{"id":601,"date":"2025-12-30T11:40:48","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T02:40:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=601"},"modified":"2025-12-30T11:40:51","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T02:40:51","slug":"chap-18-%ec%9d%b4%ec%9a%94%ec%9d%b8bifactor-%ec%b8%a1%ec%a0%95-%eb%aa%a8%eb%8d%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=601","title":{"rendered":"Chap 18. \uc774\uc694\uc778(Bifactor) \uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc774\ubc88\uc5d4 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 <strong>\uc774\uc694\uc778 \uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378(Bifactor Measurement Models)<\/strong>\uc758 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud0d0\uad6c\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uae30\uc069\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 1930\ub144\ub300 \ud640\uc9d5\uac70(Holzinger)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucc98\uc74c \uc81c\uc548\ub41c \uc774\ud6c4, \ucd5c\uadfc 10\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774 \uc2ec\ub9ac \ubc0f \uad50\uc721 \uce21\uc815 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\uc57d\uc801\uc778 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \uad6c\uc778\uc774 &#8216;\uc704\uacc4\uc801&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc11c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubcf8 \uac15\uc758 \ub178\ud2b8\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uae30\ucd08\ubd80\ud130 \uc2e4\ubb34\uc801\uc778 \ubd84\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95\uae4c\uc9c0, \uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc608\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc0c1\uc138\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uae30\ucd08: \uc65c \uc774\uc694\uc778(Bifactor)\uc778\uac00?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uad6c\uc778(Construct)\uc740 \ubcf5\ud569\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, &#8216;\ud559\uc5c5\uc801 \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10&#8217;\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud560 \ub54c \uc774\ub294 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uc2e0\uac10\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uacfc\ubaa9\ubcc4(\uad6d\uc5b4, \uc218\ud559, \uc601\uc5b4) \ud2b9\uc218\uc131\ub3c4 \ud568\uaed8 \ud3ec\ud568\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud575\uc2ec \uc6d0\ub9ac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uae30\uc5b5\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uad6c\uc778\uc758 \uc704\uacc4\uc131<\/strong>: \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \uad6c\uc778\uc740 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \uc218\uc900(\uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uc778)\ubd80\ud130 \uc881\uc740 \uc218\uc900(\uc9d1\ub2e8 \uc694\uc778)\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc704\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubd84\uc0b0\uc758 \ubd84\ud560<\/strong>: \uac1c\ubcc4 \ubb38\ud56d\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc740 \ub124 \uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ub098\ub269\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc77c\ubc18 \ubd84\uc0b0(General)<\/strong>: \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubb38\ud56d\uc774 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294 \uac83.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc9d1\ub2e8 \ubd84\uc0b0(Group)<\/strong>: \ud2b9\uc815 \ud558\uc704 \ubb38\ud56d\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac\ub9cc \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294 \uac83.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud2b9\uc218 \ubd84\uc0b0(Specific)<\/strong>: \ud574\ub2f9 \ubb38\ud56d\ub9cc\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ubd84\uc0b0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc624\ucc28 \ubd84\uc0b0(Error)<\/strong>: \ube44\uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ubd84\uc0b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \ud0d0\uc0c9\uc801 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378 (Exploratory Bifactor Models)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud0d0\uc0c9\uc801 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac01 \ubb38\ud56d\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uc694\uc778\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \ubd80\ud558(load)\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \uc8fc\uc694 \ubd84\uc11d \uc811\uadfc\ubc95<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Schmid-Leiman (SL) \ud574\ubc95<\/strong>: \uc0c1\uad00 \uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc9c1\uad50\ud654(orthogonalization)\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\uc694\uc778 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc804\uc801 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uad50\ucc28 \ubd80\ud558\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uc778\uc744 \uacfc\ub300\ucd94\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jennrich-Bentler (JB) \ud574\ubc95<\/strong>: \ubd84\uc11d\uc801 \ud68c\uc804(Analytic rotation)\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc9c1\uc811 \ubc29\ubc95 (DSL, DBI)<\/strong>: \ud0c0\uac9f \ud589\ub82c\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc720\ud074\ub9ac\ub4dc \uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ud574\ub97c \ucc3e\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \ud655\uc778\uc801 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378 (Confirmatory Bifactor Models)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucd5c\uadfc \ud559\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 &#8220;\uc774\uc694\uc778 \uc5f4\ud48d(bifactor mania)&#8221;\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9b4 \ub9cc\ud07c \uc774 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uae30\uc874\uc758 2\ucc28(Second-order) \ubaa8\ub378\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4\uac00 \ub354 \uc88b\uac8c \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \uc8fc\uc758\ud560 \uc810: &#8220;\uc801\ud569\ub3c4\uac00 \ub192\ub2e4\uace0 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc88b\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc778\uac00?&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub9ce\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uc2b9\ub9ac\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ub2f9\ubd80\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubcf5\uc7a1\uc131 \uc218\uc6a9<\/strong>: \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ub0b4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc18c\ud55c \ubcf5\uc7a1\uc131(\uc791\uc740 \uad50\ucc28 \ubd80\ud558 \ub4f1)\uc744 \ub354 \uc798 \ud761\uc218\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4\uac00 \uc778\uc704\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub192\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ud568\uc815<\/strong>: \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ubb34\uc791\uc704\ub85c \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c \ub178\uc774\uc988 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc870\ucc28 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubaa8\ub378\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc798 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8<\/strong>: \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ucd94\ucd9c\ub41c &#8216;\uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uc778&#8217;\uacfc &#8216;\uc9d1\ub2e8 \uc694\uc778&#8217;\uc774 \uac1c\ub150\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac16\ub294\uc9c0 \ud574\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud6e8\uc52c \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \uad50\uc721 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uac00\uc0c1 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc2e4\uc2b5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc720\uc6a9\uc131\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 <strong>&#8216;\ucc3d\uc758\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\ud574\uacb0 \uc5ed\ub7c9 \uac80\uc0ac&#8217;<\/strong> \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uac00\uc815\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>[\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac \ubc30\uacbd]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A \uad50\uc721\uccad\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc911\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 &#8216;\ucc3d\uc758\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\ud574\uacb0\ub825&#8217;\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 15\ubb38\ud56d\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \ucc99\ub3c4\ub97c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 (1) \uc720\ucc3d\uc131, (2) \uc735\ud1b5\uc131, (3) \ub3c5\ucc3d\uc131\uc774\ub77c\ub294 3\uac1c\uc758 \ud558\uc704 \uc694\uc778\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubb38\ud56d\uc740 \uad81\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub098\uc758 &#8216;\uc77c\ubc18 \ucc3d\uc758\uc131&#8217;\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \ubc0f \ubd84\uc11d (jamovi &amp; R)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi\uc758 <code>jmv<\/code> \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\ub098 <code>lavaan<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># R\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uc774\uc694\uc778 CFA \uc608\uc2dc (lavaan \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0)\nlibrary(lavaan)\n\n# \ubaa8\ub378 \uc815\uc758: \uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uc778(G)\uacfc 3\uac1c\uc758 \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uc694\uc778(S1, S2, S3)\n# \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc694\uc778\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c \ub3c5\ub9bd(\uc9c1\uad50)\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud568\nbifactor_model &lt;- '\n  G  =~ q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 + q6 + q7 + q8 + q9 + q10 + q11 + q12 + q13 + q14 + q15\n  S1 =~ q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5\n  S2 =~ q6 + q7 + q8 + q9 + q10\n  S3 =~ q11 + q12 + q13 + q14 + q15\n  \n  # \uc694\uc778 \uac04 \uc0c1\uad00\uc744 0\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\uc815 (\uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uac00\uc815)\n  G ~~ 0*S1; G ~~ 0*S2; G ~~ 0*S3\n  S1 ~~ 0*S2; S1 ~~ 0*S3; S2 ~~ 0*S3\n'\n# jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 'SEMLj' \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc704 \uad6c\ubb38\uc744 \uc785\ub825\ud558\uc5ec \ubd84\uc11d \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \ud575\uc2ec \uc2ec\ub9ac\uce21\uc815 \uc9c0\ud45c (Bifactor Indices)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0\ud560 \ub54c \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4(<math data-latex=\"CFI\"><semantics><mrow><mi>C<\/mi><mi>F<\/mi><mi>I<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">CFI<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>, <math data-latex=\"RMSEA\"><semantics><mrow><mi>R<\/mi><mi>M<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><mi>E<\/mi><mi>A<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">RMSEA<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub9cc \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubd88\ucda9\ubd84\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c \uc9c0\ud45c\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ud3ec\ud568\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\uc9c0\ud45c\uba85<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\uc124\uba85<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\ud574\uc11d \uae30\uc900<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>ECV<\/strong> (Explained Common Variance)<\/td><td>\uc804\uccb4 \uacf5\ud1b5 \ubd84\uc0b0 \uc911 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uc778\uc774 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ube44\uc911<\/td><td>\uac12\uc774 \ud074\uc218\ub85d(\uc608: .70 \uc774\uc0c1) \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e8\uc77c\ucc28\uc6d0\uc784\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><math data-latex=\"\\omega_H\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03c9<\/mi><mi>H<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\omega_H<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> (Omega Hierarchical)<\/td><td>\ucd1d\uc810 \ubd84\uc0b0 \uc911 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uc778\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc124\uba85\ub418\ub294 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub3c4<\/td><td>.80 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774\uba74 \ud558\uc704 \uc694\uc778\uc774 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ucd1d\uc810\uc744 \ub2e8\uc77c \uc810\uc218\ub85c \ud574\uc11d \uac00\ub2a5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><math data-latex=\"\\omega_{HS}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03c9<\/mi><mrow><mi>H<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\omega_{HS}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> (Omega Hierarchical Subscale)<\/td><td>\uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uc778\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud55c \ud6c4 \ud558\uc704 \uc694\uc778\uc774 \uac00\uc9c4 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub3c4<\/td><td>\uc774 \uac12\uc774 \ub0ae\uc73c\uba74 \ud574\ub2f9 \ud558\uc704 \uc810\uc218(Subscale score)\ub97c \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0\ud560 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \uc57d\ud568<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \uc2e4\uc2b5 \uc608\uc2dc \ud574\uc11d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 &#8216;\ucc3d\uc758\uc131&#8217; \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math data-latex=\"\\omega_H = .85\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c9<\/mi><mi>H<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>.85<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\omega_H = .85<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \ucd1d\uc810\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \ub9cc\ud558\uba70, \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 &#8216;\uc77c\ubc18 \ucc3d\uc758\uc131&#8217;\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"\\omega_{HS} = .05\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c9<\/mi><mrow><mi>H<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mn>.05<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\omega_{HS} = .05<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: \uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uc778\uc744 \uc81c\uac70\ud558\uace0 \ub098\ub2c8 &#8216;\uc720\ucc3d\uc131&#8217;\uc774\ub098 &#8216;\ub3c5\ucc3d\uc131&#8217; \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \uace0\uc720 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacb0\ub860<\/strong>: \uc774 \uac80\uc0ac\ub294 \ud558\uc704 \uc810\uc218\ub97c \uac01\uac01 \ub9e4\uae30\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294, <strong>\ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \uc810\uc218\ub85c \ud559\uc0dd\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud6e8\uc52c \uc815\ud655<\/strong>\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubb38\ud56d\ubc18\uc751\uc774\ub860 (Bifactor IRT)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>IRT\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uac15\ub825\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ub2e8\uc77c\ucc28\uc6d0 IRT \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\uc218 \ucd94\uc815\uc758 \ud3b8\ud5a5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc870\uac74\ubd80 \uacbd\uc0ac(Conditional Slopes)<\/strong>: \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uc694\uc778\uc774 0\uc778 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubb38\ud56d \ubcc0\ubcc4\ub3c4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc8fc\ubcc0 \uacbd\uc0ac(Marginal Slopes)<\/strong>: \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uc694\uc778\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud569(integrating)\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc0b0\ud55c \ubcc0\ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c, \ub2e8\uc77c\ucc28\uc6d0 IRT \ubaa8\ub378\uacfc \uc9c1\uc811 \ube44\uad50 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub9cc\uc57d \ub2e8\uc77c\ucc28\uc6d0 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4 \ud568\uc218\uac00 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub192\uac8c \ub098\uc628\ub2e4\uba74, \uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\ucc28\uc6d0\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc815\ubcf4\ub7c9\uc774 \uacfc\ub300\ucd94\uc815\ub41c \uac83\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \uacb0\ub860 \ubc0f \uc81c\uc5b8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ub358\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#8220;\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ud558\uc704 \uc694\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc815\ub9d0\ub85c \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uac00, \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uc778\uc758 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc790\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud55c\uac00?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad50\uc721 \uce21\uc815 \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub85c\uc11c \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uaed8 \uad8c\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ubd84\uc11d \uc808\ucc28\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378 \ube44\uad50<\/strong>: \ub2e8\uc77c\ucc28\uc6d0, \uc0c1\uad00 \uc694\uc778, \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc801\ud569\uc2dc\ucf1c \ubcf4\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc9c0\ud45c \ubcf4\uace0<\/strong>: \uc801\ud569\ub3c4\uc5d0\ub9cc \ub9e4\ubab0\ub418\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uace0 <strong>ECV, <math data-latex=\"\\omega_H, \\omega_{HS}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c9<\/mi><mi>H<\/mi><\/msub><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03c9<\/mi><mrow><mi>H<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\omega_H, \\omega_{HS}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/strong>\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud558\uc704 \uc810\uc218\uc758 \uc720\uc6a9\uc131\uc744 \uac80\uc99d\ud558\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc774\ub860\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131<\/strong>: \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc801\ud569\ub3c4\uac00 \uc88b\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc11c \ubb34\uc870\uac74 \uc218\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uace0, \uc77c\ubc18 \uc694\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc81c\ub41c(cleansed) \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uc694\uc778\uc774 \uad50\uc721\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \uace0\ubbfc\ud558\uc138\uc694.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Abad, F. J., Garcia-Garzon, E., Garrido, L. E., &amp; Barrada, J. R. (2017). Iteration of partially specified target matrices: Application to the bi-factor case. <em>Multivariate Behavioral Research<\/em>, <em>52<\/em>(4), 416\u2013429.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bonifay, W., &amp; Cai, L. (2017). On the complexity of item response theory models. <em>Multivariate Behavioral Research<\/em>, <em>52<\/em>(4), 465\u2013484.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jennrich, R. I., &amp; Bentler, P. M. (2011). Exploratory bi-factor analysis. <em>Psychometrika<\/em>, <em>76<\/em>(4), 537\u2013549.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reise, S. P. (2012). The rediscovery of bifactor measurement models. <em>Multivariate Behavioral Research<\/em>, <em>47<\/em>(5), 667\u2013696.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rodriguez, A., Reise, S. P., &amp; Haviland, M. G. (2016). Applying bifactor statistical indices in the evaluation of psychological measures. <em>Journal of Personality Assessment<\/em>, <em>98<\/em>(3), 223\u2013237.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Schmid, J., &amp; Leiman, J. M. (1957). The development of hierarchical factor solutions. <em>Psychometrika<\/em>, <em>22<\/em>(1), 53\u201361.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Waller, N. G. (2018). Direct Schmid-Leiman transformations and rank-deficient loadings matrices. <em>Psychometrika<\/em>, <em>83<\/em>(4), 858\u2013870.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc774\ubc88\uc5d4 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378(Bifactor Measurement Models)\uc758 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud0d0\uad6c\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uae30\uc069\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 1930\ub144\ub300 \ud640\uc9d5\uac70(Holzinger)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucc98\uc74c \uc81c\uc548\ub41c \uc774\ud6c4, \ucd5c\uadfc 10\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774 \uc2ec\ub9ac \ubc0f \uad50\uc721 \uce21\uc815 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\uc57d\uc801\uc778 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \uad6c\uc778\uc774 &#8216;\uc704\uacc4\uc801&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc11c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8 \uac15\uc758 \ub178\ud2b8\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uae30\ucd08\ubd80\ud130 <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=601\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[300],"tags":[335,338,337,166,336,301,334],"class_list":["post-601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sem","tag-bifactor","tag-ecv","tag-jb-","tag-sem","tag-sl-","tag-301","tag-334"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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WaurimaL","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=601","og_locale":"ko_KR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Chap 18. \uc774\uc694\uc778(Bifactor) \uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378 - WaurimaL","og_description":"\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc774\ubc88\uc5d4 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378(Bifactor Measurement Models)\uc758 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud0d0\uad6c\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uae30\uc069\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 1930\ub144\ub300 \ud640\uc9d5\uac70(Holzinger)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucc98\uc74c \uc81c\uc548\ub41c \uc774\ud6c4, \ucd5c\uadfc 10\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774 \uc2ec\ub9ac \ubc0f \uad50\uc721 \uce21\uc815 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\uc57d\uc801\uc778 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \uad6c\uc778\uc774 &#8216;\uc704\uacc4\uc801&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc11c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8 \uac15\uc758 \ub178\ud2b8\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uae30\ucd08\ubd80\ud130 Read more","og_url":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=601","og_site_name":"WaurimaL","article_published_time":"2025-12-30T02:40:48+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-30T02:40:51+00:00","author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\uae00\uc4f4\uc774":"admin","\uc608\uc0c1 \ub418\ub294 \ud310\ub3c5 \uc2dc\uac04":"5\ubd84"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=601#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=601"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/#\/schema\/person\/e761145380f742e758f3c58f1607b704"},"headline":"Chap 18. \uc774\uc694\uc778(Bifactor) \uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378","datePublished":"2025-12-30T02:40:48+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-30T02:40:51+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=601"},"wordCount":205,"keywords":["bifactor","ECV","JB \ud574\ubc95","SEM","SL \ud574\ubc95","\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd","\uc774\uc694\uc778\ubaa8\ub378"],"articleSection":["\uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd"],"inLanguage":"ko-KR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=601","url":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=601","name":"Chap 18. \uc774\uc694\uc778(Bifactor) \uce21\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378 - 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