{"id":605,"date":"2025-12-30T15:53:33","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T06:53:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=605"},"modified":"2025-12-30T15:53:35","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T06:53:35","slug":"chap-20-%ed%99%95%ec%9d%b8%ec%a0%81-%ec%9a%94%ec%9d%b8%eb%b6%84%ec%84%9d%ec%9d%84-%ed%99%9c%ec%9a%a9%ed%95%9c-%ec%b8%a1%ec%a0%95-%eb%8f%99%ec%9d%bc%ec%84%b1-%ea%b2%80%ec%82%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=605","title":{"rendered":"Chap 20. \ud655\uc778\uc801 \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 \uac80\uc0ac"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694? <br>\uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 <strong>\ud655\uc778\uc801 \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d(CFA)\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131(Measurement Invariance, MI)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0\uc790 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc2ec\ub9ac \uac80\uc0ac\ub098 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9d1\ub2e8(\uc608: \ub0a8\ud559\uc0dd\uacfc \uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd, \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc640 \ub18d\ucd0c \ud559\uc0dd)\uc5d0\uac8c &#8216;\uacf5\uc815\ud558\uac8c&#8217; \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc774 \ud655\ubcf4\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74, \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uac04 \uc810\uc218 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub2a5\ub825\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc778\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uac80\uc0ac \ub3c4\uad6c\uc758 \ud3b8\ud5a5\uc131 \ub54c\ubb38\uc778\uc9c0 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uacfc \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc0c1\uc138\ud788 \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 <strong>jamovi<\/strong>\ub97c \uc6b0\uc120\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba70, \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 <strong>R (lavaan)<\/strong> \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ubcd1\ud589\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc758 \uae30\ucd08: \ud68c\uadc0 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc774\ud574<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uba3c\uc800 \uad00\ucc30 \ubcc0\uc218\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ud68c\uadc0 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 <strong>\uc608\uce21 \ud3b8\ud5a5(Prediction Bias)<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1. \uae30\ubcf8 \ud68c\uadc0 \ubaa8\ub378<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub450 \uc9d1\ub2e8(\uc608: \uc77c\ubc18\uace0\uc640 \uc790\uc0ac\uace0)\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\uad50 \ub0b4\uc2e0(<math data-latex=\"X\"><semantics><mi>X<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">X<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\ud559 \uc131\uc801(<math data-latex=\"Y\"><semantics><mi>Y<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc744 \uc608\uce21\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \ud68c\uadc0 \ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"Y_{i} = a + bX_{i} + e_{i}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Y<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mi>a<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mi>b<\/mi><msub><mi>X<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>e<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Y_{i} = a + bX_{i} + e_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c <math data-latex=\"a\"><semantics><mi>a<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">a<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \uc808\ud3b8, <math data-latex=\"b\"><semantics><mi>b<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">b<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131(\ub610\ub294 \uc608\uce21 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131)\uc774 \uc131\ub9bd\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ud68c\uadc0 \uc2dd\uc774 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2. \ud3b8\ud5a5\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubb34\ud3b8\ud5a5 (No Bias):<\/strong> \ub450 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \uc808\ud3b8\uacfc \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\uac00 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc808\ud3b8 \ud3b8\ud5a5 (Intercept Bias):<\/strong> \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\ub294 \uac19\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc808\ud3b8\uc774 \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ub0b4\uc2e0 \uc810\uc218\uc784\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud55c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \ub300\ud559 \uc131\uc801\uc774 \ud56d\uc0c1 \ub192\uac8c \uc608\uce21\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uae30\uc6b8\uae30 \ud3b8\ud5a5 (Slope Bias):<\/strong> \uc808\ud3b8\uc740 \uac19\uc9c0\ub9cc \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\uac00 \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0b4\uc2e0 \uc810\uc218\uac00 \ub300\ud559 \uc131\uc801\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825(\ubbfc\uac10\ub3c4)\uc774 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub2e4\ub978 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \uacf5\ud1b5 \uc694\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uacfc \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \uad00\ucc30 \ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7a0\uc7ac \ubcc0\uc218(Latent Variable)\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uc694\uc778 \ubd84\uc11d \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud655\uc778\uc801 \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d(CFA)\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub4e4\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc694\uc778 \ubd80\ud558\ub7c9 (<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\lambda\"><semantics><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\lambda<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>, Lambda):<\/strong> \uc7a0\uc7ac \uc694\uc778\uc774 \uad00\ucc30 \ubcc0\uc218\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5(\ud68c\uadc0\uc758 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30 \uc5ed\ud560).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc808\ud3b8 (<\/strong><math data-latex=\"v\"><semantics><mi>v<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">v<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>, Nu):<\/strong> \uc7a0\uc7ac \uc694\uc778 \uc810\uc218\uac00 0\uc77c \ub54c \uad00\ucc30 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uae30\ub313\uac12.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc624\ucc28 \ubd84\uc0b0 (<\/strong><math data-latex=\"u\"><semantics><mi>u<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>, Unique factor):<\/strong> \uc694\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ubcc0\ub7c9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc758 4\ub2e8\uacc4 \uc808\ucc28<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc57d\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc801\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\ubd80\ud130 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378 \uc21c\uc73c\ub85c \uac80\uc99d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1\ub2e8\uacc4: \ud615\ud0dc \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 (Configural Invariance)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc815\uc758:<\/strong> \uac01 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc694\uc778 \uad6c\uc870(\uc694\uc778\uc758 \uc218\uc640 \uc9c0\ud45c \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \uad6c\uc131)\uac00 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uad50\uc721 \uc0ac\ub840:<\/strong> &#8216;\uc218\ud559 \ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10&#8217; \uac80\uc0ac\uac00 \ub0a8\ud559\uc0dd\uacfc \uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c 3\uac1c\uc758 \ubb38\ud56d\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \ub2e8\uc77c \uc694\uc778 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac16\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2\ub2e8\uacc4: \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\/\uc57d\ud55c \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 (Weak\/Metric Invariance)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc815\uc758:<\/strong> \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uac04 <strong>\uc694\uc778 \ubd80\ud558\ub7c9(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\lambda\"><semantics><mi>\u03bb<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\lambda<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)<\/strong>\uc744 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\uc57d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc758\ubbf8:<\/strong> \uc694\uc778\uc774 \ubcc0\ud654\ud560 \ub54c \ubb38\ud56d \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \ub450 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\uc11c \uac19\uc74c\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ucda9\uc871\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \uc694\uc778 \uac04 \uc0c1\uad00\uc774\ub098 \ud68c\uadc0 \uacc4\uc218\ub97c \ube44\uad50\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3\ub2e8\uacc4: \uac15\ud55c \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 (Strong\/Scalar Invariance)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc815\uc758:<\/strong> \uc694\uc778 \ubd80\ud558\ub7c9\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 <strong>\ubb38\ud56d \uc808\ud3b8(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"v\"><semantics><mi>v<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">v<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)<\/strong>\uc744 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\uc57d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc758\ubbf8:<\/strong> \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc7a0\uc7ac \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uad00\uc5c6\uc774 \ubb38\ud56d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc810\uc218\ub97c \uc5bb\uc744 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub300\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. <strong>\uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uac00 \ud1b5\uacfc\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uac04 \ud3c9\uade0 \ube44\uad50\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4\ub2e8\uacc4: \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 (Strict Invariance)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc815\uc758:<\/strong> \uc55e\uc120 \uc81c\uc57d\uc5d0 <strong>\uc624\ucc28 \ubd84\uc0b0(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"u\"><semantics><mi>u<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)<\/strong>\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\uc57d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc758\ubbf8:<\/strong> \uce21\uc815\uc758 \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4(\uc2e0\ub8b0\ub3c4)\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub450 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud568\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \ubaa8\uc758 \uc790\ub8cc\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uc2e4\uc2b5: &#8220;\uc790\uae30\uc8fc\ub3c4\ud559\uc2b5 \uac80\uc0ac&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1. \uac00\uc0c1 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\uacbd\uae30\ub3c4 \uad50\uc721\uccad \uc18c\uc18d \uc5f0\uad6c\uc0ac\uc778 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc740 \uc911\ud559\uc0dd\uc6a9 &#8216;\uc790\uae30\uc8fc\ub3c4\ud559\uc2b5 \ub2a5\ub825&#8217; \uac80\uc0ac \ub3c4\uad6c(3\ubb38\ud56d)\ub97c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 <strong>\ub3c4\uc2dc \uc9c0\uc5ed<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uacfc <strong>\ub18d\ucd0c \uc9c0\uc5ed<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2. \ubaa8\uc758 \uc790\ub8cc \uc0dd\uc131 (R \ucf54\ub4dc)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud55c R \ucf54\ub4dc\nset.seed(2025)\nn &lt;- 200\n\n# \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc9d1\ub2e8 (City): \ub192\uc740 \ubd80\ud558\ub7c9, \ud3c9\uade0 0\ncity_latent &lt;- rnorm(n, 0, 1)\ncity_y1 &lt;- 0.8 * city_latent + rnorm(n, 0, 0.6) + 0.5\ncity_y2 &lt;- 0.7 * city_latent + rnorm(n, 0, 0.6) + 0.5\ncity_y3 &lt;- 0.9 * city_latent + rnorm(n, 0, 0.6) + 0.5\ncity_data &lt;- data.frame(y1=city_y1, y2=city_y2, y3=city_y3, group=\"City\")\n\n# \ub18d\ucd0c \uc9d1\ub2e8 (Rural): \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uad6c\uc870 (\uac15\ub825 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 \uac00\uc815)\nrural_latent &lt;- rnorm(n, -0.5, 1) # \ud3c9\uade0\uc774 0.5 \ub0ae\uc74c\nrural_y1 &lt;- 0.8 * rural_latent + rnorm(n, 0, 0.6) + 0.5\nrural_y2 &lt;- 0.7 * rural_latent + rnorm(n, 0, 0.6) + 0.5\nrural_y3 &lt;- 0.9 * rural_latent + rnorm(n, 0, 0.6) + 0.5\nrural_data &lt;- data.frame(y1=rural_y1, y2=rural_y2, y3=rural_y3, group=\"Rural\")\n\n# \ud1b5\ud569 \ub370\uc774\ud130\nsim_data &lt;- rbind(city_data, rural_data)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-3737403b-4047-48b5-b39b-7bccad3ffb7b\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/chap20.csv\">chap20<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/chap20.csv\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-3737403b-4047-48b5-b39b-7bccad3ffb7b\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3. jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubd84\uc11d \ub2e8\uacc4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>jamovi<\/strong>\uc758 <code>Factor<\/code> -&gt; <code>Confirmatory Factor Analysis<\/code> \uba54\ub274\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Model Builder:<\/strong> <code>y1<\/code>, <code>y2<\/code>, <code>y3<\/code>\ub97c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc694\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Filters\/Group:<\/strong> <code>group<\/code> \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c &#8216;Group&#8217; \uce78\uc5d0 \ub123\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Measurement Invariance:<\/strong> jamovi\uc758 \ucd5c\uc2e0 \ubc84\uc804(\ub610\ub294 <code>SEMLj<\/code> \ubaa8\ub4c8)\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 \uc635\uc158\uc744 \uccb4\ud06c\ud558\uba74 \ub2e8\uacc4\ubcc4 \ubaa8\ub378 \ube44\uad50 \ud45c\ub97c \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uc131\ud574 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc \uc608\uc2dc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\ubaa8\ub378<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u03c72<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>df<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>p<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>CFI<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>RMSEA<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\ube44\uace0<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1. \ud615\ud0dc \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131<\/td><td>4.21<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>.122<\/td><td>.998<\/td><td>.032<\/td><td>\ubaa8\ub378 \uc801\ud569\ud568<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131<\/td><td>5.88<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>.208<\/td><td>.997<\/td><td>.025<\/td><td>1\ubc88\uacfc \ucc28\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c (<math data-latex=\"\\Delta p &gt; .05\"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u0394<\/mi><\/mrow><mi>p<\/mi><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mn>.05<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\Delta p &gt; .05<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. \uac15\ud55c \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131<\/td><td>7.12<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>.310<\/td><td>.998<\/td><td>.018<\/td><td>2\ubc88\uacfc \ucc28\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> \uac15\ud55c \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud655\ubcf4\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ub3c4\uc2dc \ud559\uc0dd\uacfc \ub18d\ucd0c \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc790\uae30\uc8fc\ub3c4\ud559\uc2b5 \ub2a5\ub825 \ud3c9\uade0\uc744 \ube44\uad50\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uacb0\ub860 \ubc0f \uc81c\uc5b8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 \uac80\uc99d\uc740 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud574 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, <strong>&#8220;\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc7b0 \uc790(Scale)\uac00 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\uac8c \ub611\uac19\uc774 \ub208\uae08\uc774 \ub9e4\uaca8\uc838 \uc788\ub294\uac00?&#8221;<\/strong>\ub97c \ubb3b\ub294 \uc544\uc8fc \uc0c1\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub9cc\uc57d \ud2b9\uc815 \ubb38\ud56d\uc774 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc744 \ud574\uce5c\ub2e4\uba74 \ud574\ub2f9 \ubb38\ud56d\uc758 \uc81c\uc57d\uc744 \ud480\uc5b4\uc8fc\ub294 <strong>\ubd80\ubd84 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131(Partial Invariance)<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uad6d\uc81c \ud559\uc5c5\uc131\ucde8\ub3c4 \ud3c9\uac00(PISA)\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \ube44\uad50\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \ubca0\uc774\uc9c0\uc548 \uc811\uadfc\ubc95\uc774\ub098 \uc815\ub82c(Alignment) \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \ub300\uc548\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad50\uc721 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud559\uc0dd\uc5d0\uac8c \uacf5\uc815\ud558\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. <em>Structural Equation Modeling<\/em>, <em>14<\/em>(3), 464-504.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cheung, G. W., &amp; Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. <em>Structural Equation Modeling<\/em>, <em>9<\/em>(2), 233-255.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meredith, W. (1993). Measurement invariance, factor analysis and factorial invariance. <em>Psychometrika<\/em>, <em>58<\/em>(4), 525-543.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Millsap, R. E. (2011). <em>Statistical approaches to measurement invariance<\/em>. Routledge.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Widaman, K. F., &amp; Reise, S. P. (1997). Exploring the measurement invariance of psychological instruments: Applications in the substance abuse domain. In K. J. Bryant, M. Windle, &amp; S. G. West (Eds.), <em>The science of prevention: Methodological advances from alcohol and substance use research<\/em> (pp. 281-324). American Psychological Association.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694? \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ud655\uc778\uc801 \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d(CFA)\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131(Measurement Invariance, MI)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0\uc790 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc2ec\ub9ac \uac80\uc0ac\ub098 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9d1\ub2e8(\uc608: \ub0a8\ud559\uc0dd\uacfc \uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd, \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc640 \ub18d\ucd0c \ud559\uc0dd)\uc5d0\uac8c &#8216;\uacf5\uc815\ud558\uac8c&#8217; \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc774 \ud655\ubcf4\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74, \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uac04 \uc810\uc218 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub2a5\ub825\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc778\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uac80\uc0ac \ub3c4\uad6c\uc758 \ud3b8\ud5a5\uc131 \ub54c\ubb38\uc778\uc9c0 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=605\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[300],"tags":[321,145,166,301,341],"class_list":["post-605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sem","tag-cfa","tag-jamovi","tag-sem","tag-301","tag-341"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chap 20. \ud655\uc778\uc801 \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 \uac80\uc0ac - WaurimaL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=605\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chap 20. \ud655\uc778\uc801 \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 \uac80\uc0ac - WaurimaL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694? \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ud655\uc778\uc801 \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d(CFA)\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131(Measurement Invariance, MI)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0\uc790 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc2ec\ub9ac \uac80\uc0ac\ub098 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9d1\ub2e8(\uc608: \ub0a8\ud559\uc0dd\uacfc \uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd, \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc640 \ub18d\ucd0c \ud559\uc0dd)\uc5d0\uac8c &#8216;\uacf5\uc815\ud558\uac8c&#8217; \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc774 \ud655\ubcf4\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74, \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uac04 \uc810\uc218 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub2a5\ub825\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc778\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uac80\uc0ac \ub3c4\uad6c\uc758 \ud3b8\ud5a5\uc131 \ub54c\ubb38\uc778\uc9c0 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. 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\uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ud655\uc778\uc801 \uc694\uc778\ubd84\uc11d(CFA)\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131(Measurement Invariance, MI)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0\uc790 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc2ec\ub9ac \uac80\uc0ac\ub098 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9d1\ub2e8(\uc608: \ub0a8\ud559\uc0dd\uacfc \uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd, \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc640 \ub18d\ucd0c \ud559\uc0dd)\uc5d0\uac8c &#8216;\uacf5\uc815\ud558\uac8c&#8217; \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uce21\uc815 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc774 \ud655\ubcf4\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74, \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uac04 \uc810\uc218 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub2a5\ub825\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc778\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uac80\uc0ac \ub3c4\uad6c\uc758 \ud3b8\ud5a5\uc131 \ub54c\ubb38\uc778\uc9c0 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. 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