{"id":764,"date":"2026-01-22T11:40:48","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T02:40:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=764"},"modified":"2026-01-22T11:40:50","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T02:40:50","slug":"chap11-%eb%8b%a4%ec%b8%b5%ec%97%b0%ea%b5%ac-%ec%84%a4%ea%b3%84%ec%8b%9c-%ea%b3%a0%eb%a0%a4%ec%82%ac%ed%95%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=764","title":{"rendered":"Chap11. \ub2e4\uce35\uc5f0\uad6c \uc124\uacc4\uc2dc \uace0\ub824\uc0ac\ud56d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 <strong>&#8220;\ub2e4\uce35 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc124\uacc4\uc758 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654(Sample Size and Power Analysis in Multilevel Designs)&#8221;<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec <strong>&#8216;\ucd5c\uc801 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30 \uc0b0\ucd9c&#8217;<\/strong>\ubd80\ud130 &#8216;\ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131&#8217;, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 <strong>&#8216;\ubd84\uc11d&#8217;<\/strong>\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\ucc38\uace0: jamovi\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5f0\uad6c \uc124\uacc4 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c &#8216;\ucd5c\uc801 \ud45c\ubcf8 \uc0b0\ucd9c&#8217; \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 R\uc758 \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uacc4\uc0b0 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\uc740 jamovi\uc758 \ud63c\ud569\ubaa8\ud615 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc11c\ub860: \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uc758 \uc601\uc6d0\ud55c \ub51c\ub808\ub9c8, &#8220;\ub3c8\uc774\ub0d0, \uc815\ud655\uc131\uc774\ub0d0?&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad50\uc721 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud560 \ub54c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc81c\uc57d \uc870\uac74 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\ubbfc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uac80\uc99d\ub825(Power):<\/strong> \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud798 (\ub192\uc744\uc218\ub85d \uc88b\uc74c).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc608\uc0b0(Budget):<\/strong> \uc5f0\uad6c\ube44\uc640 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \ud55c\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <strong>\ub2e4\uce35 \ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Modeling)<\/strong> \uc0c1\ud669, \uc989 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\uba74 <strong>\uac00\uc7a5 \uc801\uc740 \ube44\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \uc815\ud655\uc131<\/strong>\uc744 \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0, \uadf8 <strong>\ucd5c\uc801 \uc124\uacc4(Optimal Design)<\/strong> \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc54c\ub824\ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uac00\uc0c1 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\ub97c \uc18c\uac1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>[\uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624: \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 &#8216;\ub3c5\uc11c\uc655&#8217;]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad50\uc721\uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559\uc790 \uae40 \uad50\uc218\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub3c5\uc11c \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc774 \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd\uc758 &#8216;\ubb38\ud574\ub825&#8217;\uc744 \ub192\uc774\ub294\uc9c0 \uac80\uc99d\ud558\ub824 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ucd1d \uc608\uc0b0:<\/strong> 1,000\ub9cc \uc6d0 (\uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \ud654\ud3d0 \ub2e8\uc704)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ube44\uc6a9 \uad6c\uc870:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud559\uad50 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uc12d\uc678\ud558\ub294 \ube44\uc6a9(\ud589\uc815 \uc808\ucc28, \ud559\uad50 \ubcf4\uc0c1 \ub4f1): <strong>200\ub9cc \uc6d0 (c)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud559\uc0dd \ud55c \uba85\uc744 \uac80\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \ube44\uc6a9(\uac80\uc0ac\uc9c0, \uac04\uc2dd \ub4f1): <strong>10\ub9cc \uc6d0 (s)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc5f0\uad6c \uc9c8\ubb38:<\/strong> \uba87 \uac1c\uc758 \ud559\uad50\ub97c \uc12d\uc678\ud558\uace0, \ud559\uad50\ub2f9 \uba87 \uba85\uc758 \ud559\uc0dd\uc744 \ubf51\uc544\uc57c \ub0b4 \ub3c8 1,000\ub9cc \uc6d0 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uc744\uae4c\uc694?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \uad70\uc9d1 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ubc30\uc815(Cluster Randomized Trial)\uc758 \uc124\uacc4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \uc65c \ub2e4\uce35 \uc124\uacc4\uc778\uac00?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac00\uc7a5 \uc26c\uc6b4 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uc804\uad6d\uc758 \ud559\uc0dd \uba85\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc791\uc704\ub85c \ud559\uc0dd\uc744 \ubf51\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc2e4\ud589 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131:<\/strong> \ud559\uad50 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \ub3cc\ub824\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc624\uc5fc(Contamination):<\/strong> \ud55c \ubc18\uc5d0\uc11c \ucca0\uc218\ub294 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc9d1\ub2e8, \uc601\ud76c\ub294 \ud1b5\uc81c\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc774\uba74 \uc11c\ub85c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud558\uba70 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc11e\uc5ec\ubc84\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 <strong>\ud559\uad50(Cluster)\ub97c \ud1b5\uc9f8\ub85c \uc2e4\ud5d8\uad70 \ud639\uc740 \ub300\uc870\uad70\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\uc815<\/strong>\ud558\ub294 <strong>\uad70\uc9d1 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ubc30\uc815(Cluster Randomized Trial)<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \uae09\ub0b4\uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218(ICC)\uc640 \uc124\uacc4 \ud6a8\uacfc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uac19\uc740 \ud559\uad50 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4(\ud559\uad50 \ubd84\uc704\uae30, \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5 \ub4f1). \uc774\ub97c <strong>\uae09\ub0b4\uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218(ICC, <\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\rho\"><semantics><mi>\u03c1<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rho<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)<\/strong>\ub77c\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ICC\uac00 \ub192\ub2e4 = \ud559\uad50 \uac04 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \ud06c\ub2e4 = \uac19\uc740 \ud559\uad50 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICC\uac00 \ub192\uc73c\uba74, \ud559\uc0dd\uc744 100\uba85 \ub354 \ubf51\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud559\uad50\ub97c 1\uac1c \ub354 \uc12d\uc678\ud558\ub294 \uac8c \ud6e8\uc52c \uc911\uc694\ud574\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \ucd5c\uc801 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30 \uacf5\uc2dd (The Magic Formula)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc608\uc0b0(<math data-latex=\"B\"><semantics><mi>B<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">B<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>) \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\uce58 \ud6a8\uacfc(<math data-latex=\"\\beta_1\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0(<math data-latex=\"Var(\\hat{\\beta}_1)\"><semantics><mrow><mi>V<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msub><mover><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-capshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">^<\/mo><\/mover><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Var(\\hat{\\beta}_1)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc744 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ud559\uad50 \uc218(<math data-latex=\"K\"><semantics><mi>K<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">K<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc640 \ud559\uad50\ub2f9 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218(<math data-latex=\"n\"><semantics><mi>n<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">n<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"n_{optimal} = \\sqrt{\\frac{c(1-\\rho)}{s\\rho}}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>n<\/mi><mrow><mi>o<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msqrt><mfrac><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>\u03c1<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mrow><mi>s<\/mi><mi>\u03c1<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/msqrt><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">n_{optimal} = \\sqrt{\\frac{c(1-\\rho)}{s\\rho}}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"K_{optimal} = \\frac{B}{c + s \\cdot n}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K<\/mi><mrow><mi>o<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mi>B<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo>\u22c5<\/mo><mi>n<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">K_{optimal} = \\frac{B}{c + s \\cdot n}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math data-latex=\"c\"><semantics><mi>c<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">c<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: \ud559\uad50\ub2f9 \ube44\uc6a9 (200)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"s\"><semantics><mi>s<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">s<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: \ud559\uc0dd\ub2f9 \ube44\uc6a9 (10)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"\\rho\"><semantics><mi>\u03c1<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rho<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: ICC (\uac00\uc815\ub41c \uac12, \ubcf4\ud1b5 0.05~0.10)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74, <strong>ICC(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"\\rho\"><semantics><mi>\u03c1<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rho<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)\uac00 \ucee4\uc9c8\uc218\ub85d \ud559\uad50\ub2f9 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"n\"><semantics><mi>n<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">n<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)\ub294 \uc904\uc5ec\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/strong> \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uac19\uc740 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ce\uc774 \ubf51\uc544\ubd24\uc790 \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \uc911\ubcf5\ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. R\uacfc jamovi\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \ucd5c\uc801 \uc124\uacc4 \ubc0f \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \uae40 \uad50\uc218\uc758 &#8216;\ub3c5\uc11c\uc655&#8217; \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \uc704\ud574 R\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\uc801 \ud45c\ubcf8\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \ucd5c\uc801 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30 \uacc4\uc0b0 (R Code)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uae40 \uad50\uc218\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669: \uc608\uc0b0 10,000, <math data-latex=\"c=200, s=10\"><semantics><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>200<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>10<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">c=200, s=10<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 ICC(<math data-latex=\"\\rho\"><semantics><mi>\u03c1<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rho<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub294 \uc120\ud589\uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 <strong>0.05<\/strong>\ub85c \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># &#91;R Code] \ucd5c\uc801 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30 \uc0b0\ucd9c\n# \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130 \uc124\uc815\nB &lt;- 10000   # \ucd1d \uc608\uc0b0\nc &lt;- 200     # \ud559\uad50(Cluster)\ub2f9 \ube44\uc6a9\ns &lt;- 10      # \ud559\uc0dd(Person)\ub2f9 \ube44\uc6a9\nrho &lt;- 0.05  # \uae09\ub0b4\uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218 (ICC)\n\n# 1. \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218 (n) \uacc4\uc0b0 &#91;cite: 120]\nn_opt &lt;- sqrt((c * (1 - rho)) \/ (s * rho))\n\n# 2. \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ud559\uad50 \uc218 (K) \uacc4\uc0b0 &#91;cite: 119]\nK_opt &lt;- B \/ (c + s * n_opt)\n\n# \uacb0\uacfc \ucd9c\ub825\ncat(\"\ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ud559\uad50\ub2f9 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218 (n):\", round(n_opt, 2), \"\uba85\\n\")\ncat(\"\ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ud559\uad50 \uc218 (K):\", round(K_opt, 2), \"\uac1c\uad50\\n\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>[\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uacc4\uc0b0 \uacb0\uacfc, <math data-latex=\"n \\approx 19.49\"><semantics><mrow><mi>n<\/mi><mo>\u2248<\/mo><mn>19.49<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">n \\approx 19.49<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>, <math data-latex=\"K \\approx 25.32\"><semantics><mrow><mi>K<\/mi><mo>\u2248<\/mo><mn>25.32<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">K \\approx 25.32<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uac00 \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\uc62c\ub9bc\ud558\uc5ec <strong>\ud559\uad50\ub2f9 19\uba85<\/strong>, <strong>\ucd1d 26\uac1c \ud559\uad50(\uc2e4\ud5d8 13, \ud1b5\uc81c 13)<\/strong>\ub97c \uc12d\uc678\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ucd5c\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \ube44\uc6a9 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131 \uc2dc\uac01\ud654 (Design Efficiency Plot)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc544\ub798 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub294 \ud559\uad50\ub2f9 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218(<math data-latex=\"n\"><semantics><mi>n<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">n<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub97c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0ac \ub54c, \ucd94\uc815\uc758 \uc624\ucc28(\ubd84\uc0b0)\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcc0\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub0ae\uc740 \uc9c0\uc810\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># &#91;R Code] \uc2dc\uac01\ud654 \uc0dd\uc131\nlibrary(ggplot2)\n\nn_seq &lt;- seq(5, 50, by = 1) # \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\ub97c 5\uba85\uc5d0\uc11c 50\uba85\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0b4\nK_seq &lt;- B \/ (c + s * n_seq) # \uc608\uc0b0 \uc81c\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud559\uad50 \uc218\n\n# \ubd84\uc0b0 \uacc4\uc0b0 \uacf5\uc2dd (\ub2e8\uc21c\ud654\ub41c \ud615\ud0dc) &#91;cite: 128]\n# g_rho \ubd80\ubd84\uacfc \uc608\uc0b0 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ndesign_var &lt;- function(n, K, rho) {\n  # Standard Error calculation based on Eq 11.3 &amp; 11.6 logic relation\n  # Here we look at relative variance proportional to the function\n  design_effect &lt;- 1 + (n - 1) * rho\n  total_N &lt;- n * K\n  return(design_effect \/ total_N) \n}\n\nvar_values &lt;- design_var(n_seq, K_seq, rho)\n\ndf_plot &lt;- data.frame(n = n_seq, Variance = var_values)\n\nggplot(df_plot, aes(x = n, y = Variance)) +\n  geom_line(color = \"blue\", linewidth = 1.2) +\n  geom_vline(xintercept = 19, linetype = \"dashed\", color = \"red\") +\n  annotate(\"text\", x = 19, y = max(var_values), label = \"Optimal n = 19\", vjust = -1) +\n  labs(title = \"\ucd5c\uc801 \ud45c\ubcf8 \uc124\uacc4: \ud559\uad50\ub2f9 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218 vs. \ucd94\uc815 \uc624\ucc28\",\n       subtitle = \"\uc608\uc0b0 \uace0\uc815 \uc2dc, \ud559\uc0dd\uc744 19\uba85 \ubf51\uc744 \ub54c \uc624\ucc28\uac00 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ub428\",\n       x = \"\ud559\uad50\ub2f9 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218 (n)\", y = \"\uce58\ub8cc \ud6a8\uacfc\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0 (\ub0ae\uc744\uc218\ub85d \uc88b\uc74c)\") +\n  theme_minimal()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"821\" height=\"765\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG11-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-765\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG11-1.png 821w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG11-1-300x280.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG11-1-768x716.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/FIG11-1-624x581.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 821px) 100vw, 821px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uae40 \uad50\uc218\ub294 \ubb34\uc791\uc815 \ud559\uc0dd\uc744 \ub9ce\uc774 \ubf51\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \uc88b\uc740 \uac8c \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, <strong>\ud559\uad50 \uc218\uc640 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\uc758 \ud669\uae08 \ube44\uc728<\/strong>\uc744 \ub9de\ucdb0\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \ubc0f \ubd84\uc11d (Linear Mixed Model)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \ucd5c\uc801 \uc124\uacc4(<math data-latex=\"K=26, n=19\"><semantics><mrow><mi>K<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>26<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mi>n<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>19<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">K=26, n=19<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc218\uc9d1\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub97c jamovi(\ub610\ub294 R\uc758 <code>lmer<\/code>)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (Backstory \ud3ec\ud568)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc0c1\ud669:<\/strong> 26\uac1c \ud559\uad50\ub97c \uc120\uc815, \uc808\ubc18\uc740 &#8216;\ub3c5\uc11c\uc655 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8(Treatment)&#8217;, \uc808\ubc18\uc740 &#8216;\uae30\uc874 \uc218\uc5c5(Control)&#8217; \uc9c4\ud589.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud6a8\uacfc:<\/strong> \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc740 \ubb38\ud574\ub825 \uc810\uc218\ub97c \ud3c9\uade0 5\uc810 \uc815\ub3c4 \ub192\uc5ec\uc904 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub300.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubcc0\uc0b0:<\/strong> \ud559\uad50 \uac04 \ucc28\uc774(ICC) \ubc18\uc601.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># &#91;R Code] \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\nset.seed(123) # \uc7ac\ud604\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc2dc\ub4dc \uc124\uc815\n\nK &lt;- 26       # \ud559\uad50 \uc218\nn &lt;- 19       # \ud559\uad50\ub2f9 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\nN &lt;- K * n    # \ucd1d \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\n\n# \ud559\uad50 ID \ubc0f \uce58\ub8cc \uc9d1\ub2e8 \ubc30\uc815 (0: \ud1b5\uc81c, 1: \ucc98\uce58)\nschool_id &lt;- rep(1:K, each = n)\ntreatment &lt;- rep(c(rep(0, K\/2), rep(1, K\/2)), each = n)\n\n# \ub79c\ub364 \ud6a8\uacfc \uc0dd\uc131 (\ud559\uad50 \uac04 \ucc28\uc774)\nu0j &lt;- rep(rnorm(K, mean = 0, sd = sqrt(5)), each = n) # \ud559\uad50 \ubd84\uc0b0 = 5\n\n# \uc624\ucc28\ud56d \uc0dd\uc131 (\ud559\uc0dd \uac04 \ucc28\uc774)\n# ICC = 0.05 \uc774\ub824\uba74, \ud559\uad50\ubd84\uc0b0\/(\ud559\uad50\ubd84\uc0b0+\uc624\ucc28\ubd84\uc0b0) = 0.05\n# 5 \/ (5 + 95) = 0.05 -> \uc624\ucc28 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc740 95, SD\ub294 \uc57d 9.75\neij &lt;- rnorm(N, mean = 0, sd = sqrt(95))\n\n# \uace0\uc815 \ud6a8\uacfc (\uc9c4\uc9dc \uce58\ub8cc \ud6a8\uacfc = 5\uc810)\nbeta0 &lt;- 50  # \ud3c9\uade0 \uc810\uc218\nbeta1 &lt;- 5   # \uce58\ub8cc \ud6a8\uacfc\n\n# \uc885\uc18d \ubcc0\uc218 (\ubb38\ud574\ub825 \uc810\uc218) \uc0dd\uc131 \n# y_ij = beta0 + beta1*x_j + u_0j + e_ij\ny &lt;- beta0 + beta1 * treatment + u0j + eij\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784 \uc0dd\uc131\ndata_sim &lt;- data.frame(\n  SchoolID = factor(school_id),\n  StudentID = 1:N,\n  Treatment = factor(treatment, labels = c(\"Control\", \"Program\")),\n  Score = y\n)\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud655\uc778\nhead(data_sim)\n\n# CSV\ub85c \uc800\uc7a5 (jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\uae30 \uc704\ud568)\nwrite.csv(data_sim, \"chap11.csv\", row.names = FALSE)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-5704aa63-2c30-458c-8835-f95ceb4c3129\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/chap11.csv\">chap11<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/chap11.csv\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-5704aa63-2c30-458c-8835-f95ceb4c3129\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 jamovi \uc2dd \ubd84\uc11d \uc808\ucc28 (R <code>lme4<\/code> \ubb38\ubc95 \ud65c\uc6a9)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi\uc758 Linear Mixed Models (GAMLj \ubaa8\ub4c8) \uba54\ub274\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c R \ucf54\ub4dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Level 1 (Person):<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd\ubcc4 \ubb38\ud574\ub825 \uc810\uc218 (<code>Score<\/code>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Level 2 (Cluster):<\/strong> \ud559\uad50 (<code>SchoolID<\/code>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Predictor:<\/strong> \ucc98\uce58 \uc5ec\ubd80 (<code>Treatment<\/code>, Level 2 \ubcc0\uc218)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc218\uc2dd \ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e415:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"y_{ij} = \\beta_{0} + \\beta_{1}Treatment_{j} + u_{0j} + \\epsilon_{ij}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mi>T<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mi>e<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><mi>e<\/mi><mi>n<\/mi><msub><mi>t<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{ij} = \\beta_{0} + \\beta_{1}Treatment_{j} + u_{0j} + \\epsilon_{ij}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># &#91;R Code] \ub2e4\uce35 \ubaa8\ud615 \ubd84\uc11d\nlibrary(lme4)\nlibrary(lmerTest)\n\n# \ubaa8\ud615 \uc801\ud569: \uc808\ud3b8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc \ud559\uad50\ubcc4 \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc(Random Intercept) \ud5c8\uc6a9\nmodel &lt;- lmer(Score ~ Treatment + (1 | SchoolID), data = data_sim)\n\n# \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\nsummary(model)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>[\uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fixed Effects:<\/strong> <code>TreatmentProgram<\/code>\uc758 Estimate\uac00 5\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4\uc9c0, p-value\uac00 0.05\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc791\uc740\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 5\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ud588\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc720\uc758\ud558\uac8c \ub098\uc62c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Random Effects:<\/strong> <code>SchoolID<\/code>\uc758 Variance\uac00 \uc124\uacc4 \uc2dc \uac00\uc815\ud55c \ubd84\uc0b0\uacfc \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uc2ec\ud654: \ub354 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\ub4e4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \ub2e4\uae30\uad00 \uc784\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud5d8 (Multisite Trials)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub9cc\uc57d \uae40 \uad50\uc218\uac00 \ud559\uad50 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ubc30\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac8c \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uac01 \ud559\uad50 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ucca0\uc218\ub294 \uc2e4\ud5d8\ubc18, \uc601\ud76c\ub294 \ud1b5\uc81c\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub20c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5a8\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ub97c Multisite Trial\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc7a5\uc810:<\/strong> \ud559\uad50 \ud6a8\uacfc(<math data-latex=\"u_{0j}\"><semantics><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u_{0j}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uac00 \uce58\ub8cc \ud6a8\uacfc \ucd94\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\ubbc0\ub85c \ud6e8\uc52c \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uac80\uc99d\ub825(Power)\uc744 \uac00\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc124\uacc4:<\/strong> \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 <math data-latex=\"Var(\\hat{\\beta}_1)\"><semantics><mrow><mi>V<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msub><mover><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-capshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">^<\/mo><\/mover><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Var(\\hat{\\beta}_1)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc740 \ud559\uad50 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ub354 \uc801\uc740 \uc608\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc720\uc758\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc &#8216;\uc624\uc5fc&#8217; \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc57c\ub9cc \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \ubc18\ubcf5 \uce21\uc815 (Longitudinal Design)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub9cc\uc57d \uae40 \uad50\uc218\uac00 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 1\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uba74\uc11c <strong>\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654<\/strong>\ub97c \ubcf4\uace0 \uc2f6\ub2e4\uba74 \uba87 \ubc88 \uce21\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud560\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc120\ud615 \ubcc0\ud654(\uc9c1\uc120 \uc131\uc7a5)\ub97c \uac00\uc815\ud560 \ub54c:<\/strong> \uc2dc\uc791(Baseline)\uacfc \ub05d(End), \ub531 <strong>2\ubc88<\/strong> \uce21\uc815\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc911\uac04 \uc9c0\uc810 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ube44\uc6a9 \ub300\ube44 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc774\ucc28 \ud568\uc218(\uace1\uc120 \uc131\uc7a5)\ub97c \uac00\uc815\ud560 \ub54c:<\/strong> \ucd5c\uc18c <strong>3\ubc88<\/strong>\uc758 \uce21\uc815\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uba70, \ub4f1\uac04\uaca9\uc73c\ub85c \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc88b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3 \ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \ud574\uacb0\ucc45<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ICC\ub97c \ubaa8\ub97c \ub54c:<\/strong> \ubcf4\ud1b5 \ubb38\ud5cc \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubcf4\uc218\uc801\uc73c\ub85c(\uc57d\uac04 \ub192\uac8c) \uc7a1\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. ICC\ub97c \uc2e4\uc81c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc808\ubc18 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ub0ae\uac8c \uc798\ubabb \uc608\uce21\ud588\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \ucd5c\uc801 \uc124\uacc4 \ub300\ube44 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131 \uc190\uc2e4\uc740 \uc57d 10% \ub0b4\uc678\ub85c \ud06c\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud559\uad50 \ud06c\uae30\uac00 \ub2e4\ub97c \ub54c:<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud559\uad50\uac00 19\uba85\uc77c \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud559\uad50 \uac04 \ud06c\uae30 \ud3b8\ucc28(CV)\uac00 0.5 \uc815\ub3c4\ub77c\uba74, \uacc4\uc0b0\ub41c \ud559\uad50 \uc218(<math data-latex=\"K\"><semantics><mi>K<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">K<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc57d 11% \uc815\ub3c4 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud559\uad50\ub97c \uc12d\uc678\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub97c \ubcf4\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \uacb0\ub860 \ubc0f \uc81c\uc5b8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uc694\uc57d\ud558\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\ub9cc\ud07c\uc774\ub098 <strong>\ud559\uad50 \uc218(Cluster Number)<\/strong>\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ube44\uc6a9 \ud568\uc218<\/strong>\uc640 <strong>ICC<\/strong>\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uba74, \ubb34\uc870\uac74 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud45c\ubcf8\ubcf4\ub2e4 <strong>\ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ube44\uc728<\/strong>\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc774\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud559\uad50\ub97c \ud1b5\uc9f8\ub85c \ubc30\uc815(CRT)\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud559\uad50 \ub0b4 \ubb34\uc120 \ubc30\uc815(Multisite)\uc774 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ub354 \uc720\ub9ac\ud558\ub098, \uc624\uc5fc \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc (APA Style)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Maas, C. J. M., &amp; Hox, J. J. (2005). Sufficient sample sizes for multilevel modeling. <em>Methodology, 1<\/em>(3), 86-92.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Moerbeek, M., &amp; Teerenstra, S. (2011). Optimal design in multilevel experiments. In J. J. Hox &amp; J. K. Roberts (Eds.), <em>Handbook of Advanced Multilevel Analysis<\/em> (pp. 257-281). New York: Routledge.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raudenbush, S. W. (1997). Statistical analysis and optimal design for cluster randomized trials. <em>Psychological Methods, 2<\/em>(2), 173-185.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Snijders, T. A. B., &amp; Bosker, R. J. (1993). Standard errors and sample sizes for two-level research. <em>Journal of Educational Statistics, 18<\/em>(3), 237-259.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Van Breukelen, G. J. P., &amp; Moerbeek, M. (2013). Design considerations in multilevel studies. In M. A. Scott, J. S. Simonoff, &amp; B. D. Marx (Eds.), <em>The SAGE Handbook of Multilevel Modeling<\/em> (pp. 183-200). SAGE Publications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc624\ub298\uc740 &#8220;\ub2e4\uce35 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc124\uacc4\uc758 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654(Sample Size and Power Analysis in Multilevel Designs)&#8221;\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec &#8216;\ucd5c\uc801 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30 \uc0b0\ucd9c&#8217;\ubd80\ud130 &#8216;\ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131&#8217;, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 &#8216;\ubd84\uc11d&#8217;\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\ucc38\uace0: jamovi\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=764\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[399],"tags":[145,199,400,431,433,432],"class_list":["post-764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-multilevel","tag-jamovi","tag-r","tag-400","tag-431","tag-433","tag-432"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chap11. \ub2e4\uce35\uc5f0\uad6c \uc124\uacc4\uc2dc \uace0\ub824\uc0ac\ud56d - WaurimaL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=764\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chap11. \ub2e4\uce35\uc5f0\uad6c \uc124\uacc4\uc2dc \uace0\ub824\uc0ac\ud56d - WaurimaL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc624\ub298\uc740 &#8220;\ub2e4\uce35 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc124\uacc4\uc758 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654(Sample Size and Power Analysis in Multilevel Designs)&#8221;\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec &#8216;\ucd5c\uc801 \ud45c\ubcf8 \ud06c\uae30 \uc0b0\ucd9c&#8217;\ubd80\ud130 &#8216;\ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131&#8217;, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 &#8216;\ubd84\uc11d&#8217;\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 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