{"id":911,"date":"2026-02-21T16:34:46","date_gmt":"2026-02-21T07:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=911"},"modified":"2026-02-21T16:34:47","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T07:34:47","slug":"chap27-%eb%a9%94%ed%83%80%eb%b6%84%ec%84%9dmeta-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=911","title":{"rendered":"Chap27. \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d(Meta-Analysis)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 <strong>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d(Meta-Analysis)<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d\uc774\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc77c\uae4c\uc694?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_cb7fda9c6dc5d779-19\">\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uad50\uc721\uc801 \uc9c8\ubb38, \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 &#8220;\uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc758 \uce6d\ucc2c\uc774 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc218\ud559 \uc131\uc801\uc744 \uc62c\ub824\uc904\uae4c?&#8221;\ub77c\ub294 \uad81\uae08\uc99d\uc774 \uc0dd\uacbc\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 &#8220;\uc5c4\uccad\ub098\uac8c \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4&#8221;\uace0 \ud558\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 &#8220;\ubcc4\ub85c \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4&#8221;\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacbd\ud5d8\uc801 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \ucd95\uc801\ub428\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c, \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uace0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \ubd88\ucda9\ubd84\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ubaa8\uc21c\ub418\ub294\uc9c0 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud30c\uc545\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc5f0\uad6c \uacb0\uacfc\ub4e4\uc744 \uccb4\uacc4\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc885\ud569\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc774 \uc0dd\uacbc\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc5f0\uad6c\ub4e4\uc758 \ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uacb0\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\ub860\uc744 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ub73b\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1976\ub144, Glass\ub294 \uad50\uc721 \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c \uacb0\uacfc\ub4e4\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud558\ub294 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c &#8216;\uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub97c \ucc98\uc74c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774\ud6c4 \uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uad50\uc721\ud559, \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559 \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacfc\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3ed\ub113\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc628 \ucd94\uc815\uce58\ub4e4\uc744 \ubaa8\uc544\uc11c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc694\uc57d\ub41c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucd08\ub4f1\ud559\uc0dd\uc5d0\uac8c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uc790\uba74, \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d\uc740 <strong>&#8220;\uc5ec\ub7ec \uba85\uc758 \uc694\ub9ac\uc0ac\uac00 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ub5a1\ubcf6\uc774 \ub808\uc2dc\ud53c(\uac1c\ubcc4 \uc5f0\uad6c)\ub97c \ub2e4 \ubaa8\uc544\uc11c, \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud3c9\uade0\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ub9db\uc788\ub294 \uad81\uadf9\uc758 \ub5a1\ubcf6\uc774 \ud669\uae08 \ub808\uc2dc\ud53c(\ud1b5\ud569\ub41c \uacb0\uacfc)\ub97c \ucc3e\ub294 \uacfc\uc815&#8221;<\/strong>\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30(Effect Size): \uacfc\uc77c\uc758 \ub9db\uc744 \ud1b5\uc77c\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_cb7fda9c6dc5d779-23\">\uc5f0\uad6c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc131\uc801\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc9c0\uac00 \ub2e4\ub974\uace0 \ub9cc\uc810\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f4 \ub54c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ud569\uce58\ub824\uba74 &#8216;\ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30&#8217;\ub77c\ub294 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc758 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ubcc0\ud658\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30\ub294 \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub4e4\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc694\uc57d\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc218\uce58\uc801 \uc9c0\uc218\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\ub4e4\uc740 \uac01\uc790 \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30\uc758 \ucd94\uc815\uce58\uc640 \uadf8 \ucd94\uc815\uce58\uc758 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\uc131(\ud45c\uc900\uc624\ucc28)\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c &#8220;\uacf5\ud1b5\uc758 \ubbf8\ud130\ubc95(common metric)&#8221;\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uc5ec \uc27d\uac8c \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uace0 \uacb0\ud569\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_cb7fda9c6dc5d779-24\">\uc0ac\ud68c\uacfc\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ud45c\uc900\ud654\ub41c \ud3c9\uade0 \ucc28\uc774 (Standardized Mean Difference, <\/strong><math data-latex=\"d\"><semantics><mi>d<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">d<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong> \ub610\ub294 <\/strong><math data-latex=\"g\"><semantics><mi>g<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">g<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><strong>)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc5f0\uc18d\ud615 \ucc99\ub3c4\ub85c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ucc98\uce58\ub098 \uac1c\uc785\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud560 \ub54c \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ucc98\uce58 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \ud1b5\uc81c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \uc9d1\ub2e8 \ub0b4 \ud45c\uc900\ud3b8\ucc28\ub85c \ub098\ub208 \uac12\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubaa8\uc218 <math data-latex=\"\\delta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\delta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4: <math data-latex=\"\\delta=\\frac{\\mu^{T}-\\mu^{C}}{\\sigma}\"><semantics><mrow><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mo>=<\/mo><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi>\u03bc<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><\/msup><mo>\u2212<\/mo><msup><mi>\u03bc<\/mi><mi>C<\/mi><\/msup><\/mrow><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><\/mfrac><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\delta=\\frac{\\mu^{T}-\\mu^{C}}{\\sigma}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c <math data-latex=\"\\mu^{T}\"><semantics><msup><mi>\u03bc<\/mi><mi>T<\/mi><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\mu^{T}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \ucc98\uce58 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \ubaa8\ud3c9\uade0, <math data-latex=\"\\mu^{C}\"><semantics><msup><mi>\u03bc<\/mi><mi>C<\/mi><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\mu^{C}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \ud1b5\uc81c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \ubaa8\ud3c9\uade0, <math data-latex=\"\\sigma\"><semantics><mi>\u03c3<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\sigma<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \uc9d1\ub2e8 \ub0b4 \ubaa8\ud45c\uc900\ud3b8\ucc28\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub85c\uadf8 \uc624\uc988\ube44 (Log Odds Ratio)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc774\ubd84\ud615 \ucc99\ub3c4(\uc608: \ud569\uaca9\/\ubd88\ud569\uaca9)\ub85c \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc0c1\uad00\uacc4\uc218 (Correlation Coefficient)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub450 \uc5f0\uc18d\ud615 \ubcc0\uc218 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \ub54c \uc4f0\uc774\uba70, \ud53c\uc154\uc758 <math data-latex=\"z\"><semantics><mi>z<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">z<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>-\ubcc0\ud658(Fisher z-transform)\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubd84\uc11d\uc774 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uace4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d (\ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \uc138\uacc4)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_cb7fda9c6dc5d779-31\">\uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 2\uc218\uc900(two-level) \uc704\uacc4\uc801 \ubaa8\ud615(\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615)\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1\uc218\uc900 (\uc5f0\uad6c \ub0b4 \ubaa8\ud615):<\/strong> \uc5f0\uad6c \ub0b4\uc758 \ucd94\uc815 \uc624\ucc28 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2\uc218\uc900 (\uc5f0\uad6c \uac04 \ubaa8\ud615):<\/strong> \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30\uac00 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294\uc9c0(\uc5f0\uad6c \uac04 \ubcc0\uc0b0)\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc218\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uba74 \uc774\ub807\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <math data-latex=\"k\"><semantics><mi>k<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">k<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uac1c\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \ub54c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1\uc218\uc900:<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"T_{i}=\\theta_{i}+\\epsilon_{i}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>T<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">T_{i}=\\theta_{i}+\\epsilon_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c <math data-latex=\"T_{i}\"><semantics><msub><mi>T<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">T_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \uad00\ucc30\ub41c \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30, <math data-latex=\"\\theta_{i}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\theta_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \uc9c4\uc9dc \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30 \ubaa8\uc218, <math data-latex=\"\\epsilon_{i}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\epsilon_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \uc624\ucc28\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2\uc218\uc900:<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"\\theta_{i}=\\beta_{0}+\\eta_{i}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\theta_{i}=\\beta_{0}+\\eta_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c <math data-latex=\"\\beta_{0}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta_{0}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \ud3c9\uade0 \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30(\uace0\uc815 \ud6a8\uacfc)\uc774\uace0, <math data-latex=\"\\eta_{i}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\eta_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\ubcc4 \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc vs \ubb34\uc120\ud6a8\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615 (Fixed effects model):<\/strong> \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uc9c4\uc9dc \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30\uac00 \ub611\uac19\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4(<math data-latex=\"\\tau^2=0\"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\tau^2=0<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubb34\uc120\ud6a8\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615 (Random effects model):<\/strong> \uc5f0\uad6c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc9c4\uc9dc \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30\uac00 \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c <math data-latex=\"\\tau^2\"><semantics><msup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\tau^2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> (\ud0c0\uc6b0 \uc81c\uacf1)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac12\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c \uac04 \ubb34\uc120 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc758 \ubcc0\uc0b0 \uc815\ub3c4\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 &#8216;\uc5f0\uad6c \uac04 \ubd84\uc0b0 \uc131\ubd84&#8217;\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \uc774\uc9c8\uc131(Heterogeneity): \uc5f0\uad6c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uc65c \ub2e4\ub97c\uae4c?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ub4e4\ucb49\ub0a0\ucb49\ud55c\uc9c0\ub97c &#8216;\uc774\uc9c8\uc131&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ubd84\uc0b0 \uc131\ubd84 <math data-latex=\"\\tau^2\"><semantics><msup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\tau^2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc758 \ucd94\uc815\uce58\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c \uac04 \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30 \uc774\uc9c8\uc131\uc758 &#8220;\uc591&#8221;\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uc21c\uc218\ud55c \ucc99\ub3c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774\uc9c8\uc131\uc744 \uac80\uc99d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 <math data-latex=\"Q\"><semantics><mi>Q<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Q<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \ud1b5\uacc4\ub7c9\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 <math data-latex=\"\\tau^2=0\"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>=<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\tau^2=0<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac00\uc124\uc744 \uac80\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc4f0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d <math data-latex=\"Q\"><semantics><mi>Q<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">Q<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \uac12\uc774 \ud06c\uba74 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \ud06c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 <math data-latex=\"\\tau^2\"><semantics><msup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\tau^2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub97c \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc, \ucd94\uc815 \ubd84\uc0b0\uacfc \ube44\uad50\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8 \ud06c\uae30\ub97c \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc9d3\ub294 <math data-latex=\"I^2\"><semantics><msup><mi>I<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">I^2<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math> \uc9c0\uc218\uac00 \ub110\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \uba54\ud0c0 \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d(Meta-Regression): \ub2e4\ub984\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778 \ucc3e\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_cb7fda9c6dc5d779-41\">\ub9cc\uc57d \uc5f0\uad6c\ub4e4\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ub2e4\ub974\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4\uba74(<math data-latex=\"\\tau^2 &gt; 0\"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>\u03c4<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msup><mo>&gt;<\/mo><mn>0<\/mn><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\tau^2 &gt; 0<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>), \uadf8 \uc774\uc720\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c1\uba74\ud558\ub294 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uacfc \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30 \uac04\uc758 \uc5f0\uad00\uc131\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1\ud560 \uac83\uc778\uac00\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, Raudenbush(1984)\ub294 \uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uae30\ub300\uac00 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 IQ\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8ec 19\uac1c\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ub9ac\ubdf0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ud6a8\uacfc\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 &#8216;\uad50\uc0ac\uc640 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc0ac\uc804 \uc811\ucd09 \uae30\uac04(\uc8fc \ub2e8\uc704)&#8217;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uacf5\ubcc0\ub7c9\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uc5ec 2\uc218\uc900 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubaa8\ud615:<\/strong> <math data-latex=\"\\theta_{i}=\\beta_{0}+\\beta_{1}x_{i1}+\\cdot\\cdot\\cdot+\\beta_{p}x_{ip}+\\eta_{i}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>\u03b8<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">\u22c5<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">\u22c5<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">\u22c5<\/mo><mo form=\"prefix\" stretchy=\"false\">+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><\/msub><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>p<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b7<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\theta_{i}=\\beta_{0}+\\beta_{1}x_{i1}+\\cdot\\cdot\\cdot+\\beta_{p}x_{ip}+\\eta_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc, \uad50\uc0ac\uac00 \ud559\uc0dd\uacfc \uc0ac\uc804 \uc811\ucd09\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c\ub294 \uad50\uc0ac \uae30\ub300 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \ub9cc\ud558\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc0ac\uc804 \uc811\ucd09 \uae30\uac04\uc774 \uae38\uc5b4\uc9c8\uc218\ub85d \uadf8 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac10\uc18c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \ud604\uc2e4\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4: \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uc885\uc18d\uc131\uacfc \ucd9c\ud310 \ud3b8\ud5a5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc704\uacc4\uc801 \uc885\uc18d\uc131 \ubaa8\ud615 (Hierarchical Dependence Model):<\/strong> \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uac19\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc654\uac70\ub098 \uac19\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uc5b4 \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uc704\uacc4\uc801 \uc885\uc18d\uc131\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uba70, \uc774\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 3\uc218\uc900 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(3-level hierarchical model)\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ucd9c\ud310 \ud3b8\ud5a5 (Publication Bias):<\/strong> \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub098 \uc784\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ucc3e\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \ucd9c\ud310\ub420 \ud655\ub960\uc774 \ub354 \ub192\ub2e4\ub294 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub418\uba74 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubcf4\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ubd80\ud480\ub824\uc838 \ubcf4\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c(\uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc2e4\uc81c \uac12\uc758 200% \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \ucd08\uacfc\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc74c), \uc8fc\uc758 \uae4a\uc740 \ud574\uc11d\uacfc \ubcf4\uc815\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\ud154\ub9c1 \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubc0f \uc2e4\uc2b5 (jamovi &amp; R)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcd6 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac: &#8220;\uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc758 \ud3ed\ud48d \uce6d\ucc2c\uc740 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc218\ud559 \uc790\uc2e0\uac10\uc744 \uc62c\ub824\uc904\uae4c?&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc9c0\ub09c 10\ub144\uac04 \uc9c4\ud589\ub41c 15\uac1c\uc758 \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5 \uc5f0\uad6c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubaa8\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uad50(\uc5f0\uad6c)\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uce6d\ucc2c\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc5c4\uccad\ub0ac\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubbf8\ubbf8\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 <strong>&#8220;\uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uce6d\ucc2c \uc5f0\uc218 \uc774\uc218 \uc2dc\uac04(Training_Hours)&#8221;<\/strong>\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \uba54\ud0c0 \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ub3cc\ub824\ubcf4\uae30\ub85c \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcbb R \ucf54\ub4dc (\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \ubc0f \ubd84\uc11d)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>jamovi\uc758 \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc778 <strong>MAJOR<\/strong>\ub294 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc801\uc73c\ub85c R\uc758 <code>metafor<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798 \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c R\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uba74 \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 \uc124\uce58 \ubc0f \ub85c\ub4dc\n# install.packages(\"metafor\")\nlibrary(metafor)\n\n# 1. \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 (15\uac1c\uc758 \ud559\uad50 \uc5f0\uad6c)\nset.seed(2026)\nk &lt;- 15 # \uc5f0\uad6c \uc218\nStudy_ID &lt;- paste(\"School\", 1:k)\nTraining_Hours &lt;- sample(0:20, k, replace=TRUE) # \uad50\uc0ac \uc5f0\uc218 \uc2dc\uac04(\uacf5\ubcc0\ub7c9)\n\n# \uc9c4\uc9dc \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30(theta) \uc0dd\uc131: \uc5f0\uc218 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uae38\uc218\ub85d \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ucee4\uc9c0\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\uc815\ntrue_effect &lt;- 0.2 + 0.05 * Training_Hours + rnorm(k, 0, 0.1) \n\n# \uc2e4\ud5d8\uad70(\uce6d\ucc2c)\uacfc \ub300\uc870\uad70(\uc77c\ubc18)\uc758 \ud45c\ubcf8\ud06c\uae30 \ubc0f \uc694\uc57d\ud1b5\uacc4\ub7c9 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \uc0dd\uc131\nN_T &lt;- round(runif(k, 30, 100))\nN_C &lt;- round(runif(k, 30, 100))\nMean_T &lt;- rnorm(k, mean = 50 + true_effect * 10, sd = 2)\nMean_C &lt;- rnorm(k, mean = 50, sd = 2)\nSD_T &lt;- runif(k, 8, 12)\nSD_C &lt;- runif(k, 8, 12)\n\n# \ub370\uc774\ud130\ud504\ub808\uc784 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30\ndat &lt;- data.frame(Study_ID, N_T, Mean_T, SD_T, N_C, Mean_C, SD_C, Training_Hours)\n\n# 2. \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30(Standardized Mean Difference, Hedges' g) \uacc4\uc0b0\ndat_es &lt;- escalc(measure=\"SMD\", \n                 n1i=N_T, m1i=Mean_T, sd1i=SD_T, \n                 n2i=N_C, m2i=Mean_C, sd2i=SD_C, \n                 data=dat)\n\n# 3. \ubb34\uc120\ud6a8\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615 \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d (Random Effects Model)\nres_re &lt;- rma(yi, vi, data=dat_es)\nprint(res_re)\n\n# 4. \uba54\ud0c0 \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d (Meta-Regression): \uc5f0\uc218 \uc2dc\uac04(Training_Hours) \ud22c\uc785\nres_reg &lt;- rma(yi, vi, mods = ~ Training_Hours, data=dat_es)\nprint(res_reg)\n\n# 5. Forest Plot \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\nforest(res_re, slab=dat_es$Study_ID, main=\"Forest Plot: Praise Effect on Math\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"467\" height=\"536\" src=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG27-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-912\" srcset=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG27-1.png 467w, http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/FIG27-1-261x300.png 261w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 467px) 100vw, 467px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcca jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c \ub611\uac19\uc774 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubaa8\ub4c8 \uc124\uce58<\/strong>: jamovi \uc6b0\uce21 \uc0c1\ub2e8\uc758 <code>+ \ubaa8\ub4c8(Modules)<\/code> \ud0ed\uc744 \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uace0 <strong>MAJOR<\/strong> (Meta-Analysis for JAMOVI)\ub97c \uc124\uce58\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc785\ub825<\/strong>: \uc704 R \ucf54\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130(\ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30 <code>yi<\/code> \uc640 \ubd84\uc0b0 <code>vi<\/code> \ud639\uc740 \ud3c9\uade0\/\ud45c\uc900\ud3b8\ucc28 \uc6d0\ub370\uc774\ud130)\ub97c jamovi \uc2a4\ud504\ub808\ub4dc\uc2dc\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uba54\uc11d \uc2e4\ud589<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>MAJOR<\/code> -> <code>Meta-Analysis<\/code> \ud074\ub9ad.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>Effect Size<\/code> \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\uace0 (ex. Correlation, SMD \ub4f1), \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc54c\ub9de\uc740 \uce78\uc5d0 \ub123\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uba54\ud0c0 \ud68c\uadc0\ubd84\uc11d<\/strong>\uc744 \uc6d0\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, <code>Moderator(s)<\/code> \uce78\uc5d0 <code>Training_Hours<\/code>\ub97c \ub123\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc635\uc158\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>Forest Plot<\/strong>\uc744 \uccb4\ud06c\ud558\uba74 \uac01 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \ud1b5\ud569\ub41c \ub2e4\uc774\uc544\ubaac\ub4dc(\ud3c9\uade0 \ud6a8\uacfc\ud06c\uae30)\ub97c \uc2dc\uac01\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uacb0\ub860 \ud574\uc11d:<\/strong> jamovi(\ub610\ub294 R) \uacb0\uacfc\ucc3d\uc5d0\uc11c <code>Training_Hours<\/code>\uc758 <math data-latex=\"p\"><semantics><mi>p<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">p<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>-\uac12\uc774 0.05\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc791\uac8c \ub098\uc628\ub2e4\uba74, &#8220;\uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc774 \uce6d\ucc2c \uc5f0\uc218\ub97c \ub9ce\uc774 \ubc1b\uc744\uc218\ub85d \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\ud559 \uc790\uc2e0\uac10 \ud5a5\uc0c1 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uac8c \ucee4\uc9c4\ub2e4&#8221;\ub77c\uace0 \uacb0\ub860 \ub0b4\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Birge, R. T. (1932). The Calculation of Errors by the Method of Least Squares. <em>Physical Review, 40<\/em>, 207-227. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Borenstein, M. (2009). Effect Sizes for Continuous Data. In H. Cooper, L. V. Hedges, &amp; J. C. Valentine (Eds.), <em>The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-analysis<\/em> (2nd ed., pp. 221-236). Russell Sage Foundation. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cooper, H. M. (2010). <em>Research Synthesis and Meta-analysis: A Step By Step Approach<\/em>. Sage Publications. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, Secondary, and Meta-analysis of Research. <em>Educational Researcher, 5<\/em>, 3-8. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Higgins, J. P. T., &amp; Thompson, S. G. (2002). Quantifying Heterogeneity in a Meta-analysis. <em>Statistics in Medicine, 21<\/em>, 1539-1558. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raudenbush, S. W. (1984). Magnitude of Teacher Expectancy Effects on Pupil IQ as a Function of the Credibility of Expectancy Induction: A Synthesis Of Findings From 18 Experiments. <em>Journal of Educational Psychology, 76<\/em>, 85-97. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raudenbush, S. W., &amp; Bryk, A. S. (2002). <em>Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods<\/em>. Sage. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc624\ub298\uc740 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d(Meta-Analysis)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1. \uba54\ud0c0\ubd84\uc11d\uc774\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc77c\uae4c\uc694? \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uad50\uc721\uc801 \uc9c8\ubb38, \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 &#8220;\uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8\uc758 \uce6d\ucc2c\uc774 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc218\ud559 \uc131\uc801\uc744 <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=911\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[399],"tags":[145,199,400],"class_list":["post-911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-multilevel","tag-jamovi","tag-r","tag-400"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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