{"id":858,"date":"2026-02-11T23:08:14","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T14:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=858"},"modified":"2026-02-13T00:08:41","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T15:08:41","slug":"chap-16-%eb%b2%94%ec%a3%bc%ed%98%95-%eb%b0%98%ec%9d%91-%eb%b3%80%ec%88%98categorical-response-data%eb%a5%bc-%ec%9c%84%ed%95%9c-%eb%8b%a4%ec%b8%b5-%eb%aa%a8%ed%98%95-%ec%a0%90%ec%88%98-%eb%a7%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=858","title":{"rendered":"Chap16. \ubc94\uc8fc\ud615 \ubc18\uc751 \ubcc0\uc218(Categorical Response Data)\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ub2e4\uce35 \ubaa8\ud615: \uc810\uc218 \ub9d0\uace0 &#8220;\uc120\ud0dd&#8221;\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uc790!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 <strong>\ubc94\uc8fc\ud615 \ubc18\uc751 \ubcc0\uc218(Categorical Response Data)\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ub2e4\uce35 \ubaa8\ud615<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 <strong>jamovi<\/strong>\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95(\ud2b9\ud788 <strong>GAMLj<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub4c8 \ud65c\uc6a9)\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 <strong>R<\/strong> \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_f93fe80f40cb1c87-98\">\uc774\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 &#8216;\uc2dc\ud5d8 \uc810\uc218&#8217;, &#8216;\ud0a4&#8217;, &#8216;\ubab8\ubb34\uac8c&#8217;\ucc98\ub7fc \uc5f0\uc18d\ub41c \uc22b\uc790\ub85c \ub41c \uacb0\uacfc(\uc5f0\uc18d\ud615 \ubcc0\uc218)\ub97c \uc8fc\ub85c \ub2e4\ub918\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub9cc \uc788\ub294 \uac8c \uc544\ub2c8\uc8e0?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc11c\uc5f4\ud615(Ordinal):<\/strong> &#8220;\ud559\uad50 \uae09\uc2dd \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4 (1: \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ubd88\ub9cc ~ 5: \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub9cc\uc871)&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uba85\ubaa9\ud615(Nominal):<\/strong> &#8220;\ubc29\uacfc \ud6c4 \ud559\uad50 \uc120\ud0dd (1: \ucd95\uad6c\ubc18, 2: \ubbf8\uc220\ubc18, 3: \ucf54\ub529\ubc18)&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_f93fe80f40cb1c87-99\">\uc774\ub7f0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc120\ud615 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Linear Mixed Model)\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uba74 \uc5c9\ud130\ub9ac \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\uace0\uc694? &#8216;\ucd95\uad6c\ubc18(1)&#8217;\uacfc &#8216;\ucf54\ub529\ubc18(3)&#8217;\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0\uc774 &#8216;\ubbf8\uc220\ubc18(2)&#8217;\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694!<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774 \uae4c\ub2e4\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub140\uc11d\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \uc694\ub9ac\ud560\uc9c0 \ubc30\uc6b8 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uae30\ucd08: \ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 &#8220;\uc7a0\uc7ac \ubcc0\uc218&#8221; (Latent Variable)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_f93fe80f40cb1c87-100\">\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uac89\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 &#8220;\uccb4\ud06c \ud45c\uc2dc&#8221;\ub41c \uc124\ubb38\uc9c0(\ubc94\uc8fc)\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud1b5\uacc4\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8 \uc774\uba74\uc5d0 <strong>\uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \uc218\uce58(\uc7a0\uc7ac \ubcc0\uc218, <\/strong><math data-latex=\"y^*\"><semantics><msup><mi>y<\/mi><mo>\u2217<\/mo><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y^*<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uac00 \uc228\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) \uc11c\uc5f4\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 (Ordinal): &#8220;\ubb38\ud131 \ub118\uae30&#8221; \uac8c\uc784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud559\uc0dd\uc758 &#8216;\ud559\uad50 \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4&#8217;\ub97c \uc608\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud559\uc0dd \ub9c8\uc74c\uc18d\uc5d0\ub294 <strong>\ub9cc\uc871\uac10(<math data-latex=\"y^*\"><semantics><msup><mi>y<\/mi><mo>\u2217<\/mo><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y^*<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)<\/strong>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uac8c\uc774\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774 \uac8c\uc774\uc9c0\uac00 \ud2b9\uc815 <strong>\uc784\uacc4\uac12(Threshold, <math data-latex=\"\\delta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\delta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)<\/strong>\uc744 \ub118\uc744 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc751\ub2f5\uc774 \ubc14\ub01d\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uac8c\uc774\uc9c0 &lt; \ubb38\ud1311 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> &#8220;\ubd88\ub9cc\uc871&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubb38\ud1311 &lt; \uac8c\uc774\uc9c0 &lt; \ubb38\ud1312 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> &#8220;\ubcf4\ud1b5&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubb38\ud1312 &lt; \uac8c\uc774\uc9c0 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> &#8220;\ub9cc\uc871&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) \uba85\ubaa9\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 (Nominal): &#8220;\uc720\ud2f8\ub9ac\ud2f0&#8221; \uac8c\uc784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubc29\uacfc \ud6c4 \ud559\uad50 \uc120\ud0dd\uc744 \uc608\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud559\uc0dd\uc740 \uac01 \uc120\ud0dd\uc9c0(\ucd95\uad6c, \ubbf8\uc220, \ucf54\ub529)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 <strong>\ud6a8\uc6a9(Utility,<math data-latex=\"y^*_{ijm}\"><semantics><msubsup><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><\/mrow><mo>\u2217<\/mo><\/msubsup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y^*_{ijm}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)<\/strong>\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uac00\uc7a5 \ud6a8\uc6a9\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \ub300\uc548\uc744 <strong>\uc120\ud0dd<\/strong>\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4 (<math data-latex=\"y_{ij}=m\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mi>m<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{ij}=m<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> if <math data-latex=\"y^*_{ijm}\"><semantics><msubsup><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><\/mrow><mo>\u2217<\/mo><\/msubsup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y^*_{ijm}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> is max).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \uc2e4\uc2b5 \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624: &#8220;\ud589\ubcf5\ud55c \ud559\uad50 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30&#8221; \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uac00\uc0c1\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc138\ud2b8 \ub450 \uac1c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubd84\uc11d\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc0c1\ud669 A (\uc11c\uc5f4\ud615): \ud559\uad50 \ud3ed\ub825 \uc608\ubc29 \uad50\uc721 \ud6c4 \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4 \uc870\uc0ac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uad6c\uc870:<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd(<math data-latex=\"i\"><semantics><mi>i<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">i<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub4e4\uc774 \ud559\uae09(<math data-latex=\"j\"><semantics><mi>j<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d\ub428 (2\uc218\uc900).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"Y\"><semantics><mi>Y<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong> \uad50\uc721 \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4 (1: \ubcc4\ub85c\ub2e4, 2: \ubcf4\ud1b5\uc774\ub2e4, 3: \ud6cc\ub96d\ud558\ub2e4)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub3c5\ub9bd\ubcc0\uc218(Level 1):<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc0ac\uc804 \uc9c0\uc2dd(Knowledge)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub3c5\ub9bd\ubcc0\uc218(Level 2):<\/strong> \ub2f4\uc784 \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc758 \uc5f4\uc815(Passion)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc0c1\ud669 B (\uba85\ubaa9\ud615): \uc790\uc720\ud559\uae30\uc81c \ub3d9\uc544\ub9ac \uc120\ud0dd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uad6c\uc870:<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd(<math data-latex=\"i\"><semantics><mi>i<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">i<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub4e4\uc774 \ud559\uad50(<math data-latex=\"j\"><semantics><mi>j<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d\ub428.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218(<\/strong><math data-latex=\"Y\"><semantics><mi>Y<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Y<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong> \ub3d9\uc544\ub9ac \uc120\ud0dd (Science, Art, Sports)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub3c5\ub9bd\ubcc0\uc218:<\/strong> \uc131\ubcc4(Gender), \ud559\uad50 \uc608\uc0b0(Budget)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. R\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc62c \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d R\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uadf8\ub7f4\ub4ef\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># &#91;R Code] \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\ud2b8\nset.seed(1234)\n\n# 1. \uc11c\uc5f4\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 (Ordinal) \uc0dd\uc131\nn_classes &lt;- 50\nn_students &lt;- 30\nN &lt;- n_classes * n_students\n\n# Level 2 (\ud559\uae09) \ubcc0\uc218\nclass_id &lt;- rep(1:n_classes, each = n_students)\nteacher_passion &lt;- rep(rnorm(n_classes, 0, 1), each = n_students) # \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8 \uc5f4\uc815\nu_j &lt;- rep(rnorm(n_classes, 0, 0.5), each = n_students) # \ud559\uae09 \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc\n\n# Level 1 (\ud559\uc0dd) \ubcc0\uc218\nknowledge &lt;- rnorm(N, 0, 1) # \uc0ac\uc804 \uc9c0\uc2dd\ne_ij &lt;- rlogis(N) # \ub85c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud2f1 \uc624\ucc28\ud56d (Ordinal Logit \uac00\uc815)\n\n# \uc7a0\uc7ac \ubcc0\uc218 (Latent Variable) \uc0dd\uc131\n# \uc218\uc2dd: y* = 0.5*Knowledge + 0.7*Passion + u_j + e_ij\ny_star &lt;- 0.5 * knowledge + 0.7 * teacher_passion + u_j + e_ij\n\n# \uad00\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218 (Ordinal)\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658 (Threshold: -1, 1)\nsatisfaction &lt;- cut(y_star, breaks = c(-Inf, -1, 1, Inf), labels = c(\"Low\", \"Medium\", \"High\"))\n\ndata_ordinal &lt;- data.frame(class_id, student_id=1:N, satisfaction, knowledge, teacher_passion)\n\n# 2. \uba85\ubaa9\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130 (Nominal) \uc0dd\uc131\n# \uc120\ud0dd\uc9c0: 1(Science), 2(Art), 3(Sports)\n# \uae30\uc900(Reference): Science\nn_schools &lt;- 30\nn_students_nom &lt;- 40\nN_nom &lt;- n_schools * n_students_nom\n\nschool_id &lt;- rep(1:n_schools, each = n_students_nom)\nbudget &lt;- rep(rnorm(n_schools, 0, 1), each = n_students_nom) # \ud559\uad50 \uc608\uc0b0\ngender &lt;- rbinom(N_nom, 1, 0.5) # 0: \uc5ec\ud559\uc0dd, 1: \ub0a8\ud559\uc0dd\nu_school &lt;- rep(rnorm(n_schools, 0, 0.5), each = n_students_nom)\n\n# \uac01 \ub300\uc548\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud6a8\uc6a9(Utility) \uacc4\uc0b0 (Multinomial Logit)\n# Science(Ref): Utility = 0\n# Art: Utility = -0.5 + 0.5*Gender + 0.3*Budget + u_school\n# Sports: Utility = -1.0 + 1.2*Gender - 0.2*Budget + u_school\n\nutil_science &lt;- 0\nutil_art &lt;- -0.5 + 0.5 * gender + 0.3 * budget + u_school + rlogis(N_nom)\nutil_sports &lt;- -1.0 + 1.2 * gender - 0.2 * budget + u_school + rlogis(N_nom)\n\nchoice_mat &lt;- cbind(util_science, util_art, util_sports)\nchoice_idx &lt;- max.col(choice_mat)\nclub_choice &lt;- factor(choice_idx, labels = c(\"Science\", \"Art\", \"Sports\"))\n\ndata_nominal &lt;- data.frame(school_id, student_id=1:N_nom, club_choice, gender, budget)\n\n# CSV \ud30c\uc77c\ub85c \uc800\uc7a5 (jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\uae30 \uc704\ud568)\nwrite.csv(data_ordinal, \"chap16-1.csv\", row.names = FALSE)\nwrite.csv(data_nominal, \"chap16-2.csv\", row.names = FALSE)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-5eca3acd-ab96-42ac-8cc2-dd850f34ff5e\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/chap16-1.csv\">chap16-1<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/chap16-1.csv\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-5eca3acd-ab96-42ac-8cc2-dd850f34ff5e\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-43db7323-8e25-4f89-9372-63db8e6a51bd\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/chap16-2.csv\">chap16-2<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/chap16-2.csv\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-43db7323-8e25-4f89-9372-63db8e6a51bd\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \uc11c\uc5f4\ud615 \ubc18\uc751 \ubcc0\uc218 \ubd84\uc11d (Ordinal Response Models)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc774\ub860: \ub204\uc801 \ub85c\uc9d3 \ubaa8\ud615 (Cumulative Logit Model)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_f93fe80f40cb1c87-104\">\uc11c\uc5f4\ud615 \ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 <strong>&#8220;\ube44\ub840 \uc624\uc988 \uac00\uc815(Proportional Odds Assumption)&#8221;<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 <math data-latex=\"X\"><semantics><mi>X<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">X<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub77c\ub294 \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 &#8216;\ubd88\ub9cc\uc871 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \ubcf4\ud1b5&#8217;\uc73c\ub85c \uac08 \ud655\ub960\uc744 \ub192\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc815\ub3c4\uc640, &#8216;\ubcf4\ud1b5 <math data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\"><semantics><mo stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">\u2192<\/mo><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\rightarrow<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \ub9cc\uc871&#8217;\uc73c\ub85c \uac08 \ud655\ub960\uc744 \ub192\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 <strong>\uac19\ub2e4<\/strong>\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_f93fe80f40cb1c87-105\">\uc218\uc2dd\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"\\log \\frac{P(y_{ij} \\le m)}{1 - P(y_{ij} \\le m)} = \\alpha_m - (x_{ij}'\\beta + z_{ij}'u_j)\"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi>log<\/mi><mo>\u2061<\/mo><mspace width=\"0.1667em\"><\/mspace><\/mrow><mfrac><mrow><mi>P<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>\u2264<\/mo><mi>m<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mi>P<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>\u2264<\/mo><mi>m<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mfrac><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><\/msub><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msubsup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\" class=\"tml-prime\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><msubsup><mi>z<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\" class=\"tml-prime\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\log \\frac{P(y_{ij} \\le m)}{1 &#8211; P(y_{ij} \\le m)} = \\alpha_m &#8211; (x_{ij}&#8217;\\beta + z_{ij}&#8217;u_j)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(\uc8fc\uc758: \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ubd80\ud638\uac00 \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/em><math data-latex=\"\\alpha_m\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b1<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\alpha_m<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><em>\uc740 \uc808\ud3b8\uc774\uc790 \ubb38\ud131\uac12\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">jamovi \uc2e4\uc2b5 \uac00\uc774\ub4dc (GAMLj \ubaa8\ub4c8 \ud65c\uc6a9)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi \uae30\ubcf8 \uba54\ub274\uc5d0\ub294 \uc11c\uc5f4\ud615 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <strong>GAMLj<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc744 \uc124\uce58\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc5f4\uae30:<\/strong> <code>chap16-1.csv<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubaa8\ub4c8 \uc2e4\ud589:<\/strong> <code>Analyses<\/code> > <code>GAMLj<\/code> > <code>Generalized Mixed Models<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubcc0\uc218 \uc124\uc815:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dependent Variable:<\/strong> <code>satisfaction<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Random Effects (Cluster):<\/strong> <code>class_id<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Covariates:<\/strong> <code>knowledge<\/code>, <code>teacher_passion<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubaa8\ub378 \uc124\uc815 (Model Options):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Family:<\/strong> <code>Ordinal<\/code> (Link function: logit) \uc124\uc815. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ud575\uc2ec\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Random Effects \uc124\uc815:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>class_id<\/code>\ub97c \uc624\ub978\ucabd <code>Random Coefficients<\/code> \ubc15\uc2a4\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9 (Intercept\ub9cc \ub123\uc5b4\uc11c Random Intercept Model \uad6c\uc131).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d (\uc608\uc2dc)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Effect<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Estimate<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>SE<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>z<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>p<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Fixed Effects<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>knowledge<\/td><td>0.52<\/td><td>0.05<\/td><td>10.4<\/td><td>&lt;.001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>teacher_passion<\/td><td>0.68<\/td><td>0.08<\/td><td>8.5<\/td><td>&lt;.001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Thresholds<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Low<\/td><td>Medium<\/td><td>-1.05<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Medium<\/td><td>High<\/td><td>0.98<\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud574\uc11d:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Knowledge (0.52):<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc0ac\uc804 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774 1\ub2e8\uc704 \ub192\uc744\uc218\ub85d \ub354 \ub192\uc740 \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4 \ubc94\uc8fc(\uc608: \ubcf4\ud1b5 \uc774\uc0c1, \ub9cc\uc871)\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud560 <strong>\ub85c\uadf8 \uc624\uc988(log-odds)<\/strong>\uac00 0.52\ub9cc\ud07c \uc99d\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774 \ub9ce\uc744\uc218\ub85d \uc218\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub9cc\uc871\ud560 \ud655\ub960\uc774 \ub192\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Teacher Passion (0.68):<\/strong> \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc758 \uc5f4\uc815\uc774 \ub192\uc744\uc218\ub85d \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4\uac00 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc758\ud558\uac8c \ub192\uc544\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Random Effect:<\/strong> \ud559\uae09 \uac04 \ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4\uc758 \ucc28\uc774(\ubd84\uc0b0)\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uba85\ubaa9\ud615 \ubc18\uc751 \ubcc0\uc218 \ubd84\uc11d (Nominal Response Models)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc774\ub860: \ub2e4\ud56d \ub85c\uc9d3 \ubaa8\ud615 (Multinomial Logit Model)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_f93fe80f40cb1c87-106\">\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uc21c\uc11c\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\uc815 \uce74\ud14c\uace0\ub9ac(Reference Category)\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uce74\ud14c\uace0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ud655\ub960\uc744 \ube44\uad50\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"\\pi_{ijm} = \\frac{\\exp(x_{ij}'\\beta_m + z_{ij}'u_{jm})}{\\sum_{r=1}^M \\exp(x_{ij}'\\beta_r + z_{ij}'u_{jr})}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c0<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><mrow><mi>exp<\/mi><mo>\u2061<\/mo><\/mrow><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msubsup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\" class=\"tml-prime\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msubsup><mi>z<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\" class=\"tml-prime\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mi>j<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><mrow><msubsup><mo movablelimits=\"false\">\u2211<\/mo><mrow><mi>r<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><mi>M<\/mi><\/msubsup><mrow><mi>exp<\/mi><mo>\u2061<\/mo><\/mrow><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><msubsup><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\" class=\"tml-prime\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msubsup><mi>z<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\" class=\"tml-prime\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mrow><mi>j<\/mi><mi>r<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\pi_{ijm} = \\frac{\\exp(x_{ij}&#8217;\\beta_m + z_{ij}&#8217;u_{jm})}{\\sum_{r=1}^M \\exp(x_{ij}&#8217;\\beta_r + z_{ij}&#8217;u_{jr})}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_f93fe80f40cb1c87-107\">\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc810\uc740 \ud68c\uadc0\uacc4\uc218 <math data-latex=\"\\beta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uac00 \uce74\ud14c\uace0\ub9ac(<math data-latex=\"m\"><semantics><mi>m<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">m<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \ub0a8\ud559\uc0dd(<math data-latex=\"x\"><semantics><mi>x<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc774 \ubbf8\uc220\ubc18\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ud655\ub960\uacfc \ucd95\uad6c\ubc18\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ud655\ub960\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc740 \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">jamovi \uc2e4\uc2b5 \uac00\uc774\ub4dc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc544\uc27d\uac8c\ub3c4 jamovi\uc758 GAMLj\uc870\ucc28 \ud604\uc7ac(2024\ub144 \uae30\uc900) \uba85\ubaa9\ud615 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multinomial Mixed Model)\uc740 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc774 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 R\uc758 <code>mclogit<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc815\uc11d\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\ub4dc\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># &#91;R Code] \uba85\ubaa9\ud615 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 \ubd84\uc11d\nlibrary(mclogit)\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\uae30 (\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc131\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130)\ndf_nom &lt;- read.csv(\"chap16-2.csv\")\ndf_nom$club_choice &lt;- as.factor(df_nom$club_choice)\ndf_nom$school_id &lt;- as.factor(df_nom$school_id)\n\n# \ubaa8\ub378 \uc801\ud569 (Baseline: Science)\n# mblogit: Baseline-category logit model for multiphase data\nfit_nom &lt;- mblogit(club_choice ~ gender + budget, \n                   random = ~1|school_id, \n                   data = df_nom)\n\nsummary(fit_nom)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc \ud574\uc11d (\uc608\uc2dc)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uacb0\uacfc\ub294 <strong>&#8220;Science(\uacfc\ud559\ubc18)&#8221; \ub300\ube44<\/strong> \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc18\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ud655\ub960\ub85c \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Response: Art vs. Science<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Gender<\/code> (Est: 0.48): \ub0a8\ud559\uc0dd\uc77c\uc218\ub85d(1), \uacfc\ud559\ubc18\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubbf8\uc220\ubc18\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ud655\ub960\uc774 \ub192\uc74c (\uac00\uc0c1 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc124\uc815\uc5d0 \ub530\ub984).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Budget<\/code> (Est: 0.32): \uc608\uc0b0\uc774 \ub9ce\uc744\uc218\ub85d \uacfc\ud559\ubc18\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubbf8\uc220\ubc18 \uc120\ud0dd \ud655\ub960 \uc99d\uac00.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Response: Sports vs. Science<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>Gender<\/code> (Est: 1.25): \ub0a8\ud559\uc0dd\uc77c\uc218\ub85d \uacfc\ud559\ubc18 \ub300\ube44 \uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20\ubc18\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ud655\ub960\uc774 <strong>\ub9e4\uc6b0<\/strong> \ub192\uc74c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Budget<\/code> (Est: -0.21): \uc608\uc0b0\uc774 \ub9ce\uc744\uc218\ub85d \uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20\ubc18\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uacfc\ud559\ubc18\uc744 \uc120\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc0dd\uae40.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \uc2ec\ud654: \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ud301 (Advanced Topics)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1) \ucc99\ub3c4 \uc774\uc9c8\uc131 (Scale Heterogeneity)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_f93fe80f40cb1c87-108\">\uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 \uc88b\uace0 \uc2eb\uc74c\uc774 \ubd84\uba85\ud574\uc11c 1\uc810 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 5\uc810\uc744 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4(\ubd84\uc0b0\uc774 \ud07c). \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6b0\uc720\ubd80\ub2e8\ud574\uc11c 3\uc810 \uadfc\ucc98\ub9cc \ub9f4\ub3d5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\ubd84\uc0b0\uc774 \uc791\uc74c). \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \uc751\ub2f5\uc758 <strong>\ubd84\uc0b0(Scale)<\/strong> \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 &#8216;\uc704\uce58-\ucc99\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ud615(Location-Scale Model)&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc218\uc2dd: <math data-latex=\"\\sigma_{\\epsilon_{ij}} \\propto \\exp(-w_{ij}'\\gamma)\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/msub><mo>\u221d<\/mo><mrow><mi>exp<\/mi><mo>\u2061<\/mo><\/mrow><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">\u2212<\/mo><msubsup><mi>w<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/mrow><mo lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\" class=\"tml-prime\">\u2032<\/mo><\/msubsup><mi>\u03b3<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\sigma_{\\epsilon_{ij}} \\propto \\exp(-w_{ij}&#8217;\\gamma)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774\uac83\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uba74 \uadf8\ub8f9 \uac04 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ub354 \uba85\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2) \uc7a0\uc7ac \uc9d1\ub2e8 (Latent Classes)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_f93fe80f40cb1c87-111\">\ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uac19\uc740 \ud68c\uadc0 \uacc4\uc218\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uc2e0, \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc228\uaca8\uc9c4 <strong>\uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9d1\ub2e8(Latent Class)<\/strong>\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc608: &#8220;\uc6b4\ub3d9 \ub9e4\ub2c8\uc544 \uadf8\ub8f9&#8221;\uc740 \uc131\ubcc4\uc774 \ub3d9\uc544\ub9ac \uc120\ud0dd\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0\ub9cc, &#8220;\ud559\uad6c\ud30c \uadf8\ub8f9&#8221;\uc740 \uc131\ubcc4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774\ub7f0 \uc811\uadfc\uc740 \ud63c\ud569 \ubaa8\ud615(Mixture Model)\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubd84\uc11d \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc694\uc57d \ubc0f \uacb0\ub860<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \uc5f0\uc18d\ud615\ubcf4\ub2e4 <strong>\ubc94\uc8fc\ud615(\ub9cc\uc871\ub3c4, \uc120\ud0dd \ub4f1)<\/strong>\uc774 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc11c\uc5f4\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130<\/strong>\ub294 &#8220;\ub204\uc801 \ub85c\uc9d3 \ubaa8\ud615&#8221;\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba70, \ubb38\ud131(Threshold)\uc744 \ub118\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \uc27d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uba85\ubaa9\ud615 \ub370\uc774\ud130<\/strong>\ub294 &#8220;\ub2e4\ud56d \ub85c\uc9d3 \ubaa8\ud615&#8221;\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba70, \uae30\uc900 \uce74\ud14c\uace0\ub9ac \ub300\ube44 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub300\uc548\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \ud6a8\uc6a9(Utility)\uc744 \ube44\uad50\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c <strong>jamovi (GAMLj)<\/strong>\ub098 <strong>R (mclogit)<\/strong>\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uba74, \ud559\uc0dd\uacfc \ud559\uad50\uc758 \ub2e4\uce35 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud55c \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298 \ubc30\uc6b4 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc810\uc218 \ube44\uad50\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4, \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 <strong>&#8220;\uc120\ud0dd&#8221;\uacfc &#8220;\ub9c8\uc74c&#8221;<\/strong>\uc744 \ub354 \uae4a\uc774 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uc2dc\uae38 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc (APA Style)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Agresti, A. (2002). <em>Categorical data analysis<\/em> (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Agresti, A., Booth, J. G., Hobert, J. P., &amp; Caffo, B. (2000). Random-effects modeling of categorical response data. <em>Sociological Methodology, 30<\/em>, 27-80.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hedeker, D., &amp; Gibbons, R. D. (1994). A random-effects ordinal regression model for multilevel analysis. <em>Biometrics, 50<\/em>, 933-944.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hedeker, D., Berbaum, M., &amp; Mermelstein, R. (2006). Location-scale models for multilevel ordinal data: Between-and within-subjects variance modeling. <em>Journal of Probability and Statistical Science, 4<\/em>(1), 1-20.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vermunt, J. K. (2013). Categorical response data. In M. A. Scott, J. S. Simonoff, &amp; B. D. Marx (Eds.), <em>The SAGE handbook of multilevel modeling<\/em> (pp. 287-308). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc624\ub298\uc740 \ubc94\uc8fc\ud615 \ubc18\uc751 \ubcc0\uc218(Categorical Response Data)\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ub2e4\uce35 \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95(\ud2b9\ud788 GAMLj \ubaa8\ub4c8 \ud65c\uc6a9)\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 &#8216;\uc2dc\ud5d8 \uc810\uc218&#8217;, &#8216;\ud0a4&#8217;, &#8216;\ubab8\ubb34\uac8c&#8217;\ucc98\ub7fc <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=858\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[399],"tags":[145,199,400,509,508,510],"class_list":["post-858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-multilevel","tag-jamovi","tag-r","tag-400","tag-509","tag-508","tag-510"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chap16. \ubc94\uc8fc\ud615 \ubc18\uc751 \ubcc0\uc218(Categorical Response Data)\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ub2e4\uce35 \ubaa8\ud615: \uc810\uc218 \ub9d0\uace0 &quot;\uc120\ud0dd&quot;\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uc790! 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