{"id":706,"date":"2026-01-17T22:17:59","date_gmt":"2026-01-17T13:17:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=706"},"modified":"2026-01-17T22:44:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-17T13:44:26","slug":"chap01-the-multilevel-model-framework","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=706","title":{"rendered":"Chap01. The Multilevel Model Framework"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uae30\ucd08\uc801\uc778 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc778 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ub378 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<strong> &#8220;\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130&#8221;<\/strong>\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 <strong>jamovi<\/strong>\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 <strong>R<\/strong> \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc81c1\uc7a5. \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Models)\uc758 \uc138\uacc4: \uad50\uc2e4 \uc18d \uc544\uc774\ub4e4, \ud559\uad50 \uc18d \uad50\uc2e4<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc11c\ub860: \uc65c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 &#8216;\uce35(Level)&#8217;\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud560\uae4c\uc694?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \uacb0\ucf54 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uc12c\ucc98\ub7fc \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ud1b5\uacc4 \ubd84\uc11d(\uc608: \ub2e8\uc21c \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d)\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud604\uc2e4\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4\uac00\uc694?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>&#8220;\ud559\uc0dd\uc740 \ud559\uae09\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud574 \uc788\uace0, \ud559\uae09\uc740 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud574 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ud559\uad50\ub294 \uad50\uc721\uccad(\uc9c0\uc5ed)\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud574 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.&#8221;<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c <strong>\uc704\uacc4\uc801 \uad6c\uc870(Hierarchical Structure)<\/strong> \ub610\ub294 <strong>\ub0b4\uc7ac\ub41c \uad6c\uc870(Nested Structure)<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc774 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub420\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uc624\ub958:<\/strong> \uac19\uc740 \ubc18 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uac19\uc740 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8, \uac19\uc740 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub97c \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc11c\ub85c \ube44\uc2b7\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ud07d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uba74 \ud45c\uc900\uc624\ucc28(Standard Error)\uac00 \uc798\ubabb \uacc4\uc0b0\ub418\uc5b4, \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294\ub370\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ucc29\uac01\ud558\ub294(1\uc885 \uc624\ub958) \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \uc2e4\uc218\ub97c \ubc94\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131(\uc9c0\ub2a5)\uacfc \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131(\ud559\uad50 \ud48d\ud1a0)\uc744 \ub4a4\uc11e\uc5b4 \ubc84\ub824, \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uac1c\uc778(1\uc218\uc900)\uacfc \uc9d1\ub2e8(2\uc218\uc900)\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uace0\ub824\ud558\ub294 <strong>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Modeling)<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c\ubd80\ud130 <strong>&#8216;\ud589\ubcf5 \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uad50&#8217;<\/strong>\uc758 \uac00\uc0c1 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \ub9c8\ubc95\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131: \ud589\ubcf5 \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 \uc774\uc57c\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc5f0\uad6c \ubb38\uc81c:<\/strong> &#8220;\ud559\uc0dd\uc758 <strong>\ub3c5\uc11c \uc990\uac70\uc6c0(Enjoyment)<\/strong>\uc740 <strong>\ud559\uc5c5 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4(Achievement)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294\uac00? \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 <strong>\ub2f4\uc784 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc758 \uacbd\ub825(Teacher Experience)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294\uac00?&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <code>Rj<\/code> \uc5d0\ub514\ud130\ub97c \uc4f0\uac70\ub098, \uc774 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub85c \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c CSV\ub97c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc640\uc11c \ubd84\uc11d\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud558\uba74 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># &#91;R Code: \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131]\nset.seed(2026)\n\n# 1. \uad6c\uc870 \uc124\uc815\nn_schools &lt;- 20    # \ud559\uad50 \uc218 (Level 2)\nn_students &lt;- 30   # \ud559\uad50\ub2f9 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218 (Level 1)\nN &lt;- n_schools * n_students\n\n# 2. \ud559\uad50(Level 2) \ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131\nschool_id &lt;- rep(1:n_schools, each = n_students)\nteacher_exp &lt;- rep(rnorm(n_schools, mean = 10, sd = 5), each = n_students) # \uad50\uc0ac \uacbd\ub825\n# \ud559\uad50\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810(\uc808\ud3b8)\uacfc \ub3c5\uc11c \ud6a8\uacfc(\uae30\uc6b8\uae30)\uac00 \ub2e4\ub984\uc744 \uac00\uc815\nu0 &lt;- rep(rnorm(n_schools, mean = 0, sd = 5), each = n_students) # \ud559\uad50\ubcc4 \uc808\ud3b8 \ucc28\uc774 (Random Intercept)\nu1 &lt;- rep(rnorm(n_schools, mean = 0, sd = 2), each = n_students) # \ud559\uad50\ubcc4 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30 \ucc28\uc774 (Random Slope)\n\n# 3. \ud559\uc0dd(Level 1) \ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131\nenjoyment &lt;- rnorm(N, mean = 50, sd = 10) # \ub3c5\uc11c \uc990\uac70\uc6c0\nerror &lt;- rnorm(N, mean = 0, sd = 5)       # \uac1c\uc778 \uc624\ucc28\n\n# 4. \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (\ub2e4\uce35 \uad6c\uc870 \ubc18\uc601)\n# \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4 = \uc804\uccb4\ud3c9\uade0 + (\uc804\uccb4\uae30\uc6b8\uae30 * \uc990\uac70\uc6c0) + \ud559\uad50\ubcc4\uc808\ud3b8 + (\ud559\uad50\ubcc4\uae30\uc6b8\uae30 * \uc990\uac70\uc6c0) + (\uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9: \uad50\uc0ac\uacbd\ub825 * \uc990\uac70\uc6c0) + \uc624\ucc28\nbeta0 &lt;- 40 # \uae30\ubcf8 \uc808\ud3b8\nbeta1 &lt;- 0.5 # \ub3c5\uc11c \uc990\uac70\uc6c0\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \ud6a8\uacfc\nbeta2 &lt;- 0.3 # \uad50\uc0ac \uacbd\ub825\uc758 \uc870\uc808 \ud6a8\uacfc (Cross-level interaction)\n\nachievement &lt;- (beta0 + u0) + (beta1 + u1 + beta2 * teacher_exp) * enjoyment + error\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130\ud504\ub808\uc784 \uc0dd\uc131\ndata &lt;- data.frame(SchoolID = as.factor(school_id), \n                   Achievement = achievement, \n                   Enjoyment = enjoyment, \n                   TeacherExp = teacher_exp)\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud655\uc778 (\uc0c1\uc704 5\uac1c)\nhead(data)\n\n# CSV \uc800\uc7a5 (jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\uae30 \uc704\ud568)\nwrite.csv(data, \"chap01.csv\", row.names = FALSE)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \ud559\uc0dd(<math data-latex=\"i\"><semantics><mi>i<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">i<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc740 \ud559\uad50(<math data-latex=\"j\"><semantics><mi>j<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(<math data-latex=\"i \\subset j\"><semantics><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mo>\u2282<\/mo><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">i \\subset j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-0982a1fd-43ce-4faf-881e-0f51db93f993\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/chap01.csv\">chap01<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/chap01.csv\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-0982a1fd-43ce-4faf-881e-0f51db93f993\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uae30\ucd08: \uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc\uc640 \ubb34\uc120\ud6a8\uacfc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud575\uc2ec \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uad6c\ubcc4\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc (Fixed Effects):<\/strong> \uc804\uccb4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ud3c9\uade0\uc801\uc778 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#8220;\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c5\uc11c\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud558\uba74 \uc131\uc801\uc774 \uc624\ub978\ub2e4&#8221;\ub77c\ub294 \uba85\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c &#8216;\uc624\ub978\ub2e4&#8217;\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0\uac12\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb34\uc120\ud6a8\uacfc (Random Effects):<\/strong> \uc9d1\ub2e8(\ud559\uad50)\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uad50\ub294 \ud3c9\uade0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc131\uc801\uc774 \ub354 \ub192\uace0(\uc808\ud3b8\uc758 \ucc28\uc774), \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uad50\ub294 \ub3c5\uc11c\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ub354 \uac15\ub825\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uae30\uc6b8\uae30\uc758 \ucc28\uc774). \uc774 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ud655\ub960\ubd84\ud3ec(\uc8fc\ub85c \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec)\ub85c \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubaa8\ud615 1: \ubb34\uc120 \uc808\ud3b8 \ubaa8\ud615 (Random Intercept Model)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac00\uc7a5 \uae30\ucd08\uc801\uc778 \ubaa8\ud615\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uba3c\uc800 &#8220;\uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uad50\ub294 \uc560\ucd08\uc5d0 \uc131\uc801\uc774 \ub354 \uc798 \ub098\uc624\ub294\uac00?&#8221;\ub97c \ubb3b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uadf8\ub9bc\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub9ac\uba74 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud559\uad50\uc758 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\ub294 \uac19\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810(\uc808\ud3b8)\uc758 \ub192\ub0ae\uc774\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud3c9\ud589\uc120\ub4e4\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc218\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"\\begin{aligned} \\text{Level 1 (\ud559\uc0dd):} &amp; \\quad y_{ij} = \\beta_{0j} + \\beta_{1}x_{ij} + \\epsilon_{ij} \\\\ \\text{Level 2 (\ud559\uad50):} &amp; \\quad \\beta_{0j} = \\beta_{0} + u_{0j} \\end{aligned}\"><semantics><mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" class=\"tml-jot\"><mtr><mtd class=\"tml-right\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mtext>Level&nbsp;1&nbsp;(\ud559\uc0dd):<\/mtext><\/mtd><mtd class=\"tml-left\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mtd><\/mtr><mtr><mtd class=\"tml-right\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mtext>Level&nbsp;2&nbsp;(\ud559\uad50):<\/mtext><\/mtd><mtd class=\"tml-left\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\begin{aligned} \\text{Level 1 (\ud559\uc0dd):} &amp; \\quad y_{ij} = \\beta_{0j} + \\beta_{1}x_{ij} + \\epsilon_{ij} \\\\ \\text{Level 2 (\ud559\uad50):} &amp; \\quad \\beta_{0j} = \\beta_{0} + u_{0j} \\end{aligned}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math data-latex=\"y_{ij}\"><semantics><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{ij}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <math data-latex=\"j\"><semantics><mi>j<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ud559\uad50 <math data-latex=\"i\"><semantics><mi>i<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">i<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"\\beta_{0j}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta_{0j}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <math data-latex=\"j\"><semantics><mi>j<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ud559\uad50\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4 (\ud559\uad50\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub2e4\ub984)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"\\beta_{0}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta_{0}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: \uc804\uccb4 \ud559\uad50\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4 (\uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"u_{0j}\"><semantics><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u_{0j}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <math data-latex=\"j\"><semantics><mi>j<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ud559\uad50\uac00 \uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ubc97\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub294\uac00? (\ubb34\uc120\ud6a8\uacfc, \uc794\ucc28)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>[jamovi \ubd84\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Linear Models<\/code> -&gt; <code>Linear Mixed Model<\/code> \uc120\ud0dd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dependent Variable: <code>Achievement<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Covariates: <code>Enjoyment<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cluster Variable (Grouping): <code>SchoolID<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Random Effects:<\/strong> <code>Intercept | SchoolID<\/code> \uccb4\ud06c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 <strong>\uae09\ub0b4\uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218(ICC)<\/strong>\ub97c \uad6c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc804\uccb4 \uc131\uc801 \ucc28\uc774 \uc911 \ud559\uad50 \uac04 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ub418\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d ICC\uac00 0\uc5d0 \uac00\uae5d\ub2e4\uba74 \uad73\uc774 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc4f8 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud559\uad50 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubcf4\ud1b5 0.1~0.3 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubaa8\ud615 2: \ubb34\uc120 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30 \ubaa8\ud615 (Random Slope Model)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \ub354 \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ub358\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#8220;\ub3c5\uc11c\uc758 \uc990\uac70\uc6c0\uc774 \uc131\uc801\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \ud559\uad50\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub2e4\ub978\uac00?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub3c5\uc11c\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud558\uba74 \uc131\uc801\uc774 \uc465\uc465 \uc624\ub974\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubcc4 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\uac00 \ud559\uad50\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc218\uc2dd\uc774 \uc870\uae08 \ub354 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud574\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"\\begin{aligned} \\text{Level 1:} &amp; \\quad y_{ij} = \\beta_{0j} + \\beta_{1j}x_{ij} + \\epsilon_{ij} \\\\ \\text{Level 2:} &amp; \\quad \\beta_{0j} = \\beta_{0} + u_{0j} \\quad (\\text{\uc808\ud3b8\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub984}) \\\\ &amp; \\quad \\beta_{1j} = \\beta_{1} + u_{1j} \\quad (\\text{\uae30\uc6b8\uae30\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub984}) \\end{aligned}\"><semantics><mtable displaystyle=\"true\" columnalign=\"right left\" class=\"tml-jot\"><mtr><mtd class=\"tml-right\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mtext>Level&nbsp;1:<\/mtext><\/mtd><mtd class=\"tml-left\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><\/mtd><\/mtr><mtr><mtd class=\"tml-right\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mtext>Level&nbsp;2:<\/mtext><\/mtd><mtd class=\"tml-left\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mtext>\uc808\ud3b8\ub3c4&nbsp;\ub2e4\ub984<\/mtext><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mtd><\/mtr><mtr><mtd class=\"tml-right\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><\/mrow><\/mtd><mtd class=\"tml-left\" style=\"padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;\"><mrow><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mspace width=\"1em\"><\/mspace><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mtext>\uae30\uc6b8\uae30\ub3c4&nbsp;\ub2e4\ub984<\/mtext><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mtd><\/mtr><\/mtable><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\begin{aligned} \\text{Level 1:} &amp; \\quad y_{ij} = \\beta_{0j} + \\beta_{1j}x_{ij} + \\epsilon_{ij} \\\\ \\text{Level 2:} &amp; \\quad \\beta_{0j} = \\beta_{0} + u_{0j} \\quad (\\text{\uc808\ud3b8\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub984}) \\\\ &amp; \\quad \\beta_{1j} = \\beta_{1} + u_{1j} \\quad (\\text{\uae30\uc6b8\uae30\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub984}) \\end{aligned}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \uc544\ub798 \uadf8\ub9bc\ucc98\ub7fc \uac01 \ud559\uad50\uc758 \ud68c\uadc0\uc120\ub4e4\uc774 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub974\uace0 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\ub3c4 \uc81c\uac01\uac01\uc778 &#8216;\uc2a4\ud30c\uac8c\ud2f0&#8217; \uac19\uc740 \ubaa8\uc591\uc744 \ub771\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-1-1024x585.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-708\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-1-1024x585.png 1024w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-1-300x171.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-1-768x439.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-1-624x357.png 624w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-1.png 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>[jamovi \ubd84\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc704\uc758 \uc124\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>Random Effects<\/strong>\uc5d0 <code>Enjoyment<\/code> \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uc5ec <code>Slope<\/code>\ub97c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. (<code>Enjoyment + Intercept | SchoolID<\/code>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \uc124\uba85\ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ucd94\uac00\uc640 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9 (Contextual Effects)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uacc4\uce35 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\uc65c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uad50\ub294 \ub3c5\uc11c \ud6a8\uacfc(\uae30\uc6b8\uae30)\uac00 \ub354 \ud074\uae4c?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8 \uc774\uc720\uac00 &#8216;\uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc758 \uacbd\ub825(TeacherExp)&#8217; \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uac00\uc124\uc744 \uc138\uc6e0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ud559\uad50 \uc218\uc900(Level 2)\uc758 \ubcc0\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc218\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub123\uc73c\uba74 \ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \uc77c\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2\uc218\uc900 \ubcc0\uc218(\uad50\uc0ac \uacbd\ub825)\uac00 1\uc218\uc900 \ubcc0\uc218(\ub3c5\uc11c \uc990\uac70\uc6c0)\uc758 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uac8c \ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub97c <strong>&#8216;\uce35\uac04 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9(Cross-level Interaction)&#8217;<\/strong>\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"y_{ij} = \\beta_{0} + \\beta_{1}x_{ij} + \\beta_{2}W_{j} + \\beta_{3}(x_{ij} \\times W_{j}) + (u_{0j} + u_{1j}x_{ij} + \\epsilon_{ij})\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>W<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msub><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>\u00d7<\/mo><msub><mi>W<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>+<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{ij} = \\beta_{0} + \\beta_{1}x_{ij} + \\beta_{2}W_{j} + \\beta_{3}(x_{ij} \\times W_{j}) + (u_{0j} + u_{1j}x_{ij} + \\epsilon_{ij})<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c <math data-latex=\"x_{ij}\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_{ij}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \ub3c5\uc11c \uc990\uac70\uc6c0, <math data-latex=\"W_{j}\"><semantics><msub><mi>W<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">W_{j}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \uad50\uc0ac \uacbd\ub825\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. <math data-latex=\"\\beta_{3}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>3<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta_{3}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uac00 \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub2e4\uba74, &#8220;\uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uacbd\ub825\uc774 \ub9ce\uc744\uc218\ub85d \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \ub3c5\uc11c \uc990\uac70\uc6c0\uc774 \uc131\uc801\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uae0d\uc815\uc801 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ub354 \ucee4\uc9c4\ub2e4&#8221;\uace0 \ud574\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>library(lme4)\nlibrary(lmerTest) # p-value \ud655\uc778\uc6a9\nlibrary(ggplot2)\n\n# \ubaa8\ud615 \uc801\ud569: \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4 ~ \ub3c5\uc11c*\uacbd\ub825 + (1+\ub3c5\uc11c|\ud559\uad50)\n# * \uae30\ud638\ub97c \uc4f0\uba74 \uc8fc\ud6a8\uacfc\uc640 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\nfull_model &lt;- lmer(Achievement ~ Enjoyment * TeacherExp + (1 + Enjoyment | SchoolID), \n                   data = data)\n\n# \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\nsummary(full_model)\n\n# --- \uc2dc\uac01\ud654: \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9 \ud6a8\uacfc \ud655\uc778 ---\n# \uad50\uc0ac \uacbd\ub825\uc744 '\uace0\uacbd\ub825'\uacfc '\uc800\uacbd\ub825' \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84 (\uc2dc\uac01\ud654 \ubaa9\uc801)\ndata$ExpGroup &lt;- ifelse(data$TeacherExp > mean(data$TeacherExp), \n                        \"High Experience\", \"Low Experience\")\ndata$pred &lt;- predict(full_model)\n\nggplot(data, aes(x = Enjoyment, y = pred, color = ExpGroup)) +\n  geom_point(alpha = 0.1) + # \uac1c\ubcc4 \ud559\uc0dd \uc810\uc218 (\ud750\ub9bf\ud558\uac8c)\n  geom_smooth(method = \"lm\", se = FALSE, linewidth = 1.5) + # \uc9d1\ub2e8\ubcc4 \ud68c\uadc0\uc120 (\uad75\uac8c!)\n  theme_minimal() +\n  scale_color_manual(values = c(\"blue\", \"orange\")) +\n  labs(title = \"\uad50\uc0ac \uacbd\ub825\uc774 \ub3c5\uc11c \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud558\ub294\uac00?\",\n       subtitle = \"High Experience \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\uac00 \ub354 \uac00\ud30c\ub974\ub2e4\uba74 \uc870\uc808\ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\",\n       x = \"\ub3c5\uc11c \uc990\uac70\uc6c0\", y = \"\uc608\uce21\ub41c \ud559\uc5c5 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"796\" height=\"547\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-712\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-3.png 796w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-3-300x206.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-3-768x528.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-3-624x429.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>[jamovi \ubd84\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u2605 \ud575\uc2ec: \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9 \ud56d \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30 (Fixed Effects):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Fixed Effects<\/code> \ud0ed\uc744 \uc5fd\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc67c\ucabd \ubcc0\uc218 \ubaa9\ub85d\uc5d0\uc11c <code>Enjoyment<\/code>\uc640 <code>TeacherExp<\/code>\ub97c <strong>\ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc120\ud0dd<\/strong>(Ctrl\/Shift \ud074\ub9ad)\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uac00\uc6b4\ub370 <strong>[Interaction]<\/strong> \ubc84\ud2bc\uc744 \ub204\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc624\ub978\ucabd \ubc15\uc2a4\uc5d0 <code>Enjoyment \u273b TeacherExp<\/code> \ud56d\ubaa9\uc774 \uc0dd\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacb0\uacfc \ud655\uc778:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Fixed Effects Parameter Estimates<\/code> \ud45c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9 \ud56d(<code>Enjoyment \u273b TeacherExp<\/code>)\uc758 <strong>p-value<\/strong>\uac00 0.05 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc778\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uadf8\ub798\ud504 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Estimated Marginal Means<\/code> \ud0ed\uc5d0\uc11c <code>Enjoyment \u273b TeacherExp<\/code> \ud56d\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\uc5ec \uc544\ub798\ub85c \ub0b4\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \ud574\uc11d\uacfc \uad50\ud6c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubcf4\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud328\ud134\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Intercept (\uc808\ud3b8):<\/strong> \ud559\uad50 \uac04 \uc131\uc801 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. (ICC > 0)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Enjoyment (\uc8fc\ud6a8\uacfc):<\/strong> \ub3c5\uc11c\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud560\uc218\ub85d \uc131\uc801\uc774 \uc624\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uae30\uc6b8\uae30 > 0)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interaction (\uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9):<\/strong> <strong>\uad50\uc0ac \uacbd\ub825\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \ud559\uad50\uc77c\uc218\ub85d \ub3c5\uc11c\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc(\uae30\uc6b8\uae30)\uac00 \ub354 \uac00\ud30c\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/strong> \uc989, \ub178\ub828\ud55c \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc740 \ub3c5\uc11c\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud558\ub294 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc7a0\uc7ac\ub825\uc744 \ub354 \ud06c\uac8c \uc131\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud574 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \ud480\ub9c1(Pooling)\uc758 \ubbf8\ud559: \uc815\ubcf4\uc758 \uc904\ub2e4\ub9ac\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc740 &#8220;\uc644\uc804 \uacb0\ud569(Fully Pooled)&#8221;\uacfc &#8220;\ube44\uacb0\ud569(Fully Unpooled)&#8221; \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ud0c0\ud611\uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc544\uc8fc \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) \uc644\uc804 \uacb0\ud569 (Complete Pooling)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uac1c\ub150:<\/strong> &#8220;\ud559\uad50 \ucc28\uc774\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5b4!&#8221; \ud558\uace0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud55c \ud1b5\uc5d0 \ub123\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb38\uc81c:<\/strong> \ud559\uad50 \uac04\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) \ube44\uacb0\ud569 (No Pooling)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uac1c\ub150:<\/strong> &#8220;\ud559\uad50\ub294 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub2ec\ub77c!&#8221; \ud558\uace0 \uac01 \ud559\uad50\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub530\ub85c\ub530\ub85c \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 20\ubc88 \ub3cc\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb38\uc81c:<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\uac00 \uc801\uc740 \ud559\uad50\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud574 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uc5c9\ub9dd\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uacfc\uc801\ud569).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3) \ubd80\ubd84 \uacb0\ud569 (Partial Pooling) = \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uac1c\ub150:<\/strong> \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \uc774 \ub458\uc758 \uc911\uac04\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud559\uad50\ubcc4 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub418, \uc804\uccb4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc131\ub3c4 \ube4c\ub824\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc218\ucd95 \ud6a8\uacfc (Shrinkage):<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\uac00 \uc801\uac70\ub098 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ubd88\uc548\uc815\ud55c \ud559\uad50\uc758 \ucd94\uc815\uce58\ub294 \uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\uc9dd \ub2f9\uaca8\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ub9c8\uce58 &#8220;\uc798 \ubaa8\ub97c \ub54c\ub294 \ub0a8\ub4e4\uc774 \ud558\ub294 \ub9cc\ud07c\uc740 \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uce58\uc790&#8221;\ub294 \uc9c0\ud61c\uc640 \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud6e8\uc52c \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ucd94\uc815\uce58\ub97c \uc5bb\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \uc2dc\uac01\ud654: R\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uadf8\ub798\ud504<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>library(ggplot2)\nlibrary(lme4)\n\n# \ubaa8\ud615 \uc801\ud569 (Random Slope Model)\nmodel &lt;- lmer(Achievement ~ Enjoyment + (1 + Enjoyment | SchoolID), data = data)\n\n# \uc608\uce21\uac12 \uc0dd\uc131\ndata$pred &lt;- predict(model)\n\n# \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\nggplot(data, aes(x = Enjoyment, y = Achievement, group = SchoolID)) +\n  geom_point(alpha = 0.3, color = \"gray\") + # \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc810\n  geom_line(aes(y = pred, color = as.factor(SchoolID)), size = 0.8) + # \ud559\uad50\ubcc4 \ud68c\uadc0\uc120 (Random Slopes)\n  geom_abline(intercept = fixef(model)&#91;1], slope = fixef(model)&#91;2], \n              color = \"black\", size = 1.5, linetype = \"dashed\") + # \uc804\uccb4 \uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc (\ud3c9\uade0\uc120)\n  theme_minimal() +\n  labs(title = \"\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc: \ud559\uad50\ubcc4 \ub3c5\uc11c \uc990\uac70\uc6c0\uacfc \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4\",\n       subtitle = \"\uac80\uc740 \uc810\uc120\uc740 \uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0(Fixed Effect), \uc0c9\uae54 \uc120\uc740 \ud559\uad50\ubcc4 \ud2b9\uc131(Random Effects)\",\n       x = \"\ub3c5\uc11c \uc990\uac70\uc6c0\", y = \"\ud559\uc5c5 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4\", color = \"\ud559\uad50 ID\") +\n  theme(legend.position = \"none\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"796\" height=\"547\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-709\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-2.png 796w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-2-300x206.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-2-768x528.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG01-2-624x429.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \ud655\uc7a5\uacfc \uc801\uc6a9: \ub354 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc138\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uba48\ucd94\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud604\uc2e4\uc740 \ub354 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>3\uc218\uc900 \ubaa8\ud615:<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd <math data-latex=\"\\subset\"><semantics><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2282<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\subset<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \ud559\uae09 <math data-latex=\"\\subset\"><semantics><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2282<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\subset<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \ud559\uad50 <math data-latex=\"\\subset\"><semantics><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2282<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\subset<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc9c0\uc5ed\uad6c&#8230; \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uacc4\uc18d \ud655\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uad50\ucc28 \ubd84\ub958 (Cross-classified) \ubaa8\ud615:<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 &#8216;\ud559\uad50&#8217;\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc18d\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 &#8216;\uac70\uc8fc \uc9c0\uc5ed(\ub3d9\ub124)&#8217;\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc18d\ud560 \ub54c, \ud559\uad50\uc640 \ub3d9\ub124\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ud3ec\ud568\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc544\ub2d0 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uc608: A\ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \uc560\ub4e4\uc774 1\ub3d9, 2\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc11e\uc5ec \uc0bc). \uc774\ub7f4 \ub54c\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \uc720\uc5f0\ud558\uac8c \ub300\ucc98\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569\ubaa8\ud615 (GLMM):<\/strong> \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc810\uc218\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c &#8216;\ud569\uaca9\/\ubd88\ud569\uaca9(0\/1)&#8217;\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0(\ub85c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud2f1)\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. \ub9fa\uc74c\ub9d0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ud1b5\uacc4 \uae30\ubc95\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc14\ub77c\ubcf4\ub294 <strong>&#8216;\uad00\uc810&#8217;<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \ucc98\ud55c \ud658\uacbd(Context)\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uac1c\uc778\uacfc \ud658\uacbd\uc758 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \uc788\ub294 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc874\uc911\ud558\uba70 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\ub3c4 jamovi\uc640 R\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uad50\uc2e4 \uc18d \uc544\uc774\ub4e4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \uac10\uc2f8\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud559\uad50\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \uc22b\uc790\ub85c \ud480\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uc990\uac70\uc6c0\uc744 \ub290\uaef4\ubcf4\uc2dc\uae38 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc (References)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gill, J., &amp; Womack, A. J. (2014). The Multilevel Model Framework. In <em>The SAGE Handbook of Multilevel Modeling<\/em> (pp. 3\u201320). SAGE Publications Ltd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>[WaurimaL\uc758 \ud301]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c <code>lmer<\/code> (Linear Mixed Effects Regression) \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ud574\uc11d\ud560 \ub54c, <strong>Fixed Effects Parameter Estimates<\/strong> \ud45c\ub294 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc131\uc744, <strong>Random Components<\/strong> \ud45c\uc758 Variance(\ubd84\uc0b0)\ub294 \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uac04\uc758 \ucc28\uc774 \ud06c\uae30\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uaf2d \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uc138\uc694!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc624\ub298\uc740 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uae30\ucd08\uc801\uc778 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc778 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ub378 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc6cc\ud06c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. &#8220;\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130&#8221;\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c1\uc7a5. \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Models)\uc758 \uc138\uacc4: \uad50\uc2e4 \uc18d \uc544\uc774\ub4e4, \ud559\uad50 \uc18d \uad50\uc2e4 <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=706\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[399],"tags":[404,401,145,199,400],"class_list":["post-706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-multilevel","tag-gamlj3","tag-icc","tag-jamovi","tag-r","tag-400"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chap01. The Multilevel Model Framework - WaurimaL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=706\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chap01. 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