{"id":906,"date":"2026-02-19T22:20:07","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T13:20:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=906"},"modified":"2026-02-19T22:20:08","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T13:20:08","slug":"chap25-%ec%9d%b4%ed%95%ad-%eb%82%b4%ec%83%9d-%eb%b3%80%ec%88%98binary-endogenous-regressors%ea%b0%80-%ec%a1%b4%ec%9e%ac%ed%95%98%eb%8a%94-%ec%83%81%ed%99%a9%ec%97%90%ec%84%9c-gee%ec%9d%bc%eb%b0%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=906","title":{"rendered":"Chap25. \uc774\ud56d \ub0b4\uc0dd \ubcc0\uc218(Binary Endogenous Regressors)\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c GEE(\uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \ucd94\uc815 \ubc29\uc815\uc2dd)\uac00 \uac15\uac74\ud55c(Robust) \ub300\uc548\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 \ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d \uc2dc \uc774\ud56d \ub0b4\uc0dd \ubcc0\uc218(Binary Endogenous Regressors)\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c GEE(\uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \ucd94\uc815 \ubc29\uc815\uc2dd)\uc640 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(MLM)\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uac15\uac74\ud55c(Robust) \ub300\uc548\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uad70\uc9d1\ud654\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc811\uadfc\ubc95: GEE vs MLM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_ef5b8b55c8050efe-29\">\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \ubcf4\ud1b5 &#8216;\uad70\uc9d1\ud654(Clustered)&#8217;\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ud55c \ud559\uc0dd\uc744 \ub9e4\uc77c \uad00\ucc30\ud558\ub294 \uc885\ub2e8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \ub9e4\uc77c\uc758 \uce21\uc815\uce58\ub4e4\uc774 &#8216;\ud559\uc0dd&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc0c1\uc704 \uad70\uc9d1 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc911\ucca9(Nested)\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc8e0<sup><\/sup>. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad70\uc9d1 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \ub54c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 (Multilevel Models, MLMs):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \ubaa8\ud615(Conditional models)\uc73c\ub85c, \uac1c\ubcc4 \uc751\ub2f5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucd94\ub860\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uac1c\uc778 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\ucc30\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ubb34\uc120 \ubcc0\uc774(Random variation)\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uba70, \uacf5\ubcc0\ub7c9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud2b9\uc815 \ub300\uc0c1\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcc0\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc989, \uad70\uc9d1 \ub0b4 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uace0\uc720\uc758 \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc(Random effects)\ub97c \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \ucd94\uc815 \ubc29\uc815\uc2dd (Generalized Estimating Equations, GEE):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>GEE\ub294 \uc9d1\ub2e8 \ub0b4 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc131\uac00\uc2e0 \uc874\uc7ac(nuisance)\ub85c \ucde8\uae09\ud558\uace0, \uc751\ub2f5\uc758 \uc8fc\ubcc0 \ud3c9\uade0(Marginal mean)\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub9de\ucda5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774\ub294 \uc804\uccb4 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0\uc801\uc778 \ubcc0\ud654, \uc989 \ubaa8\uc9d1\ub2e8 \ud3c9\uade0 \ubaa8\ud615(Population average model)\uc744 \ucd94\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131(Endogeneity)\uc774\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_ef5b8b55c8050efe-35\">\uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \ub2e8\uc5b4 \uac19\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd\ub3c4 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \uc124\uba85\ud574 \ubcfc\uac8c\uc694. \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131\uc774\ub780 <strong>&#8216;\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc228\uaca8\uc9c4 \uc6d0\uc778(\uc624\ucc28\ud56d)\uacfc \ub0b4\uac00 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc6d0\uc778 \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \uc5bd\ud600 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc&#8217;<\/strong>\ub97c \ub73b\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc27d\uac8c \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4\ubcfc\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc5f0\uad6c \ubaa9\uc801:<\/strong> \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 &#8216;\ub9e4\uc77c\uc758 \ub610\ub798 \uac08\ub4f1(\uc6d0\uc778)&#8217;\uc774 &#8216;\ub9e4\uc77c\uc758 \ud559\uc5c5 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4(\uacb0\uacfc)&#8217;\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc2f6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc228\uaca8\uc9c4 \uc9c4\uc9dc \uc6d0\uc778(\ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131 \ubc1c\uc0dd):<\/strong> \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc774 \ud559\uc0dd\uc740 \uc6d0\ub798 &#8216;\uc608\ubbfc\ud55c \uae30\uc9c8(\uad00\ucc30\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc, <math data-latex=\"u_j\"><semantics><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u_j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)&#8217;\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae30\uc9c8 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uacfc \uac08\ub4f1\ub3c4 \uc790\uc8fc \uacaa\uace0, \ud559\uc5c5 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uc27d\uac8c \ubc1b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_ef5b8b55c8050efe-36\">\ub9cc\uc57d \uc774 &#8216;\uc608\ubbfc\ud55c \uae30\uc9c8&#8217;\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud558\uac8c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub420\uae4c\uc694? \uae30\uc9c8 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub450 &#8216;\ub610\ub798 \uac08\ub4f1&#8217; \ud0d3\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4, <strong>\ub610\ub798 \uac08\ub4f1\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubd80\ud480\ub824\uc11c(\uacfc\ub300\ucd94\uc815) \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4<\/strong>. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc801 \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131(Contemporaneous endogeneity)\uc774 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\ub294 \uc624\ub958(Misspecification)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \ud574\uacb0\ucc45: Mundlak\uacfc Chamberlain\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_ef5b8b55c8050efe-37\">\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 Mundlak(1978)\uacfc Chamberlain(1984)\uc740 \uc544\uc8fc \uae30\ubc1c\ud558\uace0 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uc548\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c <strong>\uad70\uc9d1 \ub0b4 \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0(Cluster averages)\uc744 \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00<\/strong>\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_ef5b8b55c8050efe-38\">\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \uce58\uba74, \ub9e4\uc77c\ub9e4\uc77c\uc758 &#8216;\ub610\ub798 \uac08\ub4f1 \uc5ec\ubd80&#8217;\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uadf8 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 <strong>&#8217;10\uc77c \ub3d9\uc548 \ub610\ub798 \uac08\ub4f1\uc744 \uacaa\uc740 \ud3c9\uade0 \ud69f\uc218&#8217;<\/strong>\ub97c \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \uac19\uc774 \ub123\uc5b4\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc8e0. \uc774 \ud3c9\uade0\uac12\uc774 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub2e4\uba74, \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5 \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (R \ucf54\ub4dc)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_ef5b8b55c8050efe-39\">\uc774\uc81c \ud559\uc0dd 100\uba85\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c 10\uc77c \ub3d9\uc548 \uad00\ucc30\ud55c \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. MSCM(\uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\uc758 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4\uc640 \uc544\ub3d9\uc758 \uc9c8\ubcd1) \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uad50\uc721 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub9de\uac8c \uac01\uc0c9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc624\uae30\nlibrary(lme4)\nlibrary(geepack)\nlibrary(dplyr)\n\nset.seed(2026)\nn_students &lt;- 100\ndays &lt;- 10\n\n# 1. \ud559\uc0dd \uace0\uc720\uc758 \uae30\uc9c8(\ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc) \uc0dd\uc131 - \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131 \uc720\ubc1c\n# \uae30\uc9c8\uc774 \uc608\ubbfc\ud560\uc218\ub85d(u_stress\uac00 \ub192\uc744\uc218\ub85d) \uac08\ub4f1\ub3c4 \uc7a6\uace0 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4\ub3c4 \ub192\uc74c\nu_conflict &lt;- rnorm(n_students, 0, 0.8)\nu_stress &lt;- 0.6 * u_conflict + rnorm(n_students, 0, 0.5) \n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud504\ub808\uc784 \uc0dd\uc131\ndata &lt;- expand.grid(Day = 1:days, StudentID = 1:n_students)\ndata &lt;- data %&gt;%\n  left_join(data.frame(StudentID = 1:n_students, \n                       u_conflict = u_conflict, \n                       u_stress = u_stress), by = \"StudentID\") %&gt;%\n  mutate(\n    # \uc2dc\uac04 \ubd88\ubcc0 \uacf5\ubcc0\ub7c9: \uad50\uc0ac \uacbd\ub825 (0=\uc800\uacbd\ub825, 1=\uace0\uacbd\ub825)\n    TeacherExp = rep(rbinom(n_students, 1, 0.5), each = days),\n    \n    # \uc6d0\uc778 \ubcc0\uc218 (\ub0b4\uc0dd \ubcc0\uc218): \ub9e4\uc77c\uc758 \ub610\ub798 \uac08\ub4f1 (0=\uc5c6\uc74c, 1=\uc788\uc74c)\n    # \uae30\uc9c8(u_conflict)\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc74c\n    Conflict_star = -0.5 + 0.2*TeacherExp + u_conflict + rnorm(n_students*days, 0, 1),\n    Conflict = ifelse(Conflict_star &gt; 0, 1, 0),\n    \n    # \uacb0\uacfc \ubcc0\uc218: \ub9e4\uc77c\uc758 \ud559\uc5c5 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4 (0=\uc5c6\uc74c, 1=\uc788\uc74c)\n    # \ub610\ub798 \uac08\ub4f1\uacfc \uae30\uc9c8(u_stress)\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ubc1b\uc74c\n    Stress_star = -1.0 + 0.8*Conflict - 0.3*TeacherExp + u_stress + rnorm(n_students*days, 0, 1),\n    Stress = ifelse(Stress_star &gt; 0, 1, 0)\n  )\n\n# Mundlak-Chamberlain \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uac1c\uc778\ubcc4 \ud3c9\uade0 \ub610\ub798 \uac08\ub4f1 \uacc4\uc0b0\ndata &lt;- data %&gt;%\n  group_by(StudentID) %&gt;%\n  mutate(Conflict_mean = mean(Conflict)) %&gt;%\n  ungroup()\n\n# \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \ucd5c\uc885 \ub370\uc774\ud130\nhead(data %&gt;% select(StudentID, Day, TeacherExp, Conflict, Conflict_mean, Stress))\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. jamovi \ubc0f R\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \ubaa8\ud615 \ubd84\uc11d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <code>GAMLj<\/code> \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc758 <code>Generalized Mixed Models<\/code>\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc544\uc8fc \uc27d\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. GEE \ubd84\uc11d\uc740 jamovi \ub0b4 <code>Rj Editor<\/code>\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc815\ud655\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_ef5b8b55c8050efe-40\">\uc6d0\ubb38\uc758 \uc2dc\ubbac\ub808\uc774\uc158 \uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud55c \ub2e8\uc21c GEE(Naive IWM)\uc640 \ub2e8\uc21c \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Naive MLM) \ubaa8\ub450 \ub0b4\uc0dd \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ubaa8\uc218\ub97c \uacfc\ub300 \ucd94\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc624\ub958\ub97c \ubc94\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>. \uc774\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \ud655\uc778\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubaa8\ud615 1: \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud55c \ub2e8\uc21c \ubaa8\ud615 (Naive Models)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc810:<\/strong> \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uae30\uc9c8\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544, \ub610\ub798 \uac08\ub4f1\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ubd80\ud480\ub824\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># 1-1. \ub2e8\uc21c GEE \ubaa8\ud615 (Naive IWM)\nnaive_gee &lt;- geeglm(Stress ~ Conflict + TeacherExp, \n                    id = StudentID, \n                    data = data, \n                    family = binomial(link = \"probit\"), \n                    corstr = \"independence\")\nsummary(naive_gee)\n\n# 1-2. \ub2e8\uc21c \ub2e4\uce35 \ubaa8\ud615 (Naive MLM)\n# jamovi GAMLj \uc124\uc815: Dependent(Stress), Factors(Conflict, TeacherExp), Random Effects(1 | StudentID)\nnaive_mlm &lt;- glmer(Stress ~ Conflict + TeacherExp + (1 | StudentID), \n                   data = data, \n                   family = binomial(link = \"probit\"))\nsummary(naive_mlm)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubaa8\ud615 2: \ud3c9\uade0\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ud55c \ubcf4\uc644 \ubaa8\ud615 (Augmented Models &#8211; Mundlak\/Chamberlain)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \uc7a5\uc810:<\/strong> \uad70\uc9d1 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \ubcc0\uc218(<code>Conflict_mean<\/code>)\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131 \ud3b8\ud5a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 GEE\uc640 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc624\ub958\ub97c \uac10\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc218\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># 2-1. \ubcf4\uc644\ub41c GEE \ubaa8\ud615 (Augmented IWM)\naug_gee &lt;- geeglm(Stress ~ Conflict + Conflict_mean + TeacherExp, \n                  id = StudentID, \n                  data = data, \n                  family = binomial(link = \"probit\"), \n                  corstr = \"independence\")\nsummary(aug_gee)\n\n# 2-2. \ubcf4\uc644\ub41c \ub2e4\uce35 \ubaa8\ud615 (Augmented MLM)\n# jamovi GAMLj \uc124\uc815: Covariates\uc5d0 Conflict_mean \ucd94\uac00\naug_mlm &lt;- glmer(Stress ~ Conflict + Conflict_mean + TeacherExp + (1 | StudentID), \n                 data = data, \n                 family = binomial(link = \"probit\"))\nsummary(aug_mlm)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_ef5b8b55c8050efe-43\">\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0\uc11c <code>Conflict_mean<\/code>\uc758 \uacc4\uc218\uac00 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4\uba74, \uc6d0\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc801\ud55c \ub300\ub85c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc801 \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud568\uc744 \ud655\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc694\uc57d \ubc0f \uacb0\ub860<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_ef5b8b55c8050efe-44\">GEE\ub294 \uac00\uc815\uc744 \uc801\uac8c \ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ud615 \uc124\uc815 \uc624\ub958\uc5d0 \ub35c \ucde8\uc57d\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \ubb35\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \uac00\uc815(\uc624\ucc28\ud56d\uacfc \ubcc0\uc218\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131 \ub4f1)\uc744 \uc5b4\uacbc\uc744 \ub54c \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \ud3b8\ud5a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0, GEE\uc640 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(MLM) \ubaa8\ub450 \ud3b8\ud5a5\ub41c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ub458 \uc911 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \ubb34\uc870\uac74 \ub354 \ub0ab\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_ef5b8b55c8050efe-45\">\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \uc885\ub2e8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ucc98\ub7fc \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc774 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc694\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \ub54c\ub294, Mundlak\uacfc Chamberlain\uc774 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc <strong>\uc9d1\ub2e8 \ub0b4 \ud3c9\uade0\uce58(Cluster means)\ub97c \ubaa8\ud615\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud558\uace0 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \uc2b5\uad00<\/strong>\uc744 \ub4e4\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chamberlain, G. (1984). Panel Data. In Z. Griliches &amp; M. D. Intriligator (Eds.), <em>Handbook of Econometrics<\/em> (Vol. 2, pp. 1247-1318). Elsevier.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diggle, P. J., Liang, K.-Y., &amp; Zeger, S. L. (1994). <em>Analysis of Longitudinal Data<\/em>. Clarendon Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lee, Y., &amp; Nelder, J. A. (2004). Conditional and marginal models: Another view. <em>Statistical Science, 19<\/em>(2), 219-228.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mundlak, Y. (1978). On the pooling of time series and cross section data. <em>Econometrica, 46<\/em>(1), 69-85.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zeger, S. L., &amp; Liang, K.-Y. (1986). Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. <em>Biometrics, 42<\/em>(1), 121-130.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc624\ub298\uc740 \ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d \uc2dc \uc774\ud56d \ub0b4\uc0dd \ubcc0\uc218(Binary Endogenous Regressors)\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c GEE(\uc77c\ubc18\ud654 \ucd94\uc815 \ubc29\uc815\uc2dd)\uc640 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(MLM)\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uac15\uac74\ud55c(Robust) \ub300\uc548\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=906\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[399],"tags":[145,199,400,522],"class_list":["post-906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-multilevel","tag-jamovi","tag-r","tag-400","tag-522"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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