{"id":842,"date":"2026-02-04T13:04:21","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T04:04:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=842"},"modified":"2026-02-04T13:08:02","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T04:08:02","slug":"chap15-%ec%9d%bc%eb%b0%98%ed%99%94-%ec%84%a0%ed%98%95-%ed%98%bc%ed%95%a9-%eb%aa%a8%ed%98%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=842","title":{"rendered":"Chap15. \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 <strong>\uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615(Generalized Linear Mixed Models, GLMM)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 <strong>jamovi<\/strong>\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 <strong>R \ucf54\ub4dc<\/strong>\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83c\udf93 \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615(GLMM): \ud559\uad50 \ubc16\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uac04 \uc218\ud559 \uc810\uc218<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubc18\uac11\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298\uc740 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc758 \uaf43\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 <strong>\uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615(GLMM)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud574 \ubcf4\ub824 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub984\ub9cc \ub4e4\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uba38\ub9ac\uac00 \uc9c0\ub048\uac70\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uacaa\ub294 \uc77c\uc0c1\uacfc \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ube44\uc2b7\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc65c GLMM\uc778\uac00? (\ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd\ub3c4 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ube44\uc720)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc774 &#8220;\uc6b0\ub9ac \ubc18 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ubc88 \uc218\ud559 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc5d0 <strong>\ud569\uaca9\ud560\uc9c0 \ubd88\ud569\uaca9\ud560\uc9c0(\uc131\uacf5\/\uc2e4\ud328)<\/strong>&#8220;\ub97c \ub9de\ud788\uace0 \uc2f6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d(Linear Regression)<\/strong>\uc740 &#8220;\uc810\uc218&#8221;\ucc98\ub7fc \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc22b\uc790\ub97c \uc608\uce21\ud560 \ub54c \uc501\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 &#8220;\ud569\uaca9(1) \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \ubd88\ud569\uaca9(0)&#8221;\uc778 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uacb0\uacfc\ub9cc \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\ub85c \ud0a4\ub97c \uc7ac\ub294 \uac8c \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ub3d9\uc804\uc758 \uc55e\uba74\/\ub4b7\uba74\uc744 \ub9de\ud788\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc8e0. \uc774\ub54c \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc774 <strong>&#8216;\uc77c\ubc18\ud654(Generalized)&#8217;<\/strong> \uc120\ud615 \ubaa8\ud615\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 <strong>&#8216;\ubc18(Class)&#8217;<\/strong>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubc14\uad6c\ub2c8\uc5d0 \ub2f4\uaca8 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubc18 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc740 \uc124\uba85\uc744 \uc544\uc8fc \uc798\ud574\uc11c \uadf8 \ubc18 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud569\uaca9\ub960\uc774 \ub192\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc8e0. \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac \uc11c\ub85c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\uace0\ubc1b\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac78 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uba74 \uc5c9\ud130\ub9ac \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c <strong>&#8216;\ud63c\ud569(Mixed)&#8217;<\/strong> \ubaa8\ud615, \uc989 \ub2e4\uce35 \ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ub458\uc744 \ud569\uce5c \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c <strong>GLMM<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. <strong>&#8220;\uacb0\uacfc\uac00 0\/1\uc774\uac70\ub098 \ud69f\uc218(Count)\uc774\uba74\uc11c, \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc9d1\ub2e8(\ud559\uad50, \ubc18)\uc73c\ub85c \ubb36\uc5ec \uc788\uc744 \ub54c&#8221;<\/strong> \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\uc8e0<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624: &#8220;\uc218\ud559 \ucc4c\ub9b0\uc9c0 \uc131\uacf5 \uc608\uce21 \ub300\uc791\uc804&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc5f0\uad6c \ubb38\uc81c<\/strong>: \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 <strong>\uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10<\/strong>\uacfc <strong>\uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uad50\uc218\ubc95(\ud601\uc2e0\uc801 vs \uc804\ud1b5\uc801)<\/strong>\uc774 \uc218\ud559 \ucc4c\ub9b0\uc9c0 <strong>\uc131\uacf5 \uc5ec\ubd80(\uc131\uacf5\/\uc2e4\ud328)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uad6c\uc870<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1\uc218\uc900(\ud559\uc0dd)<\/strong>: \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10(Self_Efficacy), \ucc4c\ub9b0\uc9c0 \uc131\uacf5\uc5ec\ubd80(Success, 0=\uc2e4\ud328, 1=\uc131\uacf5)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2\uc218\uc900(\ud559\uae09)<\/strong>: \uad50\uc218\ubc95(Teaching_Method, 0=\uc804\ud1b5\uc801, 1=\ud601\uc2e0\uc801)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud2b9\uc774\uc0ac\ud56d<\/strong>: \uc131\uacf5 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub294 0\uacfc 1\ub85c \ub41c \uc774\ubd84\ud615 \ubcc0\uc218(Binary outcome)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. R\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \ubc0f \uc2dc\uac01\ud654<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uba3c\uc800, \uc2e4\uc81c \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uacfc \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac \ub85c\ub4dc\nlibrary(lme4)\nlibrary(ggplot2)\nlibrary(dplyr)\nlibrary(sjPlot) # \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uc6a9\n\n# 1. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \uc124\uc815\nset.seed(2025) # \uc7ac\ud604\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc2dc\ub4dc \uc124\uc815\nn_classes &lt;- 50      # \ud559\uae09 \uc218 (2\uc218\uc900)\nn_students &lt;- 30     # \ud559\uae09\ub2f9 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218 (1\uc218\uc900)\nN &lt;- n_classes * n_students\n\n# 2. 2\uc218\uc900(\ud559\uae09) \ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131\nclass_id &lt;- rep(1:n_classes, each = n_students)\n# \uad50\uc218\ubc95: \uc808\ubc18\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801(0), \uc808\ubc18\uc740 \ud601\uc2e0\uc801(1)\nteaching_method &lt;- rep(rep(c(0, 1), each = n_classes\/2), each = n_students)\n# \ud559\uae09 \ud6a8\uacfc (Random Intercept): \ud559\uae09\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc131\uacf5\ub960\uc774 \ub2e4\ub984\nclass_effect &lt;- rep(rnorm(n_classes, mean = 0, sd = 1.5), each = n_students)\n\n# 3. 1\uc218\uc900(\ud559\uc0dd) \ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131\n# \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10: \ud3c9\uade0 0, \ud45c\uc900\ud3b8\ucc28 1\uc778 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\nself_efficacy &lt;- rnorm(N, mean = 0, sd = 1)\n\n# 4. \uc131\uacf5 \ud655\ub960 \uacc4\uc0b0 (\ub85c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud2f1 \ubaa8\ud615)\n# Logit(p) = b0 + b1*\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10 + b2*\uad50\uc218\ubc95 + \ud559\uae09\ud6a8\uacfc + \uc624\ucc28\nbeta_0 &lt;- -1.0  # \uc808\ud3b8 (\uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uacf5\uc774 \uc870\uae08 \ub354 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0)\nbeta_1 &lt;- 1.2   # \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc (\ud074\uc218\ub85d \uc131\uacf5 \ud655\ub960 \ub192\uc74c)\nbeta_2 &lt;- 0.8   # \ud601\uc2e0\uc801 \uad50\uc218\ubc95\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc (\uc788\uc73c\uba74 \uc131\uacf5 \ud655\ub960 \ub192\uc74c)\n\nlogit_p &lt;- beta_0 + beta_1 * self_efficacy + beta_2 * teaching_method + class_effect\nprob &lt;- 1 \/ (1 + exp(-logit_p)) # \ud655\ub960\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\n\n# 5. \uacb0\uacfc \ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (0 \ub610\ub294 1)\nsuccess &lt;- rbinom(N, size = 1, prob = prob)\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130\ud504\ub808\uc784 \uc0dd\uc131\ndata &lt;- data.frame(\n  ClassID = factor(class_id),\n  StudentID = 1:N,\n  Success = factor(success, levels = c(0, 1), labels = c(\"Fail\", \"Pass\")),\n  SelfEfficacy = self_efficacy,\n  TeachingMethod = factor(teaching_method, levels = c(0, 1), labels = c(\"Traditional\", \"Innovative\"))\n)\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud655\uc778\nhead(data)\n\n# CSV\ub85c \uc800\uc7a5 (jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\uae30 \uc704\ud568)\nwrite.csv(data, \"chap15.csv\", row.names = FALSE)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-38497cd3-1339-41f3-8d16-01b29109e34c\" href=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/chap15.csv\">chap15<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/chap15.csv\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-38497cd3-1339-41f3-8d16-01b29109e34c\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcca \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud0d0\uc0c9\uc801 \uc2dc\uac01\ud654<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc798 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc84c\ub294\uc9c0 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc131\uacf5 \uc5ec\ubd80 (\uad50\uc218\ubc95\ubcc4 \ucc28\uc774)\nggplot(data, aes(x = SelfEfficacy, y = as.numeric(Success)-1, color = TeachingMethod)) +\n  geom_point(alpha = 0.1) +\n  geom_smooth(method = \"glm\", method.args = list(family = \"binomial\"), se = TRUE) +\n  labs(title = \"\uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uacfc \uc218\ud559 \ucc4c\ub9b0\uc9c0 \uc131\uacf5 \ud655\ub960\",\n       x = \"\uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10 (\ud45c\uc900\ud654)\",\n       y = \"\uc131\uacf5 \ud655\ub960 (Probability of Pass)\") +\n  theme_minimal()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-844\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-1.png 649w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-1-300x252.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-1-624x524.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \ubd84\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95: jamovi\uc640 R<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udee0\ufe0f jamovi \ubd84\uc11d \uc808\ucc28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8 \uba54\ub274\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 GLMM(\ud2b9\ud788 \uc774\ubd84\ud615 \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218)\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c <strong>jamovi \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac<\/strong>\uc5d0\uc11c <strong><code>GAMLj<\/code> (General Analyses for Linear Models in jamovi)<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc744 \uc124\uce58\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\uae30<\/strong>: \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc131\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c csv\ub85c \uc800\uc7a5 \ud6c4 jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5fd\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubaa8\ub4c8 \uc120\ud0dd<\/strong>: \uc0c1\ub2e8 \uba54\ub274 <code>Analyses<\/code> -> <code>GAMLj<\/code> -> <code>Generalized Mixed Models<\/code> \uc120\ud0dd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubcc0\uc218 \uc124\uc815<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dependent Variable<\/strong>: <code>Success<\/code> (\uc131\uacf5 \uc5ec\ubd80)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Covariates<\/strong>: <code>SelfEfficacy<\/code> (\uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Factors<\/strong>: <code>TeachingMethod<\/code> (\uad50\uc218\ubc95)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cluster (Random Effect grouping)<\/strong>: <code>ClassID<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Random Effects \uc124\uc815<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>ClassID<\/code>\ub97c Random Intercept\ub85c \uc124\uc815 (\uccb4\ud06c\ubc15\uc2a4 \uc120\ud0dd).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Family \uc124\uc815<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Distribution<\/strong>: <code>Binomial<\/code> (\uc774\ud56d\ubd84\ud3ec)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Link function<\/strong>: <code>Logit<\/code> (\ub85c\uc9d3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d<\/strong>: Fixed Effects\uc758 p-value\uc640 Random Effects\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0(Variance)\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcbb R \ubd84\uc11d \ucf54\ub4dc (GLMM \uc801\ud569)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00\ub294 \uc5d4\uc9c4\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c <code>lme4<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d \ucf54\ub4dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># GLMM \ubaa8\ub378 \uc801\ud569\n# family = binomial : \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc774\ubd84\ud615(0\/1)\uc77c \ub54c \uc0ac\uc6a9\nglmm_model &lt;- glmer(Success ~ SelfEfficacy + TeachingMethod + (1 | ClassID), \n                    data = data, \n                    family = binomial(link = \"logit\"))\n\n# \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\nsummary(glmm_model)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uad50\uc7ac \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc758 \uc2ec\uce35 \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131: \uc774\ub860\uacfc \ud574\uc11d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c \ucca8\ubd80\ub41c \uad50\uc7ac(SAGE Handbook)\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc218\ud589\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud30c\ud5e4\uccd0 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1. \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uad6c\uc870 (Specification)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>GLMM\uc740 4\ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubd84\ud3ec \uc120\ud0dd<\/strong>: \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218 <math data-latex=\"Y\"><semantics><mi>Y<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubaa8\uc591\uc778\uc9c0 \uacb0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc608\uc2dc\ub294 \uc131\uacf5\/\uc2e4\ud328\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c <strong>\ubca0\ub974\ub204\uc774(Bernoulli) \ubd84\ud3ec<\/strong>\ub97c \ub530\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc608\uce21\ubcc0\uc218 \uc120\ud0dd<\/strong>: \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10(<math data-latex=\"x_1\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_1<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uacfc \uad50\uc218\ubc95(<math data-latex=\"x_2\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc120\ud615 \uc608\uce21\uc2dd\uc740 <math data-latex=\"\\eta = \\beta_0 + \\beta_1 x_1 + \\beta_2 x_2\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta = \\beta_0 + \\beta_1 x_1 + \\beta_2 x_2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uac00 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc5f0\uacb0 \ud568\uc218(Link Function)<\/strong>: 0\uacfc 1 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ud655\ub960(<math data-latex=\"p\"><semantics><mi>p<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">p<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc744 \uc2e4\uc218 \uc804\uccb4 \ubc94\uc704(<math data-latex=\"-\\infty \\sim \\infty\"><semantics><mrow><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>\u221e<\/mi><mo>\u223c<\/mo><mi>\u221e<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">-\\infty \\sim \\infty<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc778 \uc120\ud615 \uc608\uce21\uc2dd(<math data-latex=\"\\eta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c <strong>\ub85c\uc9d3(Logit)<\/strong> \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. <math data-latex=\"\\log\\left(\\frac{p}{1-p}\\right) = \\beta_0 + \\beta_1 x_1 + \\beta_2 x_2 + u_{class}\"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi>log<\/mi><mo>\u2061<\/mo><\/mrow><mrow><mo fence=\"true\" form=\"prefix\">(<\/mo><mfrac><mi>p<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>p<\/mi><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo fence=\"true\" form=\"postfix\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\log\\left(\\frac{p}{1-p}\\right) = \\beta_0 + \\beta_1 x_1 + \\beta_2 x_2 + u_{class}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc784\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc(Random Effects)<\/strong>: \ud559\uae09(<math data-latex=\"u_{class}\"><semantics><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mi>c<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><mi>s<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u_{class}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc744 \uc784\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub85c \uc120\uc5b8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud559\uae09\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc131\uacf5\ub960\uc758 &#8216;\ucd9c\ubc1c\uc120&#8217;\uc774 \ub2e4\ub984\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uba70, \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec <math data-latex=\"N(0, \\sigma_u^2)\"><semantics><mrow><mi>N<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><msubsup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mi>u<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msubsup><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">N(0, \\sigma_u^2)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub97c \ub530\ub978\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2. \ucd94\uc815 \ubc29\ubc95: \uc0b0\uc744 \uc624\ub974\ub294 \ubc95 (Fitting Methods)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>GLMM\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \uc810\uc740 &#8220;\uacc4\uc0b0&#8221;\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d\ucc98\ub7fc \uacf5\uc2dd\uc744 \ub531 \ub300\uc785\ud574\uc11c \ub2f5\uc774 \ub098\uc624\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub3c4(Likelihood)\ub77c\ub294 \uc0b0\uc758 \uc815\uc0c1\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\uc57c \ud558\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \uc548\uac1c(\uc801\ubd84)\uac00 \uaef4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ucd5c\uc6b0\ucd94\uc815\ubc95(Maximum Likelihood, ML)<\/strong>: \uac00\uc7a5 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uacc4\uc0b0\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uc5ec \uc801\ubd84(Integration)\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uadfc\uc0ac\ubc95<\/strong>: \uc774 \uc801\ubd84\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 <strong>\uac00\uc6b0\uc2a4-\ud5e4\ub974\ubbf8\ud2b8 \uad6c\uc801\ubc95(Gauss-Hermite Quadrature)<\/strong>\uc774\ub098 <strong>\ub77c\ud50c\ub77c\uc2a4 \uadfc\uc0ac(Laplace Approximation)<\/strong>\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uace1\uba74\uc744 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ub3c4\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\uc0ac\uc2dc\ucf1c \ub113\uc774\ub97c \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. jamovi\uc640 R\uc758 <code>glmer<\/code>\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacbd\uace0<\/strong>: PQL(Penalized Quasi-Likelihood)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub3c4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ubd84\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130(0\/1)\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud3b8\ud5a5(Bias)\uc774 \uc2ec\ud574 \uc798 \uc4f0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3. \uc870\uac74\ubd80 vs \uc8fc\ubcc0\ubd80 \ud574\uc11d (Conditional vs Marginal)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc544\uc8fc \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. GLMM\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc(<math data-latex=\"\\beta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub294 <strong>&#8220;\ud2b9\uc815 \ud559\uae09\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c \ud559\uc0dd \uac1c\uc778&#8221;<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud6a8\uacfc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4(Conditional).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>GLMM (\uc870\uac74\ubd80)<\/strong>: &#8220;\ub0b4\uac00 \uc774 \ubc18\uc5d0 \uacc4\uc18d \uc788\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uc774 1 \uc624\ub974\uba74, \ub098\uc758 \uc131\uacf5 \uc624\uc988(Odds)\ub294 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc624\ub974\ub294\uac00?&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GEE (\uc8fc\ubcc0\ubd80)<\/strong>: &#8220;\uc804\uccb4 \ud559\uc0dd \ud3c9\uade0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd24\uc744 \ub54c, \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc740 \ub0ae\uc740 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc131\uacf5\ub960\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ub192\uc740\uac00?&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub85c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud2f1 \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc8fc\ubcc0\ubd80 \ud6a8\uacfc\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac12\uc774 \ub354 \ud06c\uac8c(0\uc5d0\uc11c \uba40\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c) \ucd94\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\uc640 \ud559\uae09 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c GLMM\uc774 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d \ubc0f \ubcf4\uace0 (APA \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>R\/jamovi \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc608\uc2dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcdd \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\uc218\ud559 \ucc4c\ub9b0\uc9c0 \uc131\uacf5 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615(GLMM) \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc, \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uacfc \uad50\uc218\ubc95\uc740 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc758\ud55c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uace0\uc815 \ud6a8\uacfc(Fixed Effects)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uc758 \ud68c\uadc0\uacc4\uc218\ub294 1.370 (<math data-latex=\"SE=0.091, p<.001\"><semantics><mrow><mi>S<\/mi><mi>E<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.091<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mi>p<\/mi><mo>&lt;<\/mo><mn>.001<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">SE=0.091, p&lt;.001<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub85c, \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uc774 \ub192\uc744\uc218\ub85d \uc131\uacf5 \ud655\ub960\uc774 \uc720\uc758\ud558\uac8c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc624\uc988\ube44(Odds Ratio)\ub85c \ud658\uc0b0\ud558\uba74 <math data-latex=\"exp(1.37) \\approx 3.93\"><semantics><mrow><mi>e<\/mi><mi>x<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mn>1.37<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>\u2248<\/mo><mn>3.93<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">exp(1.37) \\approx 3.93<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub85c, \uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uc774 1\ub2e8\uc704 \uc99d\uac00\ud560 \ub54c \uc131\uacf5 \uc624\uc988\ub294 \uc57d 3.9\ubc30 \uc99d\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uad50\uc218\ubc95(\ud601\uc2e0\uc801)\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub294 0.227 (<math data-latex=\"SE=0.529, p=.667\"><semantics><mrow><mi>S<\/mi><mi>E<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0.529<\/mn><mo separator=\"true\">,<\/mo><mi>p<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>.667<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">SE=0.529, p=.667<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub85c, \ud601\uc2e0\uc801 \uad50\uc218\ubc95\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud559\uae09\uc758 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uad50\uc218\ubc95 \ud559\uae09 \ud559\uc0dd\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc131\uacf5\ud560 \ud655\ub960\uc740 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc784\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc(Random Effects)<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud559\uae09 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0(Variance)\uc740 3.221\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uac1c\uc778 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \ud559\uae09 \uac04 \uc131\uacf5\ub960\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \ud07c\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uae09\ub0b4\uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218(ICC)\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uc5ec \ud559\uae09\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc8 R\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc \uc2dc\uac01\ud654 \ucf54\ub4dc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># sjPlot \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uae54\ub054\ud55c \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\nlibrary(sjPlot)\nlibrary(sjmisc)\n\n# 1. \uc624\uc988\ube44(Odds Ratio) \uadf8\ub798\ud504 (Forest Plot)\nplot_model(glmm_model, \n           type = \"est\", \n           transform = \"exp\", # \ub85c\uadf8\uc624\uc988\ub97c \uc624\uc988\ube44\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\n           show.values = TRUE, \n           title = \"\uc218\ud559 \ucc4c\ub9b0\uc9c0 \uc131\uacf5 \uc694\uc778 (Odds Ratios)\",\n           vline.color = \"gray\")\n\n# 2. \uc608\uce21 \ud655\ub960 \uadf8\ub798\ud504 (\uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9 \ud6a8\uacfc \ub4f1 \ud655\uc778\uc6a9)\nplot_model(glmm_model, \n           type = \"pred\", \n           terms = c(\"SelfEfficacy\", \"TeachingMethod\"),\n           title = \"\uc790\uae30\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10\uacfc \uad50\uc218\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc131\uacf5 \uc608\uce21 \ud655\ub960\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-845\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-2.png 649w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-2-300x252.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-2-624x524.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-846\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-3.png 649w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-3-300x252.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-3-624x524.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac \ubc0f \uc9c4\ub2e8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>GLMM\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \uc798 \ub9de\ub294\uc9c0 \uaf2d \ud655\uc778\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 &#8220;\uacfc\uc0b0\ud3ec(Overdispersion)&#8221; \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc870\uc2ec\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uac00\uc815\ud55c \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ub354 \ub113\uac8c \ud37c\uc838 \uc788\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ud56d \ubd84\ud3ec\ub098 \ud3ec\uc544\uc1a1 \ubd84\ud3ec \ubd84\uc11d \uc2dc \uc790\uc8fc \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>. \ub9cc\uc57d \uacfc\uc0b0\ud3ec\uac00 \uc758\uc2ec\ub418\uba74 \ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \ubc14\uafb8\uac70\ub098 \uad00\uce21 \ub2e8\uc704\uc758 \uc784\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc870\uce58\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub09c\uc774\ub3c4\uac00 \ub192\uc740 <strong>GLMM<\/strong>\uc744 \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5 \uc608\uc2dc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc815\ubcf5\ud574 \ubcf4\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 &#8220;\ub204\uac00 \uacf5\ubd80 \uc798\ud558\ub098&#8221;\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4, &#8220;\uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud658\uacbd(\ud559\uae09)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud2b9\uc131(\ud6a8\ub2a5\uac10)\uc774 \uc131\uacf5\uc744 \uc774\ub044\ub294\uc9c0&#8221; \uc785\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub208\uc744 \uac16\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc (APA Style)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>McCulloch, C. E., &amp; Neuhaus, J. M. (2013). Generalized linear mixed models: Estimation and inference. In M. A. Scott, J. S. Simonoff, &amp; B. D. Marx (Eds.), <em>The SAGE handbook of multilevel modeling<\/em> (pp. 271-286). SAGE Publications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc624\ub298\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615(Generalized Linear Mixed Models, GLMM)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud83c\udf93 \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615(GLMM): \ud559\uad50 \ubc16\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uac04 \uc218\ud559 <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=842\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[399],"tags":[145,199,400,421],"class_list":["post-842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-multilevel","tag-jamovi","tag-r","tag-400","tag-421"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chap15. \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615 - WaurimaL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=842\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chap15. \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615 - WaurimaL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc624\ub298\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615(Generalized Linear Mixed Models, GLMM)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud83c\udf93 \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615(GLMM): \ud559\uad50 \ubc16\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uac04 \uc218\ud559 Read more\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=842\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WaurimaL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-04T04:04:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-04T04:08:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG15-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\uae00\uc4f4\uc774\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\uc608\uc0c1 \ub418\ub294 \ud310\ub3c5 \uc2dc\uac04\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6\ubd84\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=842#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=842\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e761145380f742e758f3c58f1607b704\"},\"headline\":\"Chap15. \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-04T04:04:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-04T04:08:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=842\"},\"wordCount\":244,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=842#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/FIG15-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"jamovi\",\"r\",\"\ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d\",\"\uc77c\ubc18\ud654\uc120\ud615\ud63c\ud569\ubaa8\ud615\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=842\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/waurimal.kr\\\/?p=842\",\"name\":\"Chap15. \uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \uc120\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615 - 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