{"id":901,"date":"2026-02-18T21:05:53","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T12:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=901"},"modified":"2026-02-18T21:05:54","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T12:05:54","slug":"chap24-%eb%8b%a4%ec%b8%b5%eb%aa%a8%ed%98%95%ec%9d%98-%ea%b0%80%ec%a0%95-%ec%9c%84%eb%b0%b0-%ec%a7%84%eb%8b%a8-%ea%b7%b8%eb%9e%98%ed%94%bd-%eb%b6%84%ec%84%9d-%ea%b7%b8%eb%a6%ac%ea%b3%a0-%ec%a0%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=901","title":{"rendered":"Chap24. \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uac00\uc815 \uc704\ubc30 \uc9c4\ub2e8, \uadf8\ub798\ud53d \ubd84\uc11d, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4 \ud3c9\uac00"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 <strong>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Model)\uc758 \uac00\uc815 \uc704\ubc30 \uc9c4\ub2e8, \uadf8\ub798\ud53d \ubd84\uc11d, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4 \ud3c9\uac00<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 <strong>jamovi<\/strong>\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 <strong>R<\/strong> \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 \uc9c4\ub2e8: \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubc18 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc131\uc7a5 \uace1\uc120, \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uadf8\ub9b0 \uac78\uae4c?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694, \ub300\ud559\uc6d0\uc0dd \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84. \uc624\ub298\uc740 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(MLM)\uc744 \ub3cc\ub9ac\uace0 \ub098\uc11c &#8220;\uacfc\uc5f0 \uc774 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \ubbff\uc744 \ub9cc\ud55c\uac00?&#8221;\ub97c \uac80\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\uacc4, \uc989 <strong>\ubaa8\ud615 \uc9c4\ub2e8(Model Diagnostics)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubc30\uc6cc\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5d1\uc2a4\ub808\uc774\ub97c \ucc0d\uace0 \uc758\uc0ac \uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc774 \ud310\ub3c5\ud558\ub4ef\uc774, \ud1b5\uacc4 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774 \ubaa8\ud615\uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \uc798 \ub9de\ub294\uc9c0(Lack of Fit), \uac00\uc815\uc740 \uc9c0\ucf1c\uc84c\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. <strong>&#8216;\uc77d\uae30 \uc720\ucc3d\uc131 \uc131\uc7a5 \ubaa8\ud615&#8217;<\/strong> \uc608\uc2dc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud558\ub098\uc529 \uc9da\uc5b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc2dc\ub098\ub9ac\uc624 \ubc0f \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (The Scenario)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcd6 \uc5f0\uad6c \ubc30\uacbd: &#8220;\ucc45 \uc77d\ub294 \ud638\ub791\uc774 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 A \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 3\ud559\ub144 \ud559\uc0dd 30\uba85\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c 6\ud559\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548(3\ud559\ub144 1\ud559\uae30 ~ 5\ud559\ub144 2\ud559\uae30) <strong>&#8216;\uc77d\uae30 \uc720\ucc3d\uc131(Reading Fluency)&#8217;<\/strong> \uc810\uc218\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ucd94\uc801\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc5f0\uad6c \ubb38\uc81c:<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc77d\uae30 \ub2a5\ub825\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub0a8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc120\ud615\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\ub294\uac00? \ud559\uc0dd\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc2dc\uc791\uc810(\uc808\ud3b8)\uacfc \uc131\uc7a5 \uc18d\ub3c4(\uae30\uc6b8\uae30)\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978\uac00?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udee0\ufe0f R\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uba3c\uc800 \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc640 \uc2e4\uc2b5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc218 \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ub85c\ub4dc\nif(!require(MASS)) install.packages(\"MASS\")\nif(!require(lme4)) install.packages(\"lme4\")\nif(!require(lattice)) install.packages(\"lattice\")\n\nset.seed(123)\n\n# 1. \uae30\ubcf8 \uc124\uc815\nn_subjects &lt;- 30    # \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\nn_timepoints &lt;- 6   # \uc2dc\uc810 \uc218 (0~5)\nN &lt;- n_subjects * n_timepoints\n\n# 2. \uc2dc\uac04 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc0dd\uc131 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\ntime &lt;- rep(0:(n_timepoints-1), n_subjects)\nsubject_id &lt;- rep(1:n_subjects, each=n_timepoints)\n\n# 3. \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc(Random Effects) \uc0dd\uc131: \uc808\ud3b8(\ucd08\uae30\uac12)\uacfc \uae30\uc6b8\uae30(\uc131\uc7a5\ub960)\n# \ud3c9\uade0\uc740 0, \ubd84\uc0b0-\uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0 \ud589\ub82c Sigma \uc124\uc815\nSigma &lt;- matrix(c(100, 20, \n                  20, 15), nrow=2) # \uc808\ud3b8\ubd84\uc0b0 100, \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\ubd84\uc0b0 15, \uacf5\ubd84\uc0b0 20\nrandom_effects &lt;- mvrnorm(n_subjects, mu=c(0, 0), Sigma=Sigma)\n\nu0 &lt;- rep(random_effects&#91;,1], each=n_timepoints) # \ud559\uc0dd\ubcc4 \uace0\uc720 \uc808\ud3b8\nu1 &lt;- rep(random_effects&#91;,2], each=n_timepoints) # \ud559\uc0dd\ubcc4 \uace0\uc720 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\n\n# 4. \uace0\uc815 \ud6a8\uacfc(Fixed Effects) \uc124\uc815\nbeta0 &lt;- 150 # \uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0 \ucd08\uae30 \uc810\uc218\nbeta1 &lt;- 10  # \ud559\uae30\ub2f9 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc131\uc7a5 \uc810\uc218\n\n# 5. \uc624\ucc28\ud56d(Residuals) \uc0dd\uc131\nerror &lt;- rnorm(N, mean=0, sd=10)\n\n# 6. \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218(\uc77d\uae30 \uc810\uc218) \uc0dd\uc131\n# Y = (beta0 + u0) + (beta1 + u1)*Time + error\nreading_score &lt;- (beta0 + u0) + (beta1 + u1) * time + error\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784 \uc0dd\uc131\ndata_school &lt;- data.frame(\n  ID = as.factor(subject_id),\n  Time = time,\n  Score = reading_score\n)\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud655\uc778\nhead(data_school)\n\n# CSV\ub85c \uc800\uc7a5 (jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\uae30 \uc704\ud568)\nwrite.csv(data_school, \"chap24.csv\", row.names = FALSE)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-4ef4c0fc-2dc7-4e7c-b67d-893465a1c94f\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/chap24.csv\">chap24<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/chap24.csv\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-4ef4c0fc-2dc7-4e7c-b67d-893465a1c94f\">\ub2e4\uc6b4\ub85c\ub4dc<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc2dc\uac01\ud654: \ud2b8\ub810\ub9ac\uc2a4(Trellis) \uadf8\ub798\ud504<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uae30 \uc804, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub208\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uac15\uc870\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \uac00\uc7a5 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 <strong>\ud2b8\ub810\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud50c\ub86f(Trellis Plot)<\/strong>, \ud639\uc740 \uaca9\uc790 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd0d \uc65c \ud544\uc694\ud55c\uac00\uc694?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub9cc \ubcf4\uba74 \uac1c\ubcc4 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \ud328\ud134(\ub204\uad70\uac00\ub294 \uc810\uc218\uac00 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac70\ub098, \ub204\uad70\uac00\ub294 \uae09\uaca9\ud788 \uc624\ub974\ub294 \ub4f1)\uc744 \ub193\uce60 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub810\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud50c\ub86f\uc740 <strong>&#8220;\uac01 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub97c \uc6b0\ud45c\ucc98\ub7fc \ubaa8\uc544\uc11c \ud55c\ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83&#8221;<\/strong>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcca \ubd84\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jamovi:<\/strong> <code>Exploration<\/code> > <code>Scatterplot<\/code>\uc5d0\uc11c X\ucd95\uc5d0 Time, Y\ucd95\uc5d0 Score\ub97c \ub123\uace0, <code>Group<\/code>\uc5d0 ID\ub97c \ub123\uc73c\uba74 \ub418\uc9c0\ub9cc, 30\uba85\uc744 \ub2e4 \ubcf4\uae30\ub294 \uc5b4\ub835\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R (Lattice \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0):<\/strong> \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd94\ucc9c\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac01 \ud328\ub110\uc5d0 \ud559\uc0dd \ud55c \uba85\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \ud68c\uadc0\uc120\uc744 \uadf8\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># R \ucf54\ub4dc: \ud2b8\ub810\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud50c\ub86f \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30\nlibrary(lattice)\n\nxyplot(Score ~ Time | ID, data = data_school,\n       type = c(\"p\", \"r\"), # p: \uc810, r: \ud68c\uadc0\uc120\n       main = \"\ud559\uc0dd\ubcc4 \uc77d\uae30 \uc720\ucc3d\uc131 \uc131\uc7a5 \uace1\uc120 (Trellis Plot)\",\n       xlab = \"\uc2dc\uac04 (\ud559\uae30)\", ylab = \"\uc77d\uae30 \uc810\uc218\",\n       layout = c(6, 5)) # 6\uc5f4 5\ud589\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\uce58\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"869\" height=\"468\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG24-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-903\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG24-1.png 869w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG24-1-300x162.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG24-1-768x414.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG24-1-624x336.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 869px) 100vw, 869px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_364cbee36ebf278c-26\"><strong>[\ud574\uc11d]<\/strong> \uc774 \uadf8\ub798\ud504\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc808\ud3b8\uc758 \ucc28\uc774:<\/strong> \uc2dc\uc791 \uc810\uc218\uac00 \ub0ae\uc740 \uc544\uc774\uc640 \ub192\uc740 \uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc11e\uc5ec \uc788\ub098? (\ubb34\uc120 \uc808\ud3b8 \ud544\uc694\uc131 \ud655\uc778)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uae30\uc6b8\uae30\uc758 \ucc28\uc774:<\/strong> \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc544\uc774\ub294 \uac00\ud30c\ub974\uac8c \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc544\uc774\ub294 \uc644\ub9cc\ud55c\uac00? (\ubb34\uc120 \uae30\uc6b8\uae30 \ud544\uc694\uc131 \ud655\uc778)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc120\ud615\uc131:<\/strong> \uc810\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c1\uc120 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc5ec \uc788\ub098, \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uace1\uc120 \ud615\ud0dc\uc778\uac00?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uac00\uc815\uacfc \uc794\ucc28(Residuals) \ubd84\uc11d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_364cbee36ebf278c-27\">\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \ud06c\uac8c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uac00\uc815\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubd84\ud3ec \uac00\uc815:<\/strong> \uc624\ucc28\ud56d(<math data-latex=\"\\epsilon\"><semantics><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\epsilon<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uacfc \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc(<math data-latex=\"u\"><semantics><mi>u<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ub294 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \ub530\ub978\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubaa8\ud615 \uad6c\uc870:<\/strong> \uc774\uc0c1\uce58(Outlier)\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad00\uce21\uce58\uac00 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ub530\ub978\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud568\uc218 \ud615\ud0dc:<\/strong> \ud3c9\uade0 \ubc18\uc751\uc740 \uc120\ud615\uc801\uc774\ub2e4(<math data-latex=\"E(y) = X\\beta\"><semantics><mrow><mi>E<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>y<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mi>X<\/mi><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E(y) = X\\beta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \uc794\ucc28\uc758 \ub450 \uc5bc\uad74: \uc8fc\ubcc0 \uc794\ucc28 vs. \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \uc794\ucc28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_364cbee36ebf278c-28\">\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0\uc11c \uc794\ucc28\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ub098\ub269\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \ucd08\uc2ec\uc790\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud5f7\uac08\ub824 \ud558\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc8fc\ubcc0 \uc794\ucc28 (Marginal Residuals, <\/strong><math data-latex=\"e^{(1)}\"><semantics><msup><mi>e<\/mi><mrow><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">(<\/mo><mn>1<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">e^{(1)}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math data-latex=\"y - (\uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc \uc608\uce21\uac12)\"><semantics><mrow><mi>y<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mtext>\uace0<\/mtext><mtext>\uc815<\/mtext><mtext>\ud6a8<\/mtext><mtext>\uacfc<\/mtext><mtext>\uc608<\/mtext><mtext>\uce21<\/mtext><mtext>\uac12<\/mtext><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y &#8211; (\uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc \uc608\uce21\uac12)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;\uc804\uccb4 \ud3c9\uade0 \ud559\uc0dd&#8221;\uacfc &#8220;\uc2e4\uc81c \ud559\uc0dd \uc810\uc218&#8221;\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131(\ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc)\ub3c4 \uc624\ucc28\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \ubc84\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc870\uac74\ubd80 \uc794\ucc28 (Conditional Residuals, <\/strong><math data-latex=\"e^{(2)}\"><semantics><msup><mi>e<\/mi><mrow><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">(<\/mo><mn>2<\/mn><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\" lspace=\"0em\" rspace=\"0em\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">e^{(2)}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math data-latex=\"y - (\uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc + \ubb34\uc120\ud6a8\uacfc \uc608\uce21\uac12)\"><semantics><mrow><mi>y<\/mi><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mtext>\uace0<\/mtext><mtext>\uc815<\/mtext><mtext>\ud6a8<\/mtext><mtext>\uacfc<\/mtext><mo>+<\/mo><mtext>\ubb34<\/mtext><mtext>\uc120<\/mtext><mtext>\ud6a8<\/mtext><mtext>\uacfc<\/mtext><mtext>\uc608<\/mtext><mtext>\uce21<\/mtext><mtext>\uac12<\/mtext><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y &#8211; (\uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc + \ubb34\uc120\ud6a8\uacfc \uc608\uce21\uac12)<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;\uadf8 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc608\uce21\ub41c \uc131\uc7a5\uc120&#8221;\uacfc &#8220;\uc2e4\uc81c \uc810\uc218&#8221;\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc21c\uc218\ud55c \uc624\ucc28(<math data-latex=\"\\epsilon\"><semantics><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\epsilon<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc5d0 \uac00\uae5d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_364cbee36ebf278c-29\"><strong>[\uc9c4\ub2e8 \uc2dc \uc8fc\uc758\ud560 \uc810]<\/strong> \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uc794\ucc28 \uadf8\ub9bc\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \uac00\uc815\uc744 \uc644\ubcbd\ud788 \uac80\uc99d\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \uc794\ucc28\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \ud45c\uc900\ud654 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc0c1\uce58\uac00 \uac00\ub824\uc9c0\uac70\ub098 \ud3c9\ubc94\ud55c \uac12\uc774 \uc774\uc0c1\uce58\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4 <sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \uc815\uaddc\uc131 \uac80\uc815\uc758 \ud568\uc815 (Q-Q Plot\uc758 \ubc30\uc2e0)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubcf4\ud1b5 \uc794\ucc28\uc758 \uc815\uaddc\uc131\uc744 \ubcfc \ub54c Q-Q Plot\uc744 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc501\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc <strong>\ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc(Random Effects)\uc758 \uc815\uaddc\uc131\uc744 Q-Q Plot\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc704\ud5d8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc774\uc720:<\/strong> McCulloch &amp; Neuhaus(2011)\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4 \ub54c \uc774\ubbf8 &#8220;\uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \ub530\ub97c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4&#8221;\ub77c\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 Q-Q Plot\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \uace0\uae09 \uc9c4\ub2e8: \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc758 \uc815\uaddc\uc131 \uac80\uc815 (Order Selection Test)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_364cbee36ebf278c-31\">\uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 &#8220;\ub208\ub300\uc911&#8221; \ub9d0\uace0 \uc9c4\uc9dc\ub85c \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\uc778\uc9c0 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc744\uae4c\uc694? \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <strong>\uc21c\uc11c \uc120\ud0dd \uac80\uc815(Order Selection Test)<\/strong>\uc744 \uc81c\uc548\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udca1 \uac1c\ub150 \uc124\uba85 (\ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd \ub208\ub192\uc774)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 &#8216;\uc885 \ubaa8\uc591(\uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec)&#8217;\uc778\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5b4\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc77c\ub2e8 \uc885 \ubaa8\uc591(Normal)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ub9de\ub294\uc9c0 \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c \uc885 \ubaa8\uc591\uc5d0 &#8216;\ud639&#8217;\uc744 \ud558\ub098 \ubd99\uc5ec\ubcf4\uace0(Hermite polynomial \ucc28\uc218 \ucd94\uac00), \ub354 \uc798 \ub9de\ub294\uc9c0 \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8216;\ud639&#8217;\uc744 \ub450 \uac1c \ubd99\uc5ec\ubcf4\uace0 \ub354 \uc798 \ub9de\ub294\uc9c0 \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub9cc\uc57d &#8216;\ud639&#8217;\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub9e4\ub048\ud55c \uc885 \ubaa8\uc591\uc77c \ub54c\ubcf4\ub2e4, \ud639\uc744 \ubd99\uc600\uc744 \ub54c \uc124\uba85\ub825\uc774 \ud655 \uc88b\uc544\uc9c4\ub2e4\uba74? <strong>&#8220;\uc544, \uc774\uac74 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc885 \ubaa8\uc591\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uad6c\ub098!&#8221;<\/strong>\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uac81\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udee0\ufe0f \ubd84\uc11d \uad6c\ud604 (jamovi &amp; R)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc774 \uace0\uae09 \uac80\uc815\uc744 \uba54\ub274\ub85c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c R\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec <strong>AIC(Akaike Information Criterion)<\/strong>\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc57d\uc2dd \uac80\uc815\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># R \ucf54\ub4dc: \uc815\uaddc\uc131 \uac00\uc815 \uac80\ud1a0 (AIC \ube44\uad50)\n# H0: \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub294 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \ub530\ub978\ub2e4.\nmodel_null &lt;- lmer(Score ~ Time + (1 + Time | ID), data = data_school, REML = FALSE)\n\n# \ube44\uc815\uaddc\uc131\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uc794\ucc28 plot\uacfc Q-Q plot\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\n# \uc2dc\uac01\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 1\ucc28 \uc810\uac80\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\n# 1. \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc \ucd94\ucd9c\nran_eff &lt;- ranef(model_null)$ID\n\n# 2. \uc2dc\uac01\uc801 \ud655\uc778 (Q-Q Plot)\npar(mfrow=c(1,2))\nqqnorm(ran_eff&#91;,1], main = \"Random Intercept Q-Q\"); qqline(ran_eff&#91;,1])\nqqnorm(ran_eff&#91;,2], main = \"Random Slope Q-Q\"); qqline(ran_eff&#91;,2])\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"869\" height=\"468\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG24-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-904\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG24-2.png 869w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG24-2-300x162.png 300w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG24-2-768x414.png 768w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG24-2-624x336.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 869px) 100vw, 869px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> \uc810\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c1\uc120 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc798 \ub193\uc5ec \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uc815\uaddc\uc131 \uac00\uc815\uc744 \ub9cc\uc871\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uc2ec\ud558\uac8c \ud718\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4\uba74, <code>Order Selection Test<\/code> \uac19\uc740 \uace0\uae09 \uae30\ubc95\uc774\ub098 \ube44\ubaa8\uc218\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95(Nonparametric methods)\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uc774\uc0c1\uce58(Outlier)\uc640 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825 \uc788\ub294 \uad00\uce21\uce58 \ud0d0\uc0c9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uc804\uccb4 \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc65c\uace1\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc744\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \ubd84\uc0b0 \uc774\ub3d9 \ubaa8\ud615 (Variance Shift Model)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud2b9\uc815 \ud559\uc0dd\uc774 \uc720\ub09c\ud788 \uc810\uc218\uc758 \ubcc0\ub3d9\ud3ed(\uc624\ucc28 \ubd84\uc0b0)\uc774 \ud074 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c <strong>\ubd84\uc0b0 \uc774\ub3d9(Variance Shift)<\/strong>\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc608: \ucca0\uc218\ub294 \uae30\ubd84\ud30c\ub77c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub0a0\uc740 100\uc810, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub0a0\uc740 0\uc810\uc744 \ubc1b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\ubcf4\ub2e4 <math data-latex=\"\\sigma^2\"><semantics><msup><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\sigma^2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc774 \ud6e8\uc52c \ud07d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ucca0\uc218\ub294 \uc774\uc0c1\uce58(Outlier)\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \ucfe1\uc758 \uac70\ub9ac (Cook&#8217;s Distance)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e8\uc21c \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d\ucc98\ub7fc \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 <strong>\ucfe1\uc758 \uac70\ub9ac<\/strong>\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc601\ud5a5\ub825 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub840(Subject)\ub97c \ucc3e\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ud2b9\uc815 \ud559\uad50\ub098 \ud2b9\uc815 \ud559\uc0dd\uc744 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \ube90\uc744 \ub54c, \ud68c\uadc0\uacc4\uc218(<math data-latex=\"\\beta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uac00 \ud655 \ubc14\ub010\ub2e4\uba74 \uadf8 \ub300\uc0c1\uc740 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud070 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udee0\ufe0f \ubd84\uc11d \uad6c\ud604 (jamovi)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi\uc758 <code>GAMLj<\/code> \ubaa8\ub4c8(\uc124\uce58 \ud544\uc694)\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \ucfe1\uc758 \uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \uc27d\uac8c \uad6c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jamovi:<\/strong> <code>Modules<\/code> > <code>jamovi library<\/code> > <code>GAMLj<\/code> \uc124\uce58.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Linear Models<\/code> > <code>Mixed Model<\/code> \uc120\ud0dd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dependent Variable: <code>Score<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Covariates: <code>Time<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cluster: <code>ID<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Random Effects: <code>Intercept<\/code> + <code>Time<\/code> (\uccb4\ud06c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Options (\ud639\uc740 Plots)<\/strong> \ud0ed\uc5d0\uc11c <code>Cook's Distance<\/code> \uccb4\ud06c (\ubc84\uc804\ubcc4 \uc704\uce58 \uc0c1\uc774, \ubcf4\ud1b5 <code>Assumption Checks<\/code>\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \uace0\uc815 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc758 \uc120\ud615\uc131 \uac80\uc815<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc77d\uae30 \uc2e4\ub825\uc774 &#8216;\uc9c1\uc120&#8217;\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 (<math data-latex=\"E(y) = X\\beta\"><semantics><mrow><mi>E<\/mi><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">(<\/mo><mi>y<\/mi><mo form=\"postfix\" stretchy=\"false\">)<\/mo><mo>=<\/mo><mi>X<\/mi><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">E(y) = X\\beta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>). \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0 \uae09\uaca9\ud788 \ub298\ub2e4\uac00 \uace0\ud559\ub144\uc774 \ub418\uba74 \uc815\uccb4\ub420 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uace1\uc120).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd0d \uc9c4\ub2e8 \ubc29\ubc95<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc794\ucc28 \uadf8\ub9bc:<\/strong> \uc794\ucc28\ub3c4(Residual Plot)\uc5d0\uc11c <math data-latex=\"U\"><semantics><mi>U<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">U<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc790 \ud615\ud0dc\ub098 \ub4a4\uc9d1\ud78c <math data-latex=\"U\"><semantics><mi>U<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">U<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc790 \ud615\ud0dc\uac00 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uba74 \uc120\ud615\uc131 \uc704\ubc30\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ud574\uacb0\ucc45:<\/strong> <code>Time<\/code>\uc758 \uc81c\uacf1\ud56d(<math data-latex=\"Time^2\"><semantics><mrow><mi>T<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><mi>m<\/mi><msup><mi>e<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Time^2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc744 \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc2a4\ud50c\ub77c\uc778(Spline) \ud68c\uadc0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \uacb0\ub860 \ubc0f \uc694\uc57d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ub9c8\uce5c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ub2e4\uc74c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ub358\uc838\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uac1c\ubcc4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud588\ub294\uac00?<\/strong> (Trellis Plot)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc794\ucc28\ub294 \ubb34\uc791\uc704\ub85c \ubd84\ud3ec\ud558\ub294\uac00?<\/strong> (Conditional Residuals Plot)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub294 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4\uac00?<\/strong> (\ub2e8, Q-Q plot\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4 \uc778\uc9c0)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc804\uccb4 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ub4a4\ud754\ub4dc\ub294 \uc774\uc0c1\ud55c \ud559\uc0dd(Outlier)\uc740 \uc5c6\ub294\uac00?<\/strong> (Cook&#8217;s Distance)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uba74, \uc544\ubb34\ub9ac \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc218\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uacc4\uc0b0\ub41c \uacb0\uacfc\ub77c\ub3c4 &#8220;\ubaa8\ub798 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc740 \uc9d1&#8221;\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298 \ubc30\uc6b4 \uc9c4\ub2e8 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub4e4\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ud2bc\ud2bc\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4dc\uc2dc\uae30 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc (APA Style)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aerts, M., Claeskens, G., &amp; Hart, J. D. (1999). Testing the fit of a parametric function. <em>Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94<\/em>, 869-879. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Claeskens, G. (2015). Lack of fit, graphics, and multilevel model diagnostics. In <em>The SAGE Handbook of Multilevel Modeling<\/em> (pp. 425-443). SAGE Publications.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Demidenko, E., &amp; Stukel, T. A. (2005). Influence analysis for linear mixed-effects models. <em>Statistics in Medicine, 24<\/em>, 893-909. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>McCulloch, C. E., &amp; Neuhaus, J. M. (2011). Misspecifying the shape of a random effects distribution: Why getting it wrong may not matter. <em>Statistical Science, 26<\/em>, 388-402. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verbeke, G., &amp; Molenberghs, G. (2013). The gradient function as an exploratory goodness-of-fit assessment of the random effects distribution in mixed models. <em>Biostatistics<\/em>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc624\ub298\uc740 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Model)\uc758 \uac00\uc815 \uc704\ubc30 \uc9c4\ub2e8, \uadf8\ub798\ud53d \ubd84\uc11d, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc801\ud569\ub3c4 \ud3c9\uac00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 \uc9c4\ub2e8: \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubc18 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc131\uc7a5 \uace1\uc120, <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=901\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[399],"tags":[145,199,519,520,400,521],"class_list":["post-901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-multilevel","tag-jamovi","tag-r","tag-519","tag-520","tag-400","tag-521"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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