{"id":603,"date":"2025-12-30T11:56:45","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T02:56:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=603"},"modified":"2025-12-30T11:56:47","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T02:56:47","slug":"chap-19-%eb%8b%a4%ec%a4%91%ed%8a%b9%ec%84%b1-%eb%8b%a4%ec%a4%91%eb%b0%a9%eb%b2%95mtmm-multitrait-multimethod-%eb%aa%a8%eb%8d%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=603","title":{"rendered":"Chap 19. \ub2e4\uc911\ud2b9\uc131-\ub2e4\uc911\ubc29\ubc95(MTMM; Multitrait-Multimethod) \ubaa8\ub378"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 <strong>\ub2e4\uc911\ud2b9\uc131-\ub2e4\uc911\ubc29\ubc95(MTMM; Multitrait-Multimethod) \ubaa8\ub378<\/strong>\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud0d0\uad6c\ud558\ub824 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 &#8216;\uc790\uae30\ud1b5\uc81c\ub825&#8217;\uc774\ub098 &#8216;\ucc3d\uc758\uc131&#8217; \uac19\uc740 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud560 \ub54c, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud754\ud788 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc124\ubb38\uc9c0\ub9cc\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uace4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \ub2f5\ubcc0(\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0), \uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uad00\ucc30, \ud559\ubd80\ubaa8\uc758 \ud3c9\uac00\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4\uba74 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc9c4\uc9dc\uc77c\uae4c\uc694? \uc774 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub2f5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 1959\ub144 \ucea0\ubca8(Campbell)\uacfc \ud53c\uc2a4\ud06c(Fiske)\uac00 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c MTMM\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ucc55\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1(SEM)\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec MTMM \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \ucd5c\uc2e0 \uae30\ubc95\ub4e4\uc744 \uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \uc0ac\ub840\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc544\uc8fc \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. MTMM\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uac1c\ub150: \uc218\ub834 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ub3c4\uc640 \ud310\ubcc4 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ub3c4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>MTMM\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \uba85\ud655\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uce21\uc815\ud55c \uc810\uc218\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c \uce21\uc815\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 <strong>&#8216;\ud2b9\uc131(Trait)&#8217;<\/strong> \ub54c\ubb38\uc778\uc9c0, \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uce21\uc815\ud55c <strong>&#8216;\ubc29\ubc95(Method)&#8217;<\/strong> \ub54c\ubb38\uc778\uc9c0\ub97c \uac00\ub824\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc218\ub834 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ub3c4(Convergent Validity):<\/strong> \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ubc95(\uc608: \uad50\uc0ac \uad00\ucc30, \ud559\uc0dd \uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0)\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131(\uc608: \uc131\uc2e4\uc131)\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud588\uc744 \ub54c, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc77c\uce58\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud310\ubcc4 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ub3c4(Discriminant Validity):<\/strong> \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud2b9\uc131(\uc608: \uc131\uc2e4\uc131\uacfc \uc678\ud5a5\uc131)\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud588\uc744 \ub54c, \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uad6c\ubcc4\ub418\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \ubc29\ubc95 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ub108\ubb34 \ud06c\uba74, \uc131\uc2e4\uc131\uacfc \uc678\ud5a5\uc131\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978\ub370\ub3c4 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uac19\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>[WaurimaL\uc758 \ud301]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c &#8216;\uc218\uc5c5 \ud0dc\ub3c4&#8217;\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud560 \ub54c, \ud559\uc0dd\uc740 \uae0d\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2f5\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uad50\uc0ac\ub294 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud3c9\uac00\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \ub450 \uc810\uc218 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00\uc774 \ub192\ub2e4\uba74 &#8216;\uc218\ub834 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ub3c4&#8217;\uac00 \ud655\ubcf4\ub41c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74, \uad50\uc0ac\uac00 \ud55c \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 &#8216;\uc218\uc5c5 \ud0dc\ub3c4&#8217;\uc640 &#8216;\uad50\uc6b0 \uad00\uacc4&#8217;\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 \uc88b\uac8c \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74, \uc774\ub294 \ud2b9\uc131\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uad50\uc0ac\uc758 &#8216;\uad00\ub300\ud568&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95 \ud6a8\uacfc(Method Effect)\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ube44\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131 \ubaa8\ub378: \uad6c\uc870\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \uc124\uacc4\ub294 <strong>\uad6c\uc870\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ubc95(Structurally Different Methods)<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ud55c \ud559\uc0dd\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud560 \ub54c &#8216;\ud559\uc0dd \ubcf8\uc778&#8217;, &#8216;\ub2f4\uc784 \uad50\uc0ac&#8217;, &#8216;\ud559\ubd80\ubaa8&#8217;\uac00 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uac01\uae30 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc5ed\ud560\uacfc \uad00\uc810\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uace0\uc815\ub41c \ud3c9\uac00\uc790 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1. \uc0c1\uad00 \ud2b9\uc131-\uc0c1\uad00 \ubc29\ubc95(CTCM) \ubaa8\ub378<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac00\uc7a5 \uace0\uc804\uc801\uc778 CFA \uae30\ubc18 MTMM \ubaa8\ub378\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud2b9\uc131 \uc694\uc778(Trait Factor):<\/strong> \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubb38\ud56d\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubc29\ubc95 \uc694\uc778(Method Factor):<\/strong> \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95(\ud3c9\uac00\uc790)\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubb38\ud56d\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 <strong>\uc218\ub834 \uc2e4\ud328(Convergence problems)<\/strong>\ub098 <strong>\uc74c\uc218 \ubd84\uc0b0(Heywood cases)<\/strong> \uac19\uc740 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uacb0\ud568\uc774 \uc790\uc8fc \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc778 \ub2e8\uc810\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc81c\uc548\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 <strong>CTC(M-1) \ubaa8\ub378<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2. CTC(M-1) \ubaa8\ub378: \uae30\uc900 \ubc29\ubc95\uc758 \ub3c4\uc785<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 <strong>&#8216;\uae30\uc900(Reference)&#8217;<\/strong>\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud558\uace0, \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4\uc744 \uc774 \uae30\uc900\uacfc \ube44\uad50\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad50\uc721 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubcf4\ud1b5 &#8216;\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0&#8217;\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uac70\ub098, \uac00\uc7a5 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ub418\ub294 &#8216;\ud45c\uc900\ud654 \uac80\uc0ac&#8217;\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc7a5\uc810:<\/strong> \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub354 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc774\uba70, \uae30\uc900 \ubc29\ubc95 \ub300\ube44 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\uc9c0\ub294 &#8216;\uace0\uc720\ud55c \uad00\uc810&#8217;\uc744 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\ucd9c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> \ubc29\ubc95 \uc694\uc778\uc758 \uc810\uc218\uac00 0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud06c\uba74 \uae30\uc900(\uc608: \uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0)\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud574\ub2f9 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uacfc\ub300\ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \uad50\uccb4 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4: \ub2e4\uce35 \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd(ML-CFA)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud559\uc0dd \ud55c \uba85\uc744 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uba85\uc758 \ub610\ub798 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a8\uae4c\uc694? \uc774\ub54c \uce5c\uad6c A, B, C\ub294 &#8216;\uce5c\uad6c&#8217;\ub77c\ub294 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc791\uc704\ub85c \ucd94\ucd9c\ub41c <strong>\uad50\uccb4 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95(Interchangeable Methods)<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 <strong>\ub2e4\uce35(Multilevel)<\/strong> \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac00\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1\uc218\uc900(Level 1; \ud3c9\uac00\uc790 \uc218\uc900):<\/strong> \uac1c\ubcc4 \ud3c9\uac00\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \ud3b8\ud5a5\uc774\ub098 \uce21\uc815 \uc624\ucc28\ub97c \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2\uc218\uc900(Level 2; \ub300\uc0c1 \uc218\uc900):<\/strong> \ud3c9\uac00 \ub300\uc0c1(\ud559\uc0dd)\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud2b9\uc131 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \uc2e4\uc2b5: \uad50\uc721\uc6a9 \uac00\uc0c1 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \ubc0f \ubd84\uc11d (R \uae30\ubc18)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uba54\ub274\ub85c\ub294 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c CTC(M-1) \uc81c\uc57d \uc870\uac74\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ud45c\uc900\uc778 R\uc758 <code>lavaan<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\uc2b5\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">[\uac00\uc0c1 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624]<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc911\ud559\uad50 1\ud559\ub144 \ud559\uc0dd 300\uba85\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c &#8216;<strong>\uc131\uc2e4\uc131(Con<\/strong>)&#8217;\uacfc <strong>&#8216;\ud611\ub825\uc131(Coop)&#8217;<\/strong>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 <strong>\ud559\uc0dd \uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0(Self)<\/strong>, <strong>\ub2f4\uc784 \uad50\uc0ac(Teacher)<\/strong>, <strong>\ud559\ubd80\ubaa8(Parent)<\/strong> \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac01 \ud2b9\uc131-\ubc29\ubc95 \ub2e8\uc704(TMU)\ub2f9 2\uac1c\uc758 \ubb38\ud56d(indicator)\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ub85c\ub4dc\nif(!require(lavaan)) install.packages(\"lavaan\")\nlibrary(lavaan)\n\n# 1. \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (Story-based Synthetic Data)\nset.seed(2025)\nN &lt;- 300\n\n# \uc7a0\uc7ac \ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (\uc131\uc2e4\uc131, \ud611\ub825\uc131)\nCon_Trait &lt;- rnorm(N, 0, 1)\nCoop_Trait &lt;- rnorm(N, 0, 1)\n\n# \ubc29\ubc95 \ud6a8\uacfc \uc0dd\uc131 (\uad50\uc0ac \ud2b9\uc720\uc758 \uad00\uc810, \ud559\ubd80\ubaa8 \ud2b9\uc720\uc758 \uad00\uc810 - \uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0 \ub300\ube44)\nT_Method &lt;- rnorm(N, 0, 0.5)\nP_Method &lt;- rnorm(N, 0, 0.6)\n\n# \uad00\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (\ub2e8\uc21c\ud654\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ub85c\ub529 0.7, \uc624\ucc28 0.5)\n# T1:\uc131\uc2e4\uc131, T2:\ud611\ub825\uc131 \/ M1:\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0, M2:\uad50\uc0ac, M3:\ud559\ubd80\ubaa8\n# Y(\ubb38\ud56d)(\ud2b9\uc131)(\ubc29\ubc95)\ndat &lt;- data.frame(\n  Y111 = 0.8*Con_Trait + rnorm(N,0,0.6), # \uc131\uc2e4\uc131-\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0 \ubb38\ud56d1\n  Y211 = 0.7*Con_Trait + rnorm(N,0,0.6), # \uc131\uc2e4\uc131-\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0 \ubb38\ud56d2\n  \n  Y112 = 0.6*Con_Trait + 0.4*T_Method + rnorm(N,0,0.6), # \uc131\uc2e4\uc131-\uad50\uc0ac \ubb38\ud56d1\n  Y212 = 0.5*Con_Trait + 0.5*T_Method + rnorm(N,0,0.6), # \uc131\uc2e4\uc131-\uad50\uc0ac \ubb38\ud56d2\n  \n  Y113 = 0.5*Con_Trait + 0.6*P_Method + rnorm(N,0,0.6), # \uc131\uc2e4\uc131-\ud559\ubd80\ubaa8 \ubb38\ud56d1\n  Y213 = 0.4*Con_Trait + 0.7*P_Method + rnorm(N,0,0.6),  # \uc131\uc2e4\uc131-\ud559\ubd80\ubaa8 \ubb38\ud56d2\n\n  Y121 = 0.8*Coop_Trait + rnorm(N,0,0.6), # \ud611\ub825\uc131-\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0\n  Y221 = 0.7*Coop_Trait + rnorm(N,0,0.6),\n  \n  Y122 = 0.6*Coop_Trait + 0.4*T_Method + rnorm(N,0,0.6), # \ud611\ub825\uc131-\uad50\uc0ac\n  Y222 = 0.5*Coop_Trait + 0.5*T_Method + rnorm(N,0,0.6),\n  \n  Y123 = 0.5*Coop_Trait + 0.6*P_Method + rnorm(N,0,0.6), # \ud611\ub825\uc131-\ud559\ubd80\ubaa8\n  Y223 = 0.4*Coop_Trait + 0.7*P_Method + rnorm(N,0,0.6)\n)\n\n# 2. CTC(M-1) \ubaa8\ub378 \uc815\uc758 (\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0\ub97c \uae30\uc900 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uc815)\nctcm1_model &lt;- '\n  # \ud2b9\uc131 \uc694\uc778 (\uae30\uc900 \ubc29\ubc95\uc778 \uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0\uc758 TMU \uc694\uc778\uc774 \uace7 \ud2b9\uc131 \uc694\uc778\uc774 \ub428)\n  Con  =~ 1*Y111 + Y211 + Y112 + Y212 + Y113 + Y213\n  Coop =~ 1*Y121 + Y221 + Y122 + Y222 + Y123 + Y223\n\n  # \ubc29\ubc95 \uc694\uc778 (\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \uad50\uc0ac, \ud559\ubd80\ubaa8 \uc694\uc778 \uc124\uc815)\n  # \ud2b9\uc131\ubcc4 \ubc29\ubc95 \ud6a8\uacfc (Trait-specific method factors)\n  M_Teacher_Con  =~ 1*Y112 + Y212\n  M_Parent_Con   =~ 1*Y113 + Y213\n  M_Teacher_Coop =~ 1*Y122 + Y222\n  M_Parent_Coop  =~ 1*Y123 + Y223\n\n  # \uc9c1\uad50 \uc81c\uc57d (\ubc29\ubc95 \uc694\uc778\uc740 \ud574\ub2f9 \ud2b9\uc131 \uc694\uc778\uacfc \uc0c1\uad00\uc774 0\uc774\uc5b4\uc57c \ud568)\n  Con  ~~ 0*M_Teacher_Con\n  Con  ~~ 0*M_Parent_Con\n  Coop ~~ 0*M_Teacher_Coop\n  Coop ~~ 0*M_Parent_Coop\n'\n\n# 3. \ubaa8\ub378 \uc801\ud569\nfit &lt;- cfa(ctcm1_model, data = dat, std.lv = TRUE)\nsummary(fit, standardized = TRUE, fit.measures = TRUE)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d \ubc0f \uc8fc\uc694 \uacc4\uc218<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \ub124 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud575\uc2ec \uacc4\uc218\ub97c \uc0b0\ucd9c\ud558\uc5ec \uce21\uc815\uc758 \ud488\uc9c8\uc744 \ud3c9\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc8fc\uc694 \ubd84\uc0b0 \ubd84\ud574 \uc9c0\ud45c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\uc9c0\ud45c (Coefficient)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\uc815\uc758 \ubc0f \uc758\ubbf8<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\uad50\uc721\uc801 \ud574\uc11d \uc608\uc2dc<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\uc2e0\ub8b0\ub3c4 (Reliability)<\/strong><\/td><td>\uad00\uce21 \ubd84\uc0b0 \uc911 \uc624\ucc28\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \uc9c4\uc810\uc218 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc758 \ube44\uc728<\/td><td>\uac80\uc0ac \ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\uc77c\uad00\uc131 (Consistency)<\/strong><\/td><td>\uae30\uc900 \ubc29\ubc95(\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0)\uacfc \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc758 \ube44\uc728 (\uc218\ub834 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ub3c4 \uc9c0\ud45c)<\/td><td>\uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \ud3c9\uac00\uac00 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc790\uae30 \uc778\uc2dd\uacfc \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc77c\uce58\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\ubc29\ubc95 \ud2b9\uc218\uc131 (Method Specificity)<\/strong><\/td><td>\uae30\uc900 \ubc29\ubc95\uacfc \uacf5\uc720\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud574\ub2f9 \ubc29\ubc95\ub9cc\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ubd84\uc0b0 \ube44\uc728<\/td><td>\uad50\uc0ac\ub9cc\uc774 \ud3ec\ucc29\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ud589\ub3d9 \ud2b9\uc131\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\ubb38\ud56d \ud2b9\uc218\uc131 (Indicator Specificity)<\/strong><\/td><td>\ud2b9\uc815 \ubb38\ud56d(\uc9c0\ud45c)\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131 \ubd84\uc0b0<\/td><td>\uc774 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9c8\ubb38\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2ec\ub9ac \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uac00?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>[\uacc4\uc0b0 \uc6d0\ub9ac]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud55c \ubb38\ud56d\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \ubd84\uc0b0(<math data-latex=\"Var(Y)\"><semantics><mrow><mi>V<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>Y<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Var(Y)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc740 \ud2b9\uc131 \ubd84\uc0b0 + \ubc29\ubc95 \ubd84\uc0b0 + \ubb38\ud56d \ud2b9\uc218 \ubd84\uc0b0 + \uc624\ucc28 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"Rel = \\frac{Var(Trait) + Var(Method) + Var(ISpe)}{Var(Total)}\"><semantics><mrow><mi>R<\/mi><mi>e<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>V<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>T<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>+<\/mo><mi>V<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>M<\/mi><mi>e<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mi>h<\/mi><mi>o<\/mi><mi>d<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>+<\/mo><mi>V<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>I<\/mi><mi>S<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mi>e<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mrow><mi>V<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>T<\/mi><mi>o<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Rel = \\frac{Var(Trait) + Var(Method) + Var(ISpe)}{Var(Total)}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \uacb0\ub860 \ubc0f \ud5a5\ud6c4 \uacfc\uc81c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>MTMM \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ud1b5\uacc4 \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4, <strong>&#8220;\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc774\ud574\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uac00&#8221;<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ub358\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc740 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc810\uc218\ub85c \uace0\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ub204\uad6c\uc758 \ub208\uc73c\ub85c(\ubc29\ubc95) \ubcf4\ub290\ub0d0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \ud655\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec <strong>\uc885\ub2e8\uc801 MTMM<\/strong>(\uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ub3c4 \ubcc0\ud654), <strong>\uc7a0\uc7ac \uc911\uc7ac \ubd84\uc11d<\/strong>(\ubc29\ubc95 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc131\ubcc4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2e4\ub978\uc9c0 \ub4f1) \ub4f1 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc815\uad50\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Campbell, D. T., &amp; Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. <em>Psychological Bulletin<\/em>, 56(2), 81\u2013105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eid, M., Koch, T., &amp; Geiser, C. (2025). Multitrait-multimethod models. In <em>Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling<\/em> (Chap. 19).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eid, M., Geiser, C., &amp; Koch, T. (2016). Measuring method effects: From traditional to design-oriented approaches. <em>Current Directions in Psychological Science<\/em>, 25(4), 275\u2013280.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Geiser, C., Eid, M., &amp; Nussbeck, F. W. (2012). On the meaning of the latent variables in the Correlated Trait-Correlated Method-1 model. <em>Structural Equation Modeling<\/em>, 19(3), 409\u2013436.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marsh, H. W., Byrne, B. M., &amp; Craven, R. (1992). Overcoming problems in confirmatory factor analyses of MTMM data: The correlated uniqueness model and factorial invariance. <em>Multivariate Behavioral Research<\/em>, 27(4), 489\u2013507.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc911\ud2b9\uc131-\ub2e4\uc911\ubc29\ubc95(MTMM; Multitrait-Multimethod) \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud0d0\uad6c\ud558\ub824 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 &#8216;\uc790\uae30\ud1b5\uc81c\ub825&#8217;\uc774\ub098 &#8216;\ucc3d\uc758\uc131&#8217; \uac19\uc740 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud560 \ub54c, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud754\ud788 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc124\ubb38\uc9c0\ub9cc\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uace4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \ub2f5\ubcc0(\uc790\uae30\ubcf4\uace0), \uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uad00\ucc30, \ud559\ubd80\ubaa8\uc758 \ud3c9\uac00\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4\uba74 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc9c4\uc9dc\uc77c\uae4c\uc694? \uc774 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub2f5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 1959\ub144 \ucea0\ubca8(Campbell)\uacfc \ud53c\uc2a4\ud06c(Fiske)\uac00 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c MTMM\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucc55\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ubc29\uc815\uc2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1(SEM)\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec MTMM \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \ucd5c\uc2e0 <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=603\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[300],"tags":[340,166,301,339],"class_list":["post-603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sem","tag-mtmm","tag-sem","tag-301","tag-339"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chap 19. \ub2e4\uc911\ud2b9\uc131-\ub2e4\uc911\ubc29\ubc95(MTMM; 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