{"id":850,"date":"2026-02-04T15:40:21","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T06:40:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=850"},"modified":"2026-02-04T15:49:52","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T06:49:52","slug":"chap13-%eb%8b%a4%ec%b8%b5-%ed%95%a8%ec%88%98%ed%98%95-%eb%8d%b0%ec%9d%b4%ed%84%b0-%eb%b6%84%ec%84%9dmultilevel-functional-data-analysis-mfda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=850","title":{"rendered":"Chap13. \ub2e4\uce35 \ud568\uc218\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d(Multilevel Functional Data Analysis, MFDA)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 <strong>\ub2e4\uce35 \ud568\uc218\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d(Multilevel Functional Data Analysis, MFDA)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ub984\ub9cc \ub4e4\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uba38\ub9ac\uac00 \uc9c0\ub048\uac70\ub9ac\uc2dc\ub098\uc694? \uac71\uc815 \ub9c8\uc138\uc694. &#8220;\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130&#8221;\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc544\uc8fc \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\ubd80\ud130 \ub300\ud559\uc6d0 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc810\uc744 \ub9d0\uc500\ub4dc\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. <strong>jamovi<\/strong>\ub294 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \ud1b5\uacc4 \ub3c4\uad6c\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc624\ub298 \ub2e4\ub8f0 &#8216;\ud568\uc218\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130(Functional Data)&#8217;\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uace0\ucc28\uc6d0\uc801 \ubd84\uc11d\uc740 \uc544\uc9c1 \uae30\ubcf8 \uba54\ub274\ub85c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uae4c\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc9c0\uc6d0). \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ubcf8 \uac15\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <strong>R<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\uc2e0, \ucf54\ub4dc\ub294 \ubcf5\uc0ac\ud574\uc11c \ubc14\ub85c \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc544\uc8fc \uce5c\uc808\ud558\uac8c \uc8fc\uc11d\uc744 \ub2ec\uc544 \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub7fc, \uc2dc\uc791\ud574 \ubcfc\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc11c\ub860: \uc810(Point)\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc120(Line)\uc744 \ubcf4\uc790!<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801 \uc774\ud574 (\ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd\ub3c4 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 MFDA)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc774 \ub2f4\uc784 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud574 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694. \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubc18 \ud559\uc0dd \ucca0\uc218\uc758 \uc218\ud559 \uc2e4\ub825\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc2f6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud1b5 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 <strong>&#8220;\uae30\ub9d0\uace0\uc0ac \uc810\uc218 80\uc810&#8221;<\/strong>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc22b\uc790(Scalar)\ub85c \ucca0\uc218\ub97c \ud3c9\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370, 80\uc810\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc218\uac00 \ucca0\uc218\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud560\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uc0dd\uc740 \uc218\uc5c5 \ucd08\ubc18 20\ubd84\uc740 \uc5c4\uccad \uc9d1\uc911\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc790\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc788\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uc0dd\uc740 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d4 \uba4d\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ub3d9\uc774 \uac78\ub9ac\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc2a4\uce7c\ub77c(Scalar) \ub370\uc774\ud130:<\/strong> \ucca0\uc218\uc758 \uc810\uc218 = 80\uc810 (\uc0ac\uc9c4 \ud55c \uc7a5 \ud83d\udcf7)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud568\uc218\ud615(Functional) \ub370\uc774\ud130:<\/strong> \ucca0\uc218\uc758 45\ubd84\uac04 \uc9d1\uc911\ub825 \ubcc0\ud654 \uadf8\ub798\ud504 (\ub3d9\uc601\uc0c1 \ud83c\udfa5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ub2e4\uce35 \ud568\uc218\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d(MFDA)<\/strong>\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 <strong>&#8220;\ub3d9\uc601\uc0c1(\ubcc0\ud654 \uace1\uc120)&#8221;<\/strong>\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc65c <strong>&#8216;\ub2e4\uce35(Multilevel)&#8217;<\/strong>\uc77c\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud559\uc0dd\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc218\uc5c5\uc744 \ub4e3\ub294 \uc9d1\uc911\ub825 \uace1\uc120\uc774 \ub2e4\ub974\uace0(1\uc218\uc900), \uc774 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc774 \uc18d\ud55c \ubc18(Class)\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\uac00 \ub2e4\ub974\uae30(2\uc218\uc900) \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\ud575\uc2ec \uc694\uc57d:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>FDA<\/strong>: \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 &#8220;\uace1\uc120&#8221; \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d\ud568.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Multilevel<\/strong>: \uadf8 \uace1\uc120\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc9d1\ub2e8(\ud559\uc0dd, \ud559\uad50 \ub4f1)\uc5d0 \uce35\uce35\uc774 \uacb9\uccd0 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud568.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624: &#8220;\uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc218\uc5c5 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \ub05d\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud558\uac8c \ud560\uae4c?&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uad50\uc721 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc5f0\uad6c \ub300\uc0c1:<\/strong> \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 6\ud559\ub144 \ud559\uc0dd 100\uba85 (2\uac1c \ubc18)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub3c5\ub9bd \ubcc0\uc218(\uc9d1\ub2e8):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A\ubc18 (50\uba85): <strong>\uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uac15\uc758\uc2dd \uc218\uc5c5<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\ubc18 (50\uba85): <strong>\uac8c\uc784 \uae30\ubc18(Gamification) \uc218\uc5c5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc885\uc18d \ubcc0\uc218(\ud568\uc218):<\/strong> 45\ubd84 \uc218\uc5c5 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 <strong>\ubd84\ub2f9 \ub1cc\ud30c \uc9d1\uc911\ub3c4(Attention Score, 0~100)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud559\uc0dd 1\uba85\ub2f9 45\uac1c\uc758 \uce21\uc815\uac12(0\ubd84~44\ubd84)\uc774 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \ud558\ub098\uc758 <strong>\uace1\uc120<\/strong>\uc774 \uc0dd\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. R\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \ubc0f \ubd84\uc11d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc790, \uc774\uc81c \uc774 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624\ub97c \uc2e4\uc81c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubd84\uc11d\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. R \uc2a4\ud29c\ub514\uc624\ub97c \ucf1c\uace0 \uc544\ub798 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc21c\uc11c\ub300\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589\ud574 \ubcf4\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (Data Simulation)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2e4\uc81c \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uacfc \uc720\uc0ac\ud558\uac8c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A\ubc18(\uac15\uc758\uc2dd):<\/strong> \ucd08\ubc18\uc5d4 \uc9d1\uc911\ub825\uc774 \ub192\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uac08\uc218\ub85d \uae09\uaca9\ud788 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ud328\ud134.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\ubc18(\uac8c\uc784\ud615):<\/strong> \ucd08\ubc18\uc5d4 \uc0b0\ub9cc\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uac08\uc218\ub85d \ubab0\uc785\ub3c4\uac00 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\uac70\ub098 \uc0c1\uc2b9\ud558\ub294 \ud328\ud134.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc218 \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 \uc124\uce58 \ubc0f \ub85c\ub4dc\nif(!require(ggplot2)) install.packages(\"ggplot2\")\nif(!require(refund)) install.packages(\"refund\") # \ud568\uc218\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d\uc6a9 \ud575\uc2ec \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\nif(!require(dplyr)) install.packages(\"dplyr\")\nif(!require(tidyr)) install.packages(\"tidyr\")\n\nlibrary(ggplot2)\nlibrary(refund)\nlibrary(dplyr)\nlibrary(tidyr)\n\nset.seed(1234) # \uc7ac\ud604\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc2dc\ub4dc \uace0\uc815\n\n# 1. \uae30\ubcf8 \uc124\uc815\nn_students &lt;- 100 # \ucd1d \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\nn_points &lt;- 45    # \uce21\uc815 \uc9c0\uc810 (0\ubd84~44\ubd84, \ucd1d 45\ubd84 \uc218\uc5c5)\ntime_points &lt;- seq(0, 1, length.out = n_points) # 0\uc5d0\uc11c 1\ub85c \uc815\uaddc\ud654\ub41c \uc2dc\uac04\n\n# 2. \uadf8\ub8f9 \ud560\ub2f9 (A\ubc18: 0=\uac15\uc758\uc2dd, B\ubc18: 1=\uac8c\uc784\ud615)\ngroup &lt;- c(rep(0, n_students\/2), rep(1, n_students\/2))\ngroup_factor &lt;- factor(group, labels = c(\"Lecture\", \"Gamification\"))\n\n# 3. \uae30\uc800 \ud568\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (\uc9d1\uc911\ub825\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \ud328\ud134)\n# \uac15\uc758\uc2dd(A): \ucd08\ubc18 \ub192\uc74c -&gt; \ud6c4\ubc18 \ub0ae\uc74c (\uac10\uc18c\ud615)\nmu_A &lt;- function(t) { 80 - 40 * t } \n# \uac8c\uc784\ud615(B): \ucd08\ubc18 \uc911\uac04 -&gt; \ud6c4\ubc18 \uc720\uc9c0\/\uc0c1\uc2b9 (\uc720\uc9c0\ud615)\nmu_B &lt;- function(t) { 60 + 10 * sin(2 * pi * t) + 10 * t }\n\n# 4. \uac1c\uc778\ucc28(Random Effect) \ucd94\uac00\n# \ud559\uc0dd\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \uc9d1\uc911\ub825 \uae30\ubcf5\uc774 \uc788\uc74c (\ube0c\ub77c\uc6b4 \uc6b4\ub3d9 + \uc784\uc758 \uc624\ucc28)\nY_matrix &lt;- matrix(NA, nrow = n_students, ncol = n_points)\n\nfor(i in 1:n_students){\n  # \uae30\ubcf8 \uace1\uc120 \uc120\ud0dd\n  base_curve &lt;- if(group&#91;i] == 0) mu_A(time_points) else mu_B(time_points)\n  \n  # \ud559\uc0dd\ubcc4 \uc784\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc (Random Intercept + Random Slope \uc720\uc0ac \ud6a8\uacfc)\n  student_deviation &lt;- rnorm(1, 0, 5) + rnorm(1, 0, 2) * time_points * 10\n  \n  # \uce21\uc815 \uc624\ucc28 (Measurement Error)\n  noise &lt;- rnorm(n_points, 0, 2)\n  \n  Y_matrix&#91;i, ] &lt;- base_curve + student_deviation + noise\n}\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac (\uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uc6a9)\ndf_long &lt;- data.frame(\n  ID = rep(1:n_students, each = n_points),\n  Time = rep(1:n_points, n_students),\n  Group = rep(group_factor, each = n_points),\n  Attention = as.vector(t(Y_matrix))\n)\n\nhead(df_long)\n# CSV\ub85c \uc800\uc7a5 (jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\uae30 \uc704\ud568)\nwrite.csv(df_long, \"chap13.csv\", row.names = FALSE)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-2e72b7a7-ce92-477c-8e95-044f9e3439f1\" href=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/chap13-1.csv\">chap13<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/chap13-1.csv\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-2e72b7a7-ce92-477c-8e95-044f9e3439f1\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc2dc\uac01\ud654 (Spaghetti Plot)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \uccab \uac78\uc74c\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub208\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac1c\ubcc4 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9d1\uc911\ub825 \uace1\uc120\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uadf8\ub824\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c &#8216;\uc2a4\ud30c\uac8c\ud2f0 \ud50c\ub86f(Spaghetti Plot)&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \uc2a4\ud30c\uac8c\ud2f0 \ud50c\ub86f + \ud3c9\uade0 \uace1\uc120\nggplot(df_long, aes(x = Time, y = Attention, group = ID, color = Group)) +\n  geom_line(alpha = 0.3) + # \uac1c\ubcc4 \ud559\uc0dd \uace1\uc120 (\ud750\ub9ac\uac8c)\n  geom_smooth(aes(group = Group), method = \"gam\", se = TRUE, size = 2) + # \uadf8\ub8f9\ubcc4 \ud3c9\uade0 \uace1\uc120 (\uc9c4\ud558\uac8c)\n  labs(title = \"\uc218\uc5c5 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud559\uc0dd \uc9d1\uc911\ub825 \ubcc0\ud654 \uace1\uc120\",\n       subtitle = \"\uac1c\ubcc4 \uace1\uc120(\ud750\ub9bc)\uacfc \uadf8\ub8f9 \ud3c9\uade0 \uace1\uc120(\uc9c4\ud568)\",\n       x = \"\uc218\uc5c5 \uc2dc\uac04 (\ubd84)\", y = \"\uc9d1\uc911\ub3c4 (\uc810\uc218)\") +\n  theme_minimal() +\n  scale_color_manual(values = c(\"Lecture\" = \"blue\", \"Gamification\" = \"red\"))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"869\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-1-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-852\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-1-2.png 869w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-1-2-300x263.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-1-2-768x674.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-1-2-624x548.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 869px) 100vw, 869px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> &gt; \ud30c\ub780\uc0c9(\uac15\uc758\uc2dd) \uace1\uc120\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uac08\uc218\ub85d \uc6b0\ud558\ud5a5\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \ub69c\ub837\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74 \ube68\uac04\uc0c9(\uac8c\uc784\ud615)\uc740 \ucd9c\ub801\uac70\ub9bc\uc774 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc900\uc774 \uc720\uc9c0\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \ud568\uc218\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ub9e4\ub825\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3c9\uade0 \uc810\uc218\ub9cc \ube44\uad50\ud588\ub2e4\uba74 \ub193\ucce4\uc744 <strong>&#8216;\uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud328\ud134&#8217;<\/strong>\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc8e0.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \uc774\ub860\uc801 \ubc30\uacbd: \ud568\uc218\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615 (Functional Mixed Model)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac80\uc99d\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc368\uc57c \ud560\uae4c\uc694? <strong>\ud568\uc218\ud615 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615(FMM)<\/strong> \uc218\uc2dd\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"W_i(s) = \\sum_{a=1}^{p} X_{ia} B_a(s) + \\sum_{b=1}^{q} Z_{ib} U_b(s) + E_i(s)\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>W<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><msubsup><mo movablelimits=\"false\">\u2211<\/mo><mrow><mi>a<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><mi>p<\/mi><\/msubsup><msub><mi>X<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><msub><mi>B<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><\/msub><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>+<\/mo><msubsup><mo movablelimits=\"false\">\u2211<\/mo><mrow><mi>b<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><mi>q<\/mi><\/msubsup><msub><mi>Z<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>b<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><msub><mi>U<\/mi><mi>b<\/mi><\/msub><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>E<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">W_i(s) = \\sum_{a=1}^{p} X_{ia} B_a(s) + \\sum_{b=1}^{q} Z_{ib} U_b(s) + E_i(s)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd \ub208\ub192\uc774\ub85c \ubc88\uc5ed\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math data-latex=\"W_i(s)\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>W<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">W_i(s)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <strong>\uad00\ucc30\ub41c \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc9d1\uc911\ub825 \uace1\uc120<\/strong> (\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubcf8 \uc2a4\ud30c\uac8c\ud2f0 \uba74\ubc1c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"X_{ia} B_a(s)\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>X<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><msub><mi>B<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><\/msub><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">X_{ia} B_a(s)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <strong>\uace0\uc815 \ud6a8\uacfc (Fixed Effects)<\/strong> = \uc218\uc5c5 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ud328\ud134.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;\uac15\uc758\uc2dd \uc218\uc5c5\uc740 \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ud758\ub7ec\uac04\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \ud3c9\uade0 \uace1\uc120.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"U_b(s)\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>U<\/mi><mi>b<\/mi><\/msub><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">U_b(s)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <strong>\uc784\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc (Random Effects)<\/strong> = \ud559\uc0dd \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;\ucca0\uc218\ub294 \uc6d0\ub798 \ucd08\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc57d\ud574&#8221;, &#8220;\uc601\ud76c\ub294 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uac15\ud574&#8221; \uac19\uc740 \uac1c\uc778\ubcc4 \ud3b8\ucc28 \uace1\uc120.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><math data-latex=\"E_i(s)\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>E<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E_i(s)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>: <strong>\uc624\ucc28 (Error)<\/strong> = \uce21\uc815 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \uc7a1\uc74c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 <math data-latex=\"B_a(s)\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>B<\/mi><mi>a<\/mi><\/msub><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>s<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">B_a(s)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>(\uc218\uc5c5 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc \uace1\uc120)\uac00 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uac8c \ub2e4\ub978\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \ud575\uc2ec \ubd84\uc11d: Function-on-Scalar Regression<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc81c <strong><code>refund<\/code><\/strong> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec &#8220;\uc218\uc5c5 \ubc29\uc2dd(Scalar)\uc774 \uc9d1\uc911\ub825 \uace1\uc120(Function)\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5&#8221;\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \ubd84\uc11d \ucf54\ub4dc \uc2e4\ud589<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\n\n# 1. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30\n# \ud575\uc2ec: I() \ud568\uc218\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec Y_matrix\ub97c \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784\uc758 \ud55c '\uc5f4'\ub85c \uc548\uc804\ud558\uac8c \ud3ec\uc7a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ncovariates_df &lt;- data.frame(group_factor = group_factor)\ncovariates_df$Y_matrix &lt;- I(Y_matrix) \n\n# 2. \ubaa8\ub378 \uc801\ud569\n# \uc774\uc81c Y_matrix\uc640 group_factor \ubaa8\ub450 covariates_df \uc548\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\nf_model &lt;- fosr(Y_matrix ~ group_factor, data = covariates_df, method = \"OLS\") \n\n# 3. \uacb0\uacfc \ud655\uc778\nsummary(f_model)\n\n# 4. \uc2dc\uac01\ud654 (\ubca0\ud0c0 \uacc4\uc218 \uace1\uc120)\nplot(f_model, split = 1)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-853\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-2.png 803w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-2-300x285.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-2-768x730.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-2-624x593.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 803px) 100vw, 803px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d \ubc0f \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131 (\uad50\uc721\uc801 \uc124\uba85)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uba74 <strong>\ubca0\ud0c0 \uacc4\uc218 \uace1\uc120(<math data-latex=\"\\beta(t)\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>t<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta(t)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)<\/strong>\uc774 \uadf8\ub824\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc808\ud3b8 \uace1\uc120 (Intercept):<\/strong> <code>Reference Group<\/code>\uc778 <strong>\uac15\uc758\uc2dd \uc218\uc5c5(Lecture)<\/strong>\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc9d1\uc911\ub825 \uace1\uc120\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\uc6b0\ud558\ud5a5\ud558\ub294 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uac00 \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uae30\uc6b8\uae30 \uace1\uc120 (Slope for Gamification):<\/strong> \uc5ec\uae30\uac00 \ud575\uc2ec\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4! \uc774 \uace1\uc120\uc740 <strong>&#8220;\uac15\uc758\uc2dd \ub300\ube44 \uac8c\uc784\ud615 \uc218\uc5c5\uc758 \uc9d1\uc911\ub825 \ucc28\uc774&#8221;<\/strong>\ub97c \uc2dc\uac04\ub300\ubcc4\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>0~10\ubd84:<\/strong> \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uac70\uc758 0\uc5d0 \uac00\uae5d\uac70\ub098 \uc74c\uc218\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (\ucd08\ubc18\uc5d4 \uac8c\uc784 \ub8f0 \uc775\ud788\ub290\ub77c \uc0b0\ub9cc\ud568).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>20\ubd84 \uc774\ud6c4:<\/strong> \uace1\uc120\uc774 \uc591\uc218(+)\ub85c \uce58\uc19f\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc218\uc5c5 \uc911\ubc18 \uc774\ud6c4\ubd80\ud130 \uac8c\uc784\ud615 \uc218\uc5c5\uc758 \uc9d1\uc911\ub825\uc774 \uac15\uc758\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uac8c \ub192\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \uc2ec\ud654 \ubd84\uc11d: FPCA (\ud568\uc218\ud615 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 \ubd84\uc11d)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucca8\ubd80 \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\uc870\ud558\ub294 \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uae30\ubc95\uc740 <strong>FPCA<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud559\uc0dd 100\uba85\uc758 \uace1\uc120\uc740 \uc81c\uac01\uac01\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8 \uc548\uc5d0\ub294 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 <strong>&#8220;\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc720\ud615(Mode of Variation)&#8221;<\/strong>\uc774 \uc228\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># FPCA \uc218\ud589\nfpca_res &lt;- fpca.sc(Y_matrix)\n\n# \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84(Eigenfunctions) \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\npar(mfrow = c(1, 2))\nplot(fpca_res$efunctions&#91;,1], type='l', main = \"\uc81c1\uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 (\uc804\uccb4\uc801 \ub192\ub0ae\uc774)\", ylab=\"Value\", xlab=\"Time\")\nplot(fpca_res$efunctions&#91;,2], type='l', main = \"\uc81c2\uc8fc\uc131\ubd84 (\ucd08\ubc18 vs \ud6c4\ubc18)\", ylab=\"Value\", xlab=\"Time\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"803\" height=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-854\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-3.png 803w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-3-300x285.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-3-768x730.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG13-3-624x593.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 803px) 100vw, 803px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc81c1\uc8fc\uc131\ubd84:<\/strong> &#8220;\uc9d1\uc911\ub825\uc774 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub192\uc740 \ud559\uc0dd vs \ub0ae\uc740 \ud559\uc0dd&#8221;\uc744 \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\ub294 \ud328\ud134.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc81c2\uc8fc\uc131\ubd84:<\/strong> &#8220;\ucd08\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub192\uace0 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uce58\ub294 \uc720\ud615(\ud1a0\ub07c\ud615)&#8221; vs &#8220;\ucd08\ubc18\uc5d4 \ub0ae\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uac15\ud55c \uc720\ud615(\uac70\ubd81\uc774\ud615)&#8221;\uc744 \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\ub294 \ud328\ud134.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uad50\uc218\uc790\ub294 \uc774 \uc810\uc218(FPC Score)\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud574 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc744 \uc720\ud615\ubcc4\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ud558\uace0 \uc0c1\ub2f4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \uacb0\ub860 \ubc0f \uc81c\uc5b8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 <strong>\ub2e4\uce35 \ud568\uc218\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d(MFDA)<\/strong>\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 &#8220;\ud3c9\uade0 80\uc810&#8221;\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc &#8220;\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud559\uc2b5 \ud328\ud134&#8221;\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uad50\uc721\uc801 \uc2dc\uc0ac\uc810:<\/strong> \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc810\uc218 \ube44\uad50\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4, <strong>&#8220;\uc5b8\uc81c(When)&#8221;<\/strong> \uac1c\uc785\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc54c\ub824\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc, \uac15\uc758\uc2dd \uc218\uc5c5\uc740 20\ubd84 \uc9c0\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9d1\uc911\ub825\uc774 \uae09\ub77d\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774\ub54c <strong>\ud658\uae30 \ud65c\ub3d9(Brain Break)<\/strong>\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uae30\ubc18 \uc758\uc0ac\uacb0\uc815\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubc29\ubc95\ub860\uc801 \uc758\uc758:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>jamovi\ub85c \uad6c\ud604\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uace0\ucc28\uc6d0 \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 R\uc758 <code>refund<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub85c \uad6c\ud604\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uae4a\uc774\ub97c \ub354\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub2e4\uce35 \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ud568\uc218(\uace1\uc120)\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec, <strong>\uac1c\uc778\ucc28(Between-subject)<\/strong>\uc640 <strong>\uc2dc\uac04\ucc28(Within-subject)<\/strong>\ub97c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uace0\ub824\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ubd84\uc11d \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uad50\uc2e4\uacfc \uc5f0\uad6c\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc228\uaca8\uc9c4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \ub9e5\ubc15\uc744 \ub290\uaef4\ubcf4\uc2dc\uae38 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc (References)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Crainiceanu, C. M., Caffo, B. S., &amp; Morris, J. S. (2013). Multilevel functional data analysis. In <em>The SAGE Handbook of Multilevel Modeling<\/em> (pp. 223-238). SAGE Publications Ltd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Morris, J. S., &amp; Carroll, R. J. (2006). Wavelet-based functional mixed models. <em>Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology)<\/em>, 68(2), 179-199. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ramsay, J. O., &amp; Silverman, B. W. (2005). <em>Functional Data Analysis<\/em> (2nd ed.). Springer. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crainiceanu, C. M., et al. (2009). Generalized multilevel functional regression. <em>Journal of the American Statistical Association<\/em>, 104(488), 1550-1561. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc624\ub298\uc740 \ub2e4\uce35 \ud568\uc218\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d(Multilevel Functional Data Analysis, MFDA)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub984\ub9cc \ub4e4\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uba38\ub9ac\uac00 \uc9c0\ub048\uac70\ub9ac\uc2dc\ub098\uc694? \uac71\uc815 \ub9c8\uc138\uc694. &#8220;\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130&#8221;\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc544\uc8fc \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\ubd80\ud130 \ub300\ud559\uc6d0 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc810\uc744 \ub9d0\uc500\ub4dc\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. jamovi\ub294 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \ud1b5\uacc4 \ub3c4\uad6c\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc624\ub298 \ub2e4\ub8f0 &#8216;\ud568\uc218\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130(Functional Data)&#8217;\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uace0\ucc28\uc6d0\uc801 \ubd84\uc11d\uc740 <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=850\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[399],"tags":[145,199,400,507,506],"class_list":["post-850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-multilevel","tag-jamovi","tag-r","tag-400","tag-507","tag-506"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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