba85\uc2dc\uc801 \uc5b8\uae09\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \ud45c\ubcf8 \ucd94\ucd9c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac00\uc815 (Sampling Assumptions)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1. \uc774\uc0c1\uacfc \ud604\uc2e4: \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ud45c\ubcf8 vs. \ud3b8\uc758 \ud45c\ubcf8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc720\uc758\uc131 \uac80\uc815(Significance Testing)\uc740 \ubaa8\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 <strong>\ub2e8\uc21c \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ucd94\ucd9c(Simple Random Sampling)<\/strong>\uc744 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uad6d\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc911\ud559\uc0dd \uba85\ub2e8\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uc5ec \ubb34\uc791\uc704\ub85c \ubf51\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud604\uc2e4 (\uad50\uc721 \uc5f0\uad6c):<\/strong> \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub300\uac1c <strong>\ud3b8\uc758 \ud45c\ubcf8(Convenience Sampling)<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, &#8220;\uc12d\uc678\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c A\uc911\ud559\uad50 2\ud559\ub144 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4&#8221;\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc8e0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb38\uc81c\uc810:<\/strong> \ud3b8\uc758 \ud45c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c4\ucd9c\ub41c p-\uac12(\uc720\uc758\ud655\ub960)\uc774 \uacfc\uc5f0 \ubaa8\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \ub300\ud45c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub17c\ub780\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2. \ub300\ucc98 \ubc29\uc548<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04(Confidence Intervals) \ubcf4\uace0:<\/strong> \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc720\uc758\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80(p &lt; .05)\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130 \ucd94\uc815\uce58\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad6c\uac04\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \uc815\ubc00\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc88b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc774\ubd84\ubc95\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0 \uc9c0\uc591:<\/strong> &#8220;\uc720\uc758\ud558\ub2e4\/\uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub2e4&#8221;\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc815\ud655\ud55c p-\uac12\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0\ud558\uace0 \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30\ub97c \ub17c\uc758\ud558\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uad00\ub828 \uac00\uc815 (Data-Related Assumptions)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1. \uad00\uce21\uce58\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131 (Independence of Observations)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>SEM\uc758 \ucd94\uc815\ubc95\uc740 \uc810\uc218\ub4e4\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uad50\uc721\ud559\uc801 \uc704\ubc18 \uc0ac\ub840:<\/strong> \ud55c \ud559\uae09\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 \uac19\uc740 \ub2f4\uc784 \uad50\uc0ac, \uac19\uc740 \uad50\uc2e4 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc131\uc801\uc774\ub098 \ud0dc\ub3c4\uac00 \ube44\uc2b7\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uad70\uc9d1\ud654). \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131 \uac00\uc815\uc774 \uc704\ubc30\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud574\uacb0:<\/strong> \uc774\ub7f4 \ub54c\ub294 <strong>\ub2e4\uc218\uc900 SEM (Multilevel SEM)<\/strong>\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. (jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c R\uc758 <code>lavaan.survey<\/code>\ub098 Mplus \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2. \ub2e4\ubcc0\ub7c9 \uc815\uaddc\uc131 (Multivariate Normality)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac00\uc7a5 \ub110\ub9ac \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \ucd94\uc815\ubc95\uc778 <strong>\ucd5c\ub300\uc6b0\ub3c4\ubc95(ML, Maximum Likelihood)<\/strong>\uc740 \ub0b4\uc0dd\ubcc0\uc218\ub4e4\uc774 \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \ub2e4\ubcc0\ub7c9 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \ub530\ub978\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uad50\uc721\ud559\uc801 \uc704\ubc18 \uc0ac\ub840:<\/strong> &#8216;\ud559\uad50 \ud3ed\ub825 \uacbd\ud5d8 \ud69f\uc218&#8217;\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubcc0\uc218\ub294 \ub300\ub2e4\uc218 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 &#8216;0&#8217;\uc774\uace0 \uc18c\uc218\ub9cc \ub192\uc740 \uc810\uc218\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\ubbc0\ub85c \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \uc2ec\uac01\ud558\uac8c \uc704\ubc30\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud574\uacb0 (Robust FIML):<\/strong> \uc815\uaddc\uc131\uc774 \uae68\uc9c4 \uacbd\uc6b0, ML \ub300\uc2e0 <strong>\ub85c\ubc84\uc2a4\ud2b8(Robust) ML<\/strong> \ucd94\uc815\uce58\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud45c\uc900\uc624\ucc28\uc640 \ubaa8\ub378 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc218\ub97c \uad50\uc815\ud574 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>jamovi Tip:<\/em> SEMLj \ubaa8\ub4c8 \uc635\uc158\uc5d0\uc11c <code>Estimator<\/code>\ub97c <code>MLR<\/code> (Robust Maximum Likelihood)\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3. \ucc99\ub3c4\uc758 \uc5f0\uc18d\uc131: \ub9ac\ucee4\ud2b8(Likert) \ucc99\ub3c4 \uc774\uc288<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad50\uc721 \uc2ec\ub9ac \uac80\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c &#8220;\ub9e4\uc6b0 \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4(5\uc810)&#8221; ~ &#8220;\uc804\ud600 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4(1\uc810)&#8221;\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub9ac\ucee4\ud2b8 \ucc99\ub3c4\ub97c \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc5f0\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc744\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uae30\uc900:<\/strong> \uc120\ud0dd\uc9c0\uac00 <strong>6\uac1c \uc774\uc0c1<\/strong>\uc774\uace0 \ubd84\ud3ec\uac00 \ub300\uce6d\uc5d0 \uac00\uae5d\ub2e4\uba74 \uc5f0\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \ucde8\uae09\ud574\ub3c4 \ud070 \ubb34\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc8fc\uc758:<\/strong> \uc120\ud0dd\uc9c0\uac00 <strong>5\uac1c \uc774\ud558<\/strong>\uc774\uac70\ub098 \ubd84\ud3ec\uac00 \uc2ec\ud558\uac8c \uce58\uc6b0\uce5c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc774\ub97c \uc5f0\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uba74 \ud45c\uc900\uc624\ucc28 \ud3b8\ud5a5 \ub4f1\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud574\uacb0:<\/strong> \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 <strong>\ubc94\uc8fc\ud615 CFA (Categorical CFA)<\/strong>\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uba70, <strong>WLSMV (Robust Weighted Least Squares)<\/strong> \ucd94\uc815\ubc95\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc88b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \uacb0\uce21 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uac00\uc815 (Missing Data Assumptions)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ube60\uc9c4 \uacbd\uc6b0(\uacb0\uce21), \uacfc\uac70\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uadf8 \ucf00\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \uc0ad\uc81c(Listwise Deletion)\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 <strong>MCAR(\uc644\uc804 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \uacb0\uce21)<\/strong>\uc77c \ub54c\ub9cc \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MAR (\ubb34\uc791\uc704 \uacb0\uce21):<\/strong> \uacb0\uce21\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad00\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc608: \uc131\uc801 \ub0ae\uc740 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc6b0\uc6b8 \uac80\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc751\ub2f5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c, \ub2e8 \uc131\uc801 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \uc788\uc74c).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ud604\ub300\uc801 \uae30\ubc95(FIML, \ub2e4\uc911\ub300\uccb4)\uc740 MAR\uc744 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MNAR (\ube44\ubb34\uc791\uc704 \uacb0\uce21):<\/strong> \uacb0\uce21 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uacb0\uce21\ub41c \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uac12 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc608: \ub108\ubb34 \uc6b0\uc6b8\ud574\uc11c \uc6b0\uc6b8 \uac80\uc0ac\ub97c \ubabb\ud568).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jamovi\/R \ud65c\uc6a9:<\/strong> <code>FIML<\/code> (Full Information Maximum Likelihood) \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \uacb0\uce21\uce58\uac00 \uc788\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ucd94\uc815\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc0ad\uc81c\ubc95\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \uc6b0\uc218\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \ubc29\ud5a5\uc131 \ubc0f \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \uac00\uc815 (Directionality Assumptions)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>SEM\uc5d0\uc11c \ud654\uc0b4\ud45c(<math data-latex=\"X \\rightarrow Y\"><semantics><mrow><mi>X<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mi>Y<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">X \\rightarrow Y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub97c \uadf8\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc740 X\uac00 Y\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774\ub77c\ub294 <strong>\uac00\uc815<\/strong>\uc774\uc9c0, \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uc778\uacfc\uc131\uc744 \uc785\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1. \ub4f1\uac00 \ubaa8\ub378 (Equivalent Models)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uac1c\ub150:<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"X \\rightarrow Y\"><semantics><mrow><mi>X<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mi>Y<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">X \\rightarrow Y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \ubaa8\ub378\uacfc <math data-latex=\"Y \\rightarrow X\"><semantics><mrow><mi>Y<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mi>X<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Y \\rightarrow X<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4\uac00 \uc218\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uad50\uc721 \uc608\uc2dc:<\/strong> &#8220;\uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uc774 \ub192\uc544\uc11c \uc131\uc801\uc774 \uc62c\ub790\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 &#8220;\uc131\uc801\uc774 \ub192\uc544\uc11c \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uc774 \uc62c\ub790\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uacfc \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\uc774 \uc548 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud574\uacb0:<\/strong> \ud1b5\uacc4 \uc218\uce58\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc, \uc774\ub860\uc801 \ubc30\uacbd\uc774\ub098 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc124\uacc4(\uc608: \uc885\ub2e8 \uc5f0\uad6c)\ub85c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc131\uc744 \uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2. \ub9e4\uac1c\ud6a8\uacfc (Mediation)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub9e4\uac1c(<math data-latex=\"X \\rightarrow M \\rightarrow Y\"><semantics><mrow><mi>X<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mi>M<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mi>Y<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">X \\rightarrow M \\rightarrow Y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc2dc\uac04\uc801 \uc120\ud589\uc131\uc774 \ud544\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uac00\uc815:<\/strong> \uc6d0\uc778(X)\uc740 \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218(M)\ubcf4\ub2e4, \ub9e4\uac1c\ubcc0\uc218(M)\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc(Y)\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc2dc\uac04\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc55e\uc11c\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacbd\uace0:<\/strong> \ud6a1\ub2e8 \uc5f0\uad6c(\ud55c \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c \ubc88 \uc870\uc0ac) \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \ub9e4\uac1c\ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uac80\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc870\uc2ec\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6cc\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \ub9ce\uc740 \uac00\uc815\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \uce21\uc815 \uac00\uc815 (Measurement Assumptions)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1. \ubc18\uc601 \uc9c0\ud45c (Reflective) vs. \uc870\ud615 \uc9c0\ud45c (Formative)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud754\ud788 \uc4f0\ub294 \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 <strong>\ubc18\uc601 \uc9c0\ud45c(Reflective)<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub378\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4 (<math data-latex=\"Latent \\rightarrow Indicators\"><semantics><mrow><mi>L<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mi>e<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mi>I<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><mi>d<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mi>o<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Latent \\rightarrow Indicators<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uac00\uc815:<\/strong> \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \ubcc0\ud558\uba74 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc9c0\ud45c\uac00 \ud568\uaed8 \ubcc0\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc9c0\ud45c\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac\ub294 \ub192\uc740 \uc0c1\uad00\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub300\uc548(\uc870\ud615 \uc9c0\ud45c):<\/strong> <strong>\uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704(SES)<\/strong>\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \ubd80\ubaa8\uc758 \uc18c\ub4dd\uacfc \uad50\uc721\uc218\uc900\uc774 \ud569\uccd0\uc838\uc11c SES\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4(<math data-latex=\"Indicators \\rightarrow Composite\"><semantics><mrow><mi>I<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><mi>d<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><mi>c<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mi>o<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\">\u2192<\/mo><mi>C<\/mi><mi>o<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mi>o<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mi>e<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Indicators \\rightarrow Composite<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>). \uc18c\ub4dd\uc774 \ub192\ub2e4\uace0 \uad50\uc721\uc218\uc900\uc774 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ub192\uc740 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uc0c1\uad00\uc774 \ub0ae\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c). \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc870\ud615 \uc9c0\ud45c(Formative) \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">[\uc2e4\uc2b5] Jamovi &amp; R\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uac00\uc815 \uc810\uac80 \ubc0f \ubd84\uc11d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub3d5\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624: \uad50\uc0ac \uc9c0\uc9c0\uc640 \ud559\uc5c5 \uc18c\uc9c4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc5f0\uad6c \uc8fc\uc81c:<\/strong> \uc911\ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc9c0\uac01\ud55c <strong>\uad50\uc0ac \uc9c0\uc9c0(Teacher Support)<\/strong>\uac00 <strong>\ud559\uc5c5\uc801 \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10(Self-Efficacy)<\/strong>\uc744 \ub9e4\uac1c\ub85c <strong>\ud559\uc5c5 \uc18c\uc9c4(Burnout)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubcc0\uc218:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>TS<\/code> (\uad50\uc0ac \uc9c0\uc9c0): 5\uc810 \ub9ac\ucee4\ud2b8, 4\ubb38\ud56d (\ubc18\uc601 \uc9c0\ud45c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>SE<\/code> (\uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10): 5\uc810 \ub9ac\ucee4\ud2b8, 4\ubb38\ud56d (\ubc18\uc601 \uc9c0\ud45c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>BO<\/code> (\ud559\uc5c5 \uc18c\uc9c4): 5\uc810 \ub9ac\ucee4\ud2b8, 4\ubb38\ud56d (\ubc18\uc601 \uc9c0\ud45c)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud2b9\uc131:<\/strong> \ud604\uc2e4\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \ube44\uc815\uaddc\uc131\uacfc \uacb0\uce21\uce58\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. R\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jamovi\ub294 \uc790\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc57d\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud55c \ud6c4 CSV\ub85c \uc800\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec Jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\ubb3c\ub860 R\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d\ub3c4 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ub85c\ub4dc\nif(!require(MASS)) install.packages(\"MASS\")\nif(!require(lavaan)) install.packages(\"lavaan\")\n\nset.seed(1228) # \uc7ac\ud604 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc2dc\ub4dc \uc124\uc815\n\n# 1. \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30 \uc124\uc815 (N=300)\nN &lt;- 300\n\n# 2. \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4 \uc124\uc815 (\uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0 \ud589\ub82c)\n# TS -> SE (0.4), SE -> BO (-0.5), TS -> BO (-0.3) \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00 \uac00\uc815\nSigma &lt;- matrix(c(1.0, 0.4, -0.4,\n                  0.4, 1.0, -0.5,\n                  -0.4, -0.5, 1.0), \n                nrow=3, ncol=3)\nmu &lt;- c(0, 0, 0)\n\n# \uc7a0\uc7ac\ubcc0\uc218 \uc810\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (\ub2e4\ubcc0\ub7c9 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec)\nLatentData &lt;- mvrnorm(n = N, mu = mu, Sigma = Sigma)\ncolnames(LatentData) &lt;- c(\"F_TS\", \"F_SE\", \"F_BO\")\n\n# 3. \uad00\uce21\ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (\uce21\uc815 \uc624\ucc28 \ud3ec\ud568)\n# \uc694\uc778\ubd80\ud558\ub7c9\uc740 \ub300\ub7b5 0.7~0.8\ub85c \uc124\uc815\n# 5\uc810 \ub9ac\ucee4\ud2b8 \ucc99\ub3c4\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658 (Rounding \ubc0f \uc808\ub2e8)\n\nmake_item &lt;- function(latent, loading, error_sd) {\n  raw &lt;- loading * latent + rnorm(N, 0, error_sd)\n  # 5\uc810 \ucc99\ub3c4\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658 (\ud3c9\uade0 3, \ud45c\uc900\ud3b8\ucc28 1 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \uc774\ub3d9 \ud6c4 \ubc18\uc62c\ub9bc)\n  scaled &lt;- round(raw + 3)\n  scaled&#91;scaled &lt; 1] &lt;- 1\n  scaled&#91;scaled > 5] &lt;- 5\n  return(scaled)\n}\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784 \uc0dd\uc131\nData &lt;- data.frame(id = 1:N)\n\n# \ubb38\ud56d \uc0dd\uc131\nfor(i in 1:4) Data&#91;paste0(\"TS\", i)] &lt;- make_item(LatentData&#91;,\"F_TS\"], 0.8, 0.6)\nfor(i in 1:4) Data&#91;paste0(\"SE\", i)] &lt;- make_item(LatentData&#91;,\"F_SE\"], 0.7, 0.7)\nfor(i in 1:4) Data&#91;paste0(\"BO\", i)] &lt;- make_item(LatentData&#91;,\"F_BO\"], 0.75, 0.65)\n\n# 4. \uacb0\uce21\uce58(Missing Data) \uc0dd\uc131 (MAR \uc0c1\ud669 \uac00\uc815)\n# TS\uac00 \ub0ae\uc740 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 BO \uc751\ub2f5\uc744 \uc77c\ubd80 \ub204\ub77d\ud568\nlow_support &lt;- which(rowMeans(Data&#91;,2:5]) &lt; 2.5)\nData&#91;sample(low_support, 10), c(\"BO1\", \"BO2\")] &lt;- NA\n\n# 5. \ube44\uc815\uaddc\uc131 \ucd94\uac00 (BO4 \ubb38\ud56d\uc744 \ud3b8\ud3ec\ub418\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e6)\nData$BO4 &lt;- ifelse(Data$BO4 > 3, 5, Data$BO4) \n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud655\uc778\nhead(Data)\nwrite.csv(Data, \"mock_education_data.csv\", row.names = FALSE) # \ud30c\uc77c\ub85c \uc800\uc7a5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-34113107-96a4-4aa5-b52b-eb7d22f62b93\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/chap07.csv\">chap07<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/chap07.csv\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-34113107-96a4-4aa5-b52b-eb7d22f62b93\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Jamovi (SEMLj) \ubd84\uc11d \uc808\ucc28 \ubc0f \uac00\uc815 \uc810\uac80<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c <code>mock_education_data.csv<\/code>\ub97c Jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd84\uc11d\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub2e8\uacc4 1: \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud0d0\uc0c9 \ubc0f \uac00\uc815 \uc810\uac80 (Descriptive)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ube48\ub3c4\ubd84\uc11d:<\/strong><code>Exploration<\/code> > <code>Descriptives<\/code>\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uc65c\ub3c4(Skewness)\uc640 \ucca8\ub3c4(Kurtosis)\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>\uc810\uac80:<\/em> \uc65c\ub3c4\uc758 \uc808\ub313\uac12\uc774 2, \ucca8\ub3c4\uac00 7\uc744 \ub118\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4 (West et al., 1995 \uae30\uc900). \uc6b0\ub9ac \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 <code>BO4<\/code>\ub294 \uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc65c\uace1\uc2dc\ucf30\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ub192\uac8c \ub098\uc62c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacb0\uce21\uce58 \ud655\uc778:<\/strong> <code>Missing<\/code> \ud1b5\uacc4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uacb0\uce21 \ube44\uc728\uc744 \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub2e8\uacc4 2: \ubaa8\ud615 \uc124\uc815 (SEMLj &gt; Structural Equation Models)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Measurement Model (\uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ud615):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Latent variables \uc815\uc758:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>TeacherSupport =~ TS1 + TS2 + TS3 + TS4<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>SelfEfficacy =~ SE1 + SE2 + SE3 + SE4<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Burnout =~ BO1 + BO2 + BO3 + BO4<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Structural Model (\uad6c\uc870 \ubaa8\ud615):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>SelfEfficacy ~ TeacherSupport<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Burnout ~ TeacherSupport + SelfEfficacy<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub2e8\uacc4 3: \ucd94\uc815 \ubc29\ubc95(Estimator) \uc120\ud0dd &#8211; <strong>\ud575\uc2ec!<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uc7a5\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc778 <strong>\uac00\uc815 \uc704\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\ucc98<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0:<\/strong> <code>Estimation Method<\/code>\ub97c <code>Maximum Likelihood (ML)<\/code>\ub85c \ub461\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ube44\uc815\uaddc\uc131 \ubc1c\uacac \uc2dc (<code>BO4<\/code> \ubb38\uc81c):<\/strong> \uc635\uc158\uc744 <code>Robust ML (MLR)<\/code> \ud639\uc740 <code>Robust standard errors<\/code>\ub85c \ubcc0\uacbd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\ubcc0\ub7c9 \uc815\uaddc\uc131 \uac00\uc815\uc774 \uae68\uc84c\uc744 \ub54c \ud45c\uc900\uc624\ucc28\ub97c \uad50\uc815\ud574 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacb0\uce21\uce58 \ucc98\ub9ac:<\/strong> <code>Missing Data Handling<\/code> \uc635\uc158\uc5d0\uc11c <code>FIML<\/code>\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uacb0\uce21 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0ad\uc81c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ucd5c\ub300\ud55c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub2e8\uacc4 4: \uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d \uc2dc \uc8fc\uc758\uc810 (\uac00\uc815 \uac80\uc99d)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubaa8\ub378 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4:<\/strong> CFI, TLI, RMSEA\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub418, \ub4f1\uac00 \ubaa8\ub378(Equivalent Models)\uc758 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc5fc\ub450\uc5d0 \ub461\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \uc798 \ub9de\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc11c \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc99d\uba85\ub41c \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub9e4\uac1c\ud6a8\uacfc:<\/strong> \uac04\uc811\ud6a8\uacfc(Indirect effect)\uac00 \uc720\uc758\ud558\uac8c \ub098\uc624\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ud6a1\ub2e8 \uc5f0\uad6c(Cross-sectional)\uc784\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uace0, \uc778\uacfc\uc801 \uacb0\ub860\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 &#8220;\uad00\ub828\uc131&#8221; \ud639\uc740 &#8220;\ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ubd80\ud569\ud568&#8221; \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc870\uc2ec\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \uae30\uc220\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \uacb0\ub860 \ubc0f \uc81c\uc5b8 (Next Steps)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uc7a5\uc744 \ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac\ud558\uba70, \ud074\ub77c\uc778(Kline) \uad50\uc218\uac00 \uac15\uc870\ud55c \ud575\uc2ec\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc0c8\uaca8\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacb8\uc190\ud568:<\/strong> \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc77c \ubfd0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uac00\uc815\uc758 \uba85\uc2dc:<\/strong> \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \uc4f8 \ub54c, \uacb0\uce21\uce58\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud588\ub294\uc9c0, \uc815\uaddc\uc131\uc740 \uc810\uac80\ud588\ub294\uc9c0, \uc65c \uc774 \ucd94\uc815\ubc95(Robust ML \ub4f1)\uc744 \uc37c\ub294\uc9c0 \ud22c\uba85\ud558\uac8c \ubc1d\ud788\uc2ed\uc2dc\uc624.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kline, R. B. (2016). <em>Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.)<\/em>. New York: Guilford Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84. \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM) \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc810\uac80\ud574\uc57c \ud560 &#8216;\uac00\uc815(Assumptions)&#8217;\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub904\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub123\uace0, &#8216;\uc2e4\ud589(Run)&#8217; \ubc84\ud2bc\uc744 \ub204\ub974\ub294 \ub370 \uae09\uae09\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub809\uc2a4 \ud074\ub77c\uc778(Rex B. Kline)\uc774 \uc778\uc6a9\ud55c \uc568\ub7f0 \uc54c\ub2e4(Alan Alda)\uc758 \ub9d0\ucc98\ub7fc, &#8220;\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uac00\uc815\uc740 \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc14\ub77c\ubcf4\ub294 \ucc3d\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\ub054 \ub2e6\uc544\ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \ube5b\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4&#8221;. \uac00\uc815\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uba3c\uc9c0 \ub080 <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=559\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[300],"tags":[307,166,306,301],"class_list":["post-559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sem","tag-kline","tag-sem","tag-306","tag-301"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chap 07. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM)\uc758 \uac00\uc815\uacfc \uc2e4\uc81c - WaurimaL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=559\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chap 07. \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM)\uc758 \uac00\uc815\uacfc \uc2e4\uc81c - WaurimaL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84. \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615(SEM) \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc810\uac80\ud574\uc57c \ud560 &#8216;\uac00\uc815(Assumptions)&#8217;\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub2e4\ub904\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub123\uace0, &#8216;\uc2e4\ud589(Run)&#8217; \ubc84\ud2bc\uc744 \ub204\ub974\ub294 \ub370 \uae09\uae09\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub809\uc2a4 \ud074\ub77c\uc778(Rex B. 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