{"id":701,"date":"2026-01-17T17:11:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-17T08:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=701"},"modified":"2026-01-17T21:29:48","modified_gmt":"2026-01-17T12:29:48","slug":"%eb%8b%a4%ec%b8%b5%eb%aa%a8%ed%98%95%ec%9d%98-%ea%b8%b0%ec%b4%88-%ed%9a%8c%ea%b7%80%eb%b6%84%ec%84%9d%ec%9d%84-%eb%84%98%ec%96%b4-%eb%8d%b0%ec%9d%b4%ed%84%b0%ec%9d%98-%eb%a7%a5%eb%9d%bd%ec%9d%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=701","title":{"rendered":"\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uae30\ucd08 &#8211; \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 &#8216;\ub9e5\ub77d&#8217;\uc744 \uc77d\ub2e4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694? \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Modeling) \uac15\uc758\uc5d0 \uc624\uc2e0 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc744 \ud658\uc601\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ub294 \uc774\ubc88 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc988\ub97c \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ud5e4\uccd0\ub098\uac08 WaurimaL\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ud1b5\uacc4 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc744 \uc678\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, <strong>\uc65c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub80c\uc988\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ubd10\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0<\/strong>\ub97c \uc544\uc8fc \uae30\ucd08\uc801\uc778 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ubd80\ud130 \ub2e4\ub904\ubcf4\ub824 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd\ub3c4 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc26c\uc6b4 \ube44\uc720\ub97c \uc11e\uc5b4\uac00\uba70, \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub300\ud559\uc6d0 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uae4a\uc774\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub193\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uad50\uc7ac\uc758 \uc11c\ub860(Introduction) \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c, \uc2e4\uc81c \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uac00\uc815\ud55c \uc2e4\uc2b5\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c4\ud589\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc11c\ub860: \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc65c &#8216;\ub2e4\uce35&#8217;\uc801\uc778\uac00?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc774 \uad50\uc721\ud559 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub77c\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc740 <strong>&#8220;\ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub3d9\uae30\uac00 \ud559\uc5c5 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5&#8221;<\/strong>\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc2f6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubaa8\uc73c\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc804\uad6d\uc758 \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uad50\ub97c \ub3cc\uc544\ub2e4\ub2c8\uba70 \uc124\ubb38\uc870\uc0ac\ub97c \ud588\uc8e0. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc774 \ud558\ub098 \uc0dd\uae41\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>&#8220;\uc11c\uc6b8 \uac15\ub0a8\uc758 A \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uacfc \uc2dc\uace8 \ubd84\uad50\uc758 B \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc774 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub611\uac19\uc740 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \uc788\uc744\uae4c\uc694?&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2f9\uc5f0\ud788 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac19\uc740 \ud559\uad50, \uac19\uc740 \ubc18 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2f4\uc784 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubc29\uc2dd, \ud559\uad50\uc758 \ubd84\uc704\uae30, \uae09\uc2dd\uc758 \ub9db(?)\uae4c\uc9c0 \uacf5\uc720\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uc12c(Island)\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, &#8216;\ud559\uae09&#8217;\uc774\ub098 &#8216;\ud559\uad50&#8217;\ub77c\ub294 <strong>\uc9d1\ub2e8(Cluster)<\/strong> \uc548\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ub418\uc5b4(Nested) \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ud1b5\uacc4 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uc774 &#8216;\ub0b4\uc7ac\uad6c\uc870&#8217;\ub97c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 <strong>\ub9e5\ub77d(Context)<\/strong>\uc744 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uad50\ud558\uac8c \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4: &#8216;\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uc12c\uc774\ub2e4?&#8217;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac00\uc7a5 \ub110\ub9ac \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \ud1b5\uacc4 \ubc29\ubc95\uc778 <strong>\ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d(Regression Analysis)<\/strong>\uc744 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub824 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uae30\ubcf8 \uc2dd\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"y_{i} = \\beta_{0} + \\beta_{1}x_{1i} + \\epsilon_{i}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>i<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{i} = \\beta_{0} + \\beta_{1}x_{1i} + \\epsilon_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c <math data-latex=\"\\epsilon_{i}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\epsilon_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>(\uc624\ucc28\ud56d)\ub294 \ud3c9\uade0\uc774 0\uc774\uace0 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc774 <math data-latex=\"\\sigma^{2}\"><semantics><msup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\sigma^{2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc778 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \ub530\ub978\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac00\uc815\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 <strong>&#8220;\ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub370\uc774\ud130(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"i\"><semantics><mi>i<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">i<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc774\ub2e4&#8221;<\/strong>\ub77c\ub294 \ubbff\uc74c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udea9 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud559\uad50 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc608\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud604\uc2e4:<\/strong> \uac19\uc740 \ubc18 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc131\uc801\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c \ube44\uc2b7\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\ub2f4\uc784 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5 \ub4f1).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb38\uc81c:<\/strong> \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub418\uba74 \uc624\ucc28\ub4e4(<math data-latex=\"\\epsilon_{i}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\epsilon_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub07c\ub9ac \uc11c\ub85c \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4(Correlation)\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4, &#8220;\uc624\ucc28\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc774\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ub300\uc804\uc81c\uac00 \uae68\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \ucd94\uc815\uc774 \ubd80\uc815\ud655\ud574\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. ANOVA\uc640 \ubcc0\ub7c9\ud6a8\uacfc(Random Effects): \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \ubc14\ub77c\ubcf4\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uc120<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560\uc9c0 \uace0\ubbfc\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(1) \uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc(Fixed Effects) \ubaa8\ud615: ANOVA\uc758 \uc811\uadfc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub9cc\uc57d \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 &#8220;A\ubc18, B\ubc18, C\ubc18 \ub531 \uc774 \uc138 \ubc18\ub9cc \ube44\uad50\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\ub2e4&#8221;\uba74, \uac01 \ubc18\uc744 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0 \ub354\ubbf8 \ubcc0\uc218(Dummy variable) \ub4f1\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \ubd84\uc11d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c <strong>\uc77c\uc6d0\ubd84\uc0b0\ubd84\uc11d(One-way ANOVA)<\/strong> \ubaa8\ud615\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"y_{ij} = \\mu + \\alpha_{j} + \\epsilon_{ij}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mi>\u03bc<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{ij} = \\mu + \\alpha_{j} + \\epsilon_{ij}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math data-latex=\"y_{ij}\"><semantics><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{ij}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <math data-latex=\"j\"><semantics><mi>j<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ubc88\uc9f8 \ubc18\uc758 <math data-latex=\"i\"><semantics><mi>i<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">i<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ubc88\uc9f8 \ud559\uc0dd \uc810\uc218(\ub610\ub294 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"\\alpha_{j}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\alpha_{j}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <math data-latex=\"j\"><semantics><mi>j<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ubc88\uc9f8 \ubc18\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ud6a8\uacfc (\uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uadf8 \ud2b9\uc815 \ubc18\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc608\uce21\uc740 \uc815\ud655\ud560\uc9c0 \ubab0\ub77c\ub3c4(<math data-latex=\"\\bar{y}_j\"><semantics><msub><mover><mi>y<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-xshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">\u203e<\/mo><\/mover><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\bar{y}_j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>), \uc774 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c <strong>\ub2e4\ub978 \ud559\uad50\ub098 \ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\ubc18\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4<\/strong>\ub294 \ub2e8\uc810\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(2) \ubcc0\ub7c9\ud6a8\uacfc(Random Effects) \ubaa8\ud615: \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubcf4\ud1b5 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 &#8220;A\ubc18 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4&#8221;\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 <strong>&#8220;\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ud559\uae09 \uac04\uc758 \ucc28\uc774&#8221;<\/strong>\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubf51\uc740 \ud559\uae09\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uccb4 \ud559\uae09 \ubaa8\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc791\uc704\ub85c \ucd94\ucd9c\ub41c \ud45c\ubcf8\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc8e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"y_{ij} = \\mu + u_{j} + \\epsilon_{ij}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mi>\u03bc<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{ij} = \\mu + u_{j} + \\epsilon_{ij}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math data-latex=\"u_{j}\"><semantics><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u_{j}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <math data-latex=\"j\"><semantics><mi>j<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ubc88\uc9f8 \ubc18\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ubc88\uc5d4 \uace0\uc815\ub41c \uac12\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ud3c9\uade0\uc774 0\uc774\uace0 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc774 <math data-latex=\"\\sigma_{u}^{2}\"><semantics><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\sigma_{u}^{2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc778 \ud655\ub960\ubcc0\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc740 <strong>\ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \ub450 \uac1c\ub85c \ucabc\uac20\ub2e4<\/strong>\ub294 \uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc9d1\ub2e8 \ub0b4 \ubd84\uc0b0(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\sigma^{2}\"><semantics><msup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\sigma^{2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong> \uac19\uc740 \ubc18 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac\uc758 \uc131\uc801 \ucc28\uc774<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc9d1\ub2e8 \uac04 \ubd84\uc0b0(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\sigma_{u}^{2}\"><semantics><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\sigma_{u}^{2}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong> \ubc18 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc131\uc801\ub07c\ub9ac\uc758 \ucc28\uc774<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(3) \uae09\ub0b4\uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218(ICC)\uc640 &#8216;\uc815\ubcf4 \ube4c\ub824\uc624\uae30&#8217;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc544\uc8fc \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\uc778 <strong>ICC(Intraclass Correlation, <\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\rho\"><semantics><mi>\u03c1<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rho<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)<\/strong>\uac00 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"\\rho = \\frac{\\sigma_{u}^{2}}{\\sigma_{u}^{2} + \\sigma^{2}}\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03c1<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><mrow><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><mo>+<\/mo><msup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rho = \\frac{\\sigma_{u}^{2}}{\\sigma_{u}^{2} + \\sigma^{2}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc758\ubbf8:<\/strong> \uc804\uccb4 \uc131\uc801 \ucc28\uc774 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>&#8220;\ud559\uad50(\ubc18)\uac00 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc11c \uc0dd\uae30\ub294 \ucc28\uc774&#8221;\uac00 \uba87 %\uc778\uac00?<\/strong>\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub610\ud55c, \uac19\uc740 \ubc18 \ud559\uc0dd \ub450 \uba85\uc744 \ubf51\uc558\uc744 \ub54c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc131\uc801\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ube44\uc2b7\ud560\uc9c0\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 <strong>\uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218<\/strong>\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 \ubd80\ubd84 \ud480\ub9c1(Partial Pooling)\uc758 \ub9c8\ubc95<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc740 &#8216;\ubd80\ubd84 \ud480\ub9c1(Partial Pooling)&#8217; \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc501\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc644\uc804 \ud480\ub9c1(Complete Pooling):<\/strong> \ubc18 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0\uc73c\ub85c \ud241\uce68.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud480\ub9c1 \uc5c6\uc74c(No Pooling):<\/strong> \uac01 \ubc18\uc744 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ubcc4\uac1c\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0 \uac01 \ubc18 \ud3c9\uade0\ub9cc \ubbff\uc74c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubd80\ubd84 \ud480\ub9c1(\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615):<\/strong> \ud45c\ubcf8\uc774 \uc801\uc740 \ubc18\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\uc9dd \ub2f9\uaca8\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4(Shrinkage). \uc989, <strong>&#8220;\ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud55c \ubc18\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc18\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4(Strength)\ub97c \uc880 \ube4c\ub824\uc640\uc11c \ucd94\uc815\ud558\uc790&#8221;<\/strong>\ub294 \uc544\uc8fc \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ud0c0\ud611\uc548\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Model)\uc758 \uc644\uc131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf8 \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d\uacfc \ubcc0\ub7c9\ud6a8\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ud569\uccd0\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubc30\uc6b8 <strong>\uc784\uc758 \uc808\ud3b8 \ubaa8\ud615(Random Intercept Model)<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"y_{ij} = \\beta_{0} + \\beta_{1}x_{1ij} + \\dots + u_{0j} + \\epsilon_{ij}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><mo>\u22ef<\/mo><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{ij} = \\beta_{0} + \\beta_{1}x_{1ij} + \\dots + u_{0j} + \\epsilon_{ij}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math data-latex=\"\\beta_{0} + \\beta_{1}x_{1ij}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta_{0} + \\beta_{1}x_{1ij}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: \uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc \ubd80\ubd84 (\uc77c\ubc18 \ud68c\uadc0\uc2dd\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"u_{0j}\"><semantics><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u_{0j}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <strong>\uc784\uc758 \uc808\ud3b8(Random Intercept)<\/strong>. <math data-latex=\"j\"><semantics><mi>j<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ubc88\uc9f8 \ud559\uad50\uac00 \uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ub354 \uc798\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ubabb\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uadf8 \ud559\uad50\ub9cc\uc758 &#8216;\uace0\uc720\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131&#8217; (\uc624\ucc28)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"\\epsilon_{ij}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\epsilon_{ij}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: \ud559\uc0dd \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uc624\ucc28<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uc2dd\uc740 <strong>&#8220;\ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc131\uc801(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"y\"><semantics><mi>y<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)\uc740 \uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\ud5a5(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\beta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)\uc5d0\ub2e4\uac00, \uadf8 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc18d\ud55c \ud559\uad50\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"u\"><semantics><mi>u<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)\uc744 \ub354\ud558\uace0, \ud559\uc0dd \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uc6b4\uc774\ub098 \ud2b9\uc131(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\epsilon\"><semantics><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\epsilon<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)\uc744 \ub354\ud574\uc11c \uacb0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4&#8221;<\/strong>\ub77c\uace0 \ud574\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uc2e4\uc2b5: jamovi\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \uc774\ub860\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc9c1\uc811 \ubd84\uc11d\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. jamovi\ub294 R \uae30\ubc18\uc758 \ubb34\ub8cc \ud1b5\uacc4 \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4\ub85c, \ud074\ub9ad\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc27d\uac8c \ub3cc\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(1) \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624: \uc218\uc6d0\uc2dc \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd \ud559\uc5c5\uc131\ucde8\ub3c4 \uc5f0\uad6c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc0c1\ud669:<\/strong> \uc218\uc6d0\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 20\uac1c \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uad50\ub97c \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c, <strong>&#8216;\uc0ac\uad50\uc721 \uc2dc\uac04(\uc2dc\uac04\/\uc8fc)&#8217;<\/strong>\uc774 <strong>&#8216;\uc218\ud559 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4&#8217;<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uac00\uc124:<\/strong> \uc0ac\uad50\uc721 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uae38\uc218\ub85d \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4\uac00 \ub192\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud559\uad50\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uae30\ubcf8 \ud559\ub825 \uc218\uc900(\uc808\ud3b8)\uc740 \ub2e4\ub97c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(2) \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (R \ucf54\ub4dc)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc62c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc774 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># R \ucf54\ub4dc: \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 \uc2e4\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\nset.seed(2026) # \uc7ac\ud604\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc2dc\ub4dc \uc124\uc815\n\n# \uc124\uc815\nn_schools &lt;- 20    # \ud559\uad50 \uc218 (Level 2)\nn_students &lt;- 30   # \ud559\uad50\ub2f9 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218 (Level 1)\ntotal_n &lt;- n_schools * n_students\n\n# \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130 (\ucc38\uac12)\ngrand_intercept &lt;- 50       # \uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc218\ud559 \uc810\uc218\nslope_private_edu &lt;- 3      # \uc0ac\uad50\uc721 \uc2dc\uac04 1\uc2dc\uac04 \uc99d\uac00\ub2f9 \uc810\uc218 \uc0c1\uc2b9\ubd84\nsigma_u &lt;- 10              # \ud559\uad50 \uac04 \ucc28\uc774 (\ud45c\uc900\ud3b8\ucc28) -&gt; \uaf64 \ud07c\nsigma_e &lt;- 5               # \ud559\uc0dd \uac1c\uc778 \uc624\ucc28 (\ud45c\uc900\ud3b8\ucc28)\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\nschool_id &lt;- rep(1:n_schools, each = n_students)\nstudent_id &lt;- 1:total_n\n\n# \ud559\uad50\ubcc4 \ud6a8\uacfc (Random Intercept) \uc0dd\uc131\nu_j &lt;- rnorm(n_schools, mean = 0, sd = sigma_u)\nschool_effect &lt;- rep(u_j, each = n_students)\n\n# \ub3c5\ub9bd\ubcc0\uc218: \uc8fc\ub2f9 \uc0ac\uad50\uc721 \uc2dc\uac04 (0~10\uc2dc\uac04, \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec + \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \ud559\uad50\ubcc4 \ucc28\uc774 \ubc18\uc601)\n# \ubd80\ucd0c \ud559\uad50\ub294 \uc0ac\uad50\uc721 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \ub354 \uae38 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ud559\uad50 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc640 \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4 \ubd80\uc5ec\nprivate_edu &lt;- pmax(0, rnorm(total_n, mean = 4 + 0.1*school_effect, sd = 2))\n\n# \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218: \uc218\ud559 \uc810\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 \uc2dd \uc801\uc6a9)\n# Score = 50 + 3*Time + School_Effect + Error\nmath_score &lt;- grand_intercept + slope_private_edu * private_edu + school_effect + rnorm(total_n, 0, sigma_e)\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130\ud504\ub808\uc784 \uc0dd\uc131\ndata &lt;- data.frame(\n  School = factor(school_id),\n  Student = factor(student_id),\n  Private_Edu = private_edu,\n  Math_Score = math_score\n)\n\n# CSV \uc800\uc7a5 (jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\uae30 \uc704\ud568)\nwrite.csv(data, \"Suwon_Math_Study.csv\", row.names = FALSE)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(\uc704 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uba74 <code>Suwon_Math_Study.csv<\/code> \ud30c\uc77c\uc774 \uc0dd\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud30c\uc77c\uc744 jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5fd\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-f630f904-abb6-4299-a2f9-7429b525f627\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/chap00.csv\">chap00<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/chap00.csv\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-f630f904-abb6-4299-a2f9-7429b525f627\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(3) jamovi \ubd84\uc11d \uac00\uc774\ub4dc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc790, \uc774\uc81c \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ub2e8\uacc4\ubcc4\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 <strong>GAMLj<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub4c8(jamovi\uc758 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ud63c\ud569\ubaa8\ud615 \ubaa8\ub4c8)\uc774\ub098 \uae30\ubcf8 <strong>Linear Models<\/strong>\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8 \ub0b4\uc7a5\ub41c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub2e8\uacc4 1: \uae30\ucd08 \ubaa8\ud615 (Null Model) &#8211; \ud559\uad50 \ud6a8\uacfc \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uc124\uba85 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc5c6\uc774, \ub2e8\uc9c0 &#8220;\uc131\uc801\uc774 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978\uac00?&#8221;\ub9cc \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uba54\ub274:<\/strong> <code>Analyses<\/code> &gt; <code>Linear Models<\/code> &gt; <code>Mixed Model<\/code> \uc120\ud0dd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubcc0\uc218 \uc124\uc815:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dependent Variable (\uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218):<\/strong> <code>Math_Score<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cluster Variables (\uc9d1\ub2e8 \ubcc0\uc218):<\/strong> <code>School<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacb0\uacfc \ud655\uc778 (Random Effects Table):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>School<\/code> (Intercept)\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0(Variance)\uacfc <code>Residual<\/code> (Error)\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ICC \uacc4\uc0b0:<\/strong> jamovi \uacb0\uacfc\ud45c \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 ICC\uac00 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ucd9c\ub825\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>School<\/code> \ubd84\uc0b0\uc774 146.583, <code>Residual<\/code> \ubd84\uc0b0\uc774 58.083\uc774\ub77c\uba74, <math data-latex=\"ICC = 146.583 \/ (146.583+58.083) = 0.716\"><semantics><mrow><mi>I<\/mi><mi>C<\/mi><mi>C<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>146.583<\/mn><mi>\/<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>146.583<\/mn><mo>+<\/mo><mn>58.083<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.716<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">ICC = 146.583 \/ (146.583+58.083) = 0.716<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. \uc989, \uc131\uc801 \ucc28\uc774\uc758 71.6%\ub294 \ud559\uad50 \ucc28\uc774 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4! (\uc6b0\ub9ac \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub300\ub7b5 0.8 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ub192\uac8c \uc124\uc815\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub2e8\uacc4 2: \uc784\uc758 \uc808\ud3b8 \ubaa8\ud615 (Random Intercept Model)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c &#8216;\uc0ac\uad50\uc721 \uc2dc\uac04&#8217;\uc774 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Covariates (\uacf5\ubcc0\ub7c9):<\/strong> <code>Private_Edu<\/code>\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fixed Effects (\uace0\uc815 \ud6a8\uacfc):<\/strong> <code>Private_Edu<\/code>\ub97c \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc62e\uae41\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uad50\uc721 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ubcf4\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Random Effects (\ubcc0\ub7c9 \ud6a8\uacfc):<\/strong> <code>Intercept | School<\/code>\uc774 \uae30\ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc744 \uac81\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 &#8220;\ud559\uad50\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810(\ud3c9\uade0 \uc810\uc218)\uc740 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(4) \uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d (\uac00\uc0c1)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\ud6a8\uacfc (Effect)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\ucd94\uc815\uce58 (Estimate)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\uc758\ubbf8<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Intercept (\uc808\ud3b8)<\/strong><\/td><td>57.326<\/td><td>\uc0ac\uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc804\ud600 \uc548 \ud588\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc810\uc218<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Private_Edu (\uc0ac\uad50\uc721)<\/strong><\/td><td>3.024<\/td><td>\uc0ac\uad50\uc721 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 1\uc2dc\uac04 \ub298 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc218\ud559 \uc810\uc218\uac00 \uc57d 3.024\uc810 \uc624\ub984<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Random Effect (School)<\/strong><\/td><td>Variance <math data-latex=\"\\approx\"><semantics><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2248<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\approx<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> 97.085<\/td><td>\ud559\uad50 \uac04 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc810\uc218 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud07c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uacb0\ub860:<\/strong> \uc218\uc6d0\uc2dc \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc218\ud559 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0ac\uad50\uc721 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud55c \uae0d\uc815\uc801 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4(<math data-latex=\"\\beta \\approx 3\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mo>\u2248<\/mo><mn>3<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta \\approx 3<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>). \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud559\uad50 \uac04\uc758 \ud3b8\ucc28(<math data-latex=\"\\sigma_u^2\"><semantics><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\sigma_u^2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uac00 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud06c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub2c8\ub290\ub0d0\uac00 \uc131\uc801\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uc77c\ubc18 \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4\uba74, \uc774 \uac70\ub300\ud55c &#8216;\ud559\uad50 \ud6a8\uacfc&#8217;\ub97c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uad50\uc721\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uacfc\ub300\/\uacfc\uc18c \ucd94\uc815\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc720\uc758\uc131 \uac80\uc815\uc5d0 \uc624\ub958\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \uc694\uc57d \ubc0f \ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uacc4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc65c \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c\uc9c0 \ubc30\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uad6c\uc870:<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd\uc740 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0, \ud658\uc790\ub294 \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0 &#8216;\ub0b4\uc7ac(Nested)&#8217;\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131 \uc704\ubc18:<\/strong> \uc774\ub97c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uba74 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uc624\ub958\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud574\uacb0\ucc45:<\/strong> \ubcc0\ub7c9\ud6a8\uacfc(Random Effect)\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uc5ec \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uac04 \ucc28\uc774\uc640 \uc9d1\ub2e8 \ub0b4 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud558\uace0, \ub354 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ucd94\uc815\uc744 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc (References)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aitkin, M., &amp; Longford, N. (1986). Statistical modeling issues in school effectiveness studies. <em>Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A<\/em>, 149, 1-43.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chatterjee, S., &amp; Simonoff, J. S. (2013). <em>Handbook of regression analysis<\/em>. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gelman, A., &amp; Hill, J. (2007). <em>Data analysis using regression and multilevel\/hierarchical models<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Laird, N. M., &amp; Ware, J. H. (1982). Random effects models for longitudinal data. <em>Biometrics<\/em>, 38, 963-974.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raudenbush, S. W., &amp; Bryk, A. S. (2002). <em>Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods<\/em> (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simonoff, J. S., Scott, M. A., &amp; Marx, B. D. (2013). <em>The SAGE handbook of multilevel modeling<\/em>. SAGE Publications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694? \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Modeling) \uac15\uc758\uc5d0 \uc624\uc2e0 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc744 \ud658\uc601\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ub294 \uc774\ubc88 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc988\ub97c \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ud5e4\uccd0\ub098\uac08 WaurimaL\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ud1b5\uacc4 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc744 \uc678\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc65c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub80c\uc988\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ubd10\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc544\uc8fc \uae30\ucd08\uc801\uc778 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ubd80\ud130 \ub2e4\ub904\ubcf4\ub824 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd\ub3c4 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc26c\uc6b4 \ube44\uc720\ub97c \uc11e\uc5b4\uac00\uba70, \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub300\ud559\uc6d0 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uae4a\uc774\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub193\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uad50\uc7ac\uc758 \uc11c\ub860(Introduction) <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=701\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[399],"tags":[402,401,145,199,400],"class_list":["post-701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-multilevel","tag-handbook","tag-icc","tag-jamovi","tag-r","tag-400"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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