{"id":914,"date":"2026-02-23T21:06:20","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T12:06:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=914"},"modified":"2026-02-23T21:06:22","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T12:06:22","slug":"chap28-%eb%8b%a4%ec%b8%b5%eb%aa%a8%ed%98%95multilevel-modeling%ec%9d%84-%ed%99%9c%ec%9a%a9%ed%95%9c-%ec%a0%95%ec%b1%85-%eb%8f%84%ec%9e%85-%eb%b0%8f-%ed%9a%a8%ea%b3%bc-%eb%b6%84%ec%84%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=914","title":{"rendered":"Chap28. \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Modeling)\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uc815\ucc45 \ub3c4\uc785 \ubc0f \ud6a8\uacfc \ubd84\uc11d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 <strong>\ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Modeling)\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uc815\ucc45 \ub3c4\uc785 \ubc0f \ud6a8\uacfc \ubd84\uc11d<\/strong>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \uc65c \ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d(Multilevel Modeling)\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud560\uae4c\uc694?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-47\">\uc815\ucc45 \ubd84\uc11d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \ucc44\ud0dd\ub418\ub294 \uc6d0\uc778\uacfc, \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \uc2e4\ud589\ub41c \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ud0d0\uad6c\ud560 \ub54c, \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub0a8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc5ed\ub3d9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud558\uba70 \ub300\uac1c \uc704\uacc4\uc801(hierarchical) \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uace0 \uc2e4\ud589\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uad70\uc9d1\ud654(Clustering)\uc758 \uc77c\uc0c1\ud654<\/strong>: \uc815\ucc45\uc740 \uc885\uc885 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uac1c\ubcc4 \uc9c4\ub8cc\uc18c\ub098 \ud559\uad50\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc2e4\ud589\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc758 \uc124\uacc4\uc640 \ud589\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uad70\uc9d1\ud654\ub294 \ub110\ub9ac \ud37c\uc9c4 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ubd84\uc0b0\uc758 \ubb34\uc2dc = \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ucd94\ub860<\/strong>: \uc815\ucc45 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \uac00\uc9c0\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc704\uacc4\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc774\ub098 \uc885\ub2e8\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc758 \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uba70, \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ucd94\ub860\uc744 \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud765\ubbf8\ub86d\uac8c\ub3c4 \uad50\uc721\ud559 \ubd84\uc57c\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc131 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uce35 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uc608\uc2dc\ub97c \uc815\uce58\ud559\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \ub0b4\uc7ac\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130(Nested Data): \uad50\uc2e4 \uc548\uc758 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-50\">\uc704\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \uc608\ub85c, 5\ud559\ub144 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc218\ud559 \uc2dc\ud5d8 \uc810\uc218\ub97c \uacb0\uacfc \ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \uac00\uc815\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc740 \uad50\uc2e4\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d\ub418\uace0, \uad50\uc2e4\uc740 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0, \ud559\uad50\ub294 \uad50\uc721\uccad\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d\ub418\uc5b4 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \uac01 \uc218\uc900(Level)\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2f4\uc784 \uad50\uc0ac\ub294 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \uad50\uc218\ubc95\uacfc \uc790\uaca9\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 , \ud559\uad50\ub294 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uc124\uacfc \uaddc\uc728 \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub9cc\uc57d \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \uc774\ub7f0 \uad70\uc9d1\uc131\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc120\ud615 \ubaa8\ud615\uc778 \ucd5c\uc18c\uc81c\uacf1\ubc95(OLS)\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub420\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uc704\uacc4\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \uac19\uc740 \uc0c1\uc704 \uc9d1\ub2e8 \ub0b4 \uad00\uce21\uce58\ub4e4 \uac04\uc5d0 \uc790\uae30\uc0c1\uad00(autocorrelation)\uc744 \uc720\ubc1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uae09\ub0b4\uc0c1\uad00(intraclass correlation)\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\uc900\uc624\ucc28\ub97c \ud558\ud5a5 \ud3b8\ud5a5\ub418\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 t-\uac12\uacfc z-\uac12\uc744 \ub192\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uac00 \uae0d\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\uacfc(\ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud568)\ub97c \uc798\ubabb \ubcf4\uace0\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131, \uc989 &#8216;1\uc885 \uc624\ub958(False Positive)&#8217;\ub97c \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-54\">\uc774\ub97c \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uad50\uc721\uccad(<math data-latex=\"l\"><semantics><mi>l<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">l<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>), \ud559\uad50(<math data-latex=\"k\"><semantics><mi>k<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">k<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>), \uad50\uc2e4(<math data-latex=\"j\"><semantics><mi>j<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">j<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>), \ud559\uc0dd(<math data-latex=\"i\"><semantics><mi>i<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">i<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>) \uc218\uc900\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uc784\uc758\uc808\ud3b8\ubaa8\ud615(Random Intercept Model)\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ud45c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"y_{ijkl}=x_{ijkl}\\beta+u_{l}+\\delta_{kl}+v_{jkl}+\\epsilon_{ijkl}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mrow><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{ijkl}=x_{ijkl}\\beta+u_{l}+\\delta_{kl}+v_{jkl}+\\epsilon_{ijkl}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-55\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c <math data-latex=\"x_{ijkl}\"><semantics><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">x_{ijkl}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc740 \uacf5\ubcc0\ub7c9 \ubca1\ud130\uc774\uace0, <math data-latex=\"\\beta\"><semantics><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \uace0\uc815\uacc4\uc218(fixed coefficients)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc124\uba85\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc740 \uad50\uc721\uccad \uc218\uc900(<math data-latex=\"u_{l}\"><semantics><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u_{l}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>), \ud559\uad50 \uc218\uc900(<math data-latex=\"\\delta_{kl}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mrow><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\delta_{kl}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>), \uad50\uc2e4 \uc218\uc900(<math data-latex=\"v_{jkl}\"><semantics><msub><mi>v<\/mi><mrow><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">v_{jkl}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>), \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\uc900(<math data-latex=\"\\epsilon_{ijkl}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\epsilon_{ijkl}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc758 \ub124 \uac00\uc9c0 \uad6c\uc131 \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \ub098\ub269\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-58\">\ub610\ud55c, \uad50\uc0ac\uac00 \uc11d\uc0ac \ud559\uc704\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\uac00 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \ud559\uad50\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \uae30\uc6b8\uae30\ub9c8\uc800 \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uc784\uc758\uae30\uc6b8\uae30\ubaa8\ud615(Random Slope Model)\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"y_{ijkl}=\\beta_{0}+x_{1jkl}\\beta_{1}+x_{2ijkl}\\beta_{2}+u_{l}+\\delta_{0kl}+x_{1jkl}\\delta_{1kl}+\\nu_{jkl}+\\epsilon_{ijkl}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>0<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mn>2<\/mn><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>2<\/mn><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mrow><mn>0<\/mn><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><msub><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03bd<\/mi><mrow><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>j<\/mi><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{ijkl}=\\beta_{0}+x_{1jkl}\\beta_{1}+x_{2ijkl}\\beta_{2}+u_{l}+\\delta_{0kl}+x_{1jkl}\\delta_{1kl}+\\nu_{jkl}+\\epsilon_{ijkl}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-59\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><math data-latex=\"\\beta_{1}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mn>1<\/mn><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\beta_{1}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc740 \uad50\uc0ac \uc790\uaca9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uace0\uc815\uacc4\uc218\uc774\uba70, <math data-latex=\"\\delta_{1kl}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\delta_{1kl}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc740 \uad50\uc0ac \uc790\uaca9\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc \uc911 \ud559\uad50\ubcc4\ub85c \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uc784\uc758 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub9cc\uc57d <math data-latex=\"\\delta_{1kl}\"><semantics><msub><mi>\u03b4<\/mi><mrow><mn>1<\/mn><mi>k<\/mi><mi>l<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\delta_{1kl}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\uc758 \ubd84\uc0b0\uc774 \ud06c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc11d\uc0ac \ud559\uc704 \ubcf4\uc720\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \ud559\uad50\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ud06c\uac8c \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc77c\uad04\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uaca9 \uc694\uac74 \uc801\uc6a9\uc774 \uc8fc \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud560 \uac83\uc784\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \uc885\ub2e8 \ub370\uc774\ud130(Longitudinal Data) \ubd84\uc11d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-62\">\uc815\ucc45\uc774\ub098 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc740 \uba48\ucdb0\uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad50\uc721 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud574\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc785\ub418\uac70\ub098 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc885\ub2e8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \uc900\ube44\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-63\">\ud328\ub110 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \ud6a1\ub2e8\uba74 \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uc2dc\uac04 \uacbd\uacfc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc88 \uad00\ucc30\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \ud6a1\ub2e8\uba74 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uacfc\uc801 \uba85\uc81c\ub97c \ud3c9\uac00\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\ucc45 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\uc751\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uad00\ucc30\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-64\">\uad6d\uac00(<math data-latex=\"i\"><semantics><mi>i<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">i<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\uc758 \uc5f0\ub3c4(<math data-latex=\"t\"><semantics><mi>t<\/mi><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">t<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>)\ubcc4 \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uc9c1\uc811 \ud22c\uc790(FDI)\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \uc784\uc758\ud6a8\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615(Random Effects Model)\uc758 \uc608\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><math data-latex=\"y_{it}=x_{it}\\beta+u_{i}+\\epsilon_{it}\"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>y<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mo>=<\/mo><msub><mi>x<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><mi>\u03b2<\/mi><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><mo>+<\/mo><msub><mi>\u03f5<\/mi><mrow><mi>i<\/mi><mi>t<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">y_{it}=x_{it}\\beta+u_{i}+\\epsilon_{it}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-65\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c <math data-latex=\"u_{i}\"><semantics><msub><mi>u<\/mi><mi>i<\/mi><\/msub><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">u_{i}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math>\ub294 \uac01 \ub2e8\uc704(\uad6d\uac00 \ub4f1)\uc758 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \uc808\ud3b8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc77c\ubd80 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uacf5\ubcc0\ub7c9\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ub9e4\ub144 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub354 \ub192\uc740 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub2e8\uc704 \uc774\uc9c8\uc131(unit heterogeneity)\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ubaa8\ud615\uacfc\uc758 \uc5f0\uacb0 \ubc0f \uacf5\uac04\uc801 \uc758\uc874\uc131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc815\ucc45 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc1c\uc804\ub41c \uae30\ubc95\uacfc\ub3c4 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc0ac\uac74\uc0ac \ubd84\uc11d(Event History Analysis)<\/strong>: \uc8fc \ub2e8\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad50\uc721 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac78\ub9ac\ub294 &#8216;\uc2dc\uac04&#8217;\uc744 \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218\ub85c \ubcfc \ub54c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uac04 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \uc815\uaddc\ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \uc911\ub3c4\uc808\ub2e8(censoring) \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \uae30\ubc95\uc774 \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacf5\uac04 \ubaa8\ub378\ub9c1(Spatial Modeling)<\/strong>: \ud559\uad50\ub098 \uc9c4\ub8cc\uc18c\ub294 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc0c1\uc758 \uc9c0\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\uce58\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc9c0\ub9ac\uc801 \uc774\uc6c3 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ubd84\ub958\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad00\ucc30\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ubcc0\uc218\ub098 \uacb0\uacfc \ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uc774\uc6c3 \uac04\uc5d0 \ub354 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uacf5\uac04\uc801 \uc790\uae30\uc0c1\uad00\uc744 \ubcf4\uc77c \ub54c, \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \uc790\uae30\ud68c\uadc0(CAR: conditionally autoregressive) \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc9c0\ub9ac\uc801 \uc758\uc874\uc131\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uba74 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4\uc810\uacfc \ub300\uc548<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-70\">\ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d\uc774 \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70, \uc5f0\uad6c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub300\uc548\uc744 \uace0\ubbfc\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc18c\ud45c\ubcf8 \ubb38\uc81c (Micronumerosity)<\/strong>: \uc0c1\uc704 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ub2e8\uc704\uac00 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc801\uc744 \ub54c(\uc608: \ubbf8\uad6d 50\uac1c \uc8fc, \ub77c\ud2f4 \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 20\uac1c\uad6d) \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801 \uac80\uc815\ub825\uc774 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ubaa8\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud558\uace0 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc5f0\ud558\uac8c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 <strong>\ubca0\uc774\uc9c0\uc548(Bayesian) \ubc29\ubc95<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud070 \uc774\uc810\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc784\uc758\ud6a8\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4<\/strong>: \uc784\uc758\ud6a8\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \ub2e8\uc704 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uacf5\ubcc0\ub7c9\uacfc \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc0c1\uc704 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ub2e8\uc704 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ud558\uc704 \uc218\uc900 \uc608\uce21 \ubcc0\uc218\uc640 \uc0c1\uad00\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \ub0b4\uc0dd\uc131 \ud3b8\ud5a5\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615(Fixed Effects Model)<\/strong>: \uc774\ub7f4 \ub54c\ub294 \ub354\ubbf8 \ubcc0\uc218\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e8\uc704 \uc774\uc9c8\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615(LSDV)\uc774 \ub300\uc548\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uace0\uc815\ud6a8\uacfc \ubaa8\ud615\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774\ub098 \uc218\uc900\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcc0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ubcc0\uc218(time-invariant variables)\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ucd94\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc778 \ub2e8\uc810\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0 \ub9de\uac8c \uc2e0\uc911\ud788 \uc120\ud0dd\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-74\"><strong>\uc801\uc6a9 \uc0ac\ub840: \ub300\uae30\uc624\uc5fc\ubc29\uc9c0\ubc95(Clean Air Act) \uc9d1\ud589<\/strong> 2001-2009\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \ubbf8\uad6d 50\uac1c \uc8fc\uc758 \ud658\uacbd \uc815\ucc45 \uc9d1\ud589 \uac74\uc218\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc30\uc6b4 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud1b5\ud569\ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218\uac00 \uac74\uc218(count)\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ud3ec\uc544\uc1a1 \ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \uc801\uc6a9\ud588\uace0, \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ub3d9\uc801 \uad6c\uc870(Lagged variable)\uc640, \uc774\uc6c3 \uc8fc\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac\uc758 \uc720\uc0ac\uc131\uc744 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uacf5\uac04\uc801 \uc870\uac74\ubd80 \uc790\uae30\ud68c\uadc0(CAR) \uc784\uc758\ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ubca0\uc774\uc9c0\uc548 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uacf5\uac04 \ubaa8\ud615\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d: \ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d \uc2e4\uc2b5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc790, \uc774\uc81c \uad50\uc721\uc2ec\ub9ac\ud1b5\uacc4 \uad50\uc218\ub85c\uc11c, \uc9c1\uc811 \uc2e4\uc2b5\uc744 \ud574\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac<\/strong>: \uc5b4\ub290 \uad50\uc721\uccad\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c4\uc785\ud55c &#8216;\ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8&#8217;\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uac80\uc99d\ud558\ub824 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud559\uc0dd(Level 1) 1,000\uba85\uc774 50\uac1c\uc758 \ud559\uad50(Level 2)\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc774\uc804 \uad6d\uc5b4 \uc810\uc218(<code>pre_score<\/code>)\uc640 \uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \uc5f0\uc218 \uc5ec\ubd80(<code>teacher_training<\/code>)\uac00 \ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \ucd5c\uc885 \ub514\uc9c0\ud138 \ub9ac\ud130\ub7ec\uc2dc \uc810\uc218(<code>post_score<\/code>)\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131 \ubc0f \ubd84\uc11d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>R<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \ud544\uc218 \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0 \ub85c\ub4dc\nlibrary(lme4)\nlibrary(lmerTest)\nset.seed(2026)\n\n# 1. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\nn_schools &lt;- 50\nn_students_per_school &lt;- 20\ntotal_students &lt;- n_schools * n_students_per_school\n\n# \ud559\uad50 \uc218\uc900 \ub370\uc774\ud130 (Level 2)\nschool_id &lt;- rep(1:n_schools, each = n_students_per_school)\n# \uad50\uc0ac \uc5f0\uc218 \uc5ec\ubd80 (\ud559\uad50\/\ud559\uae09 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ubd80\uc5ec\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815)\nteacher_training &lt;- rep(rbinom(n_schools, 1, 0.5), each = n_students_per_school)\n# \ud559\uad50\ubcc4 \uc784\uc758\ud6a8\uacfc (\uac01 \ud559\uad50\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ud3c9\uade0\uc801 \uc131\ucde8\ub3c4 \ucc28\uc774)\nschool_effect &lt;- rep(rnorm(n_schools, mean = 0, sd = 5), each = n_students_per_school)\n\n# \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\uc900 \ub370\uc774\ud130 (Level 1)\npre_score &lt;- rnorm(total_students, mean = 50, sd = 10)\nstudent_error &lt;- rnorm(total_students, mean = 0, sd = 8)\n\n# \uc885\uc18d\ubcc0\uc218 \uacc4\uc0b0: \ucd5c\uc885 \uc810\uc218 = \uc808\ud3b8 + \uc774\uc804\uc810\uc218 \ud6a8\uacfc + \uad50\uc0ac\uc5f0\uc218 \ud6a8\uacfc + \ud559\uad50\ud6a8\uacfc + \uc624\ucc28\npost_score &lt;- 20 + (0.6 * pre_score) + (8 * teacher_training) + school_effect + student_error\n\ndf &lt;- data.frame(school_id = as.factor(school_id),\n                 student_id = 1:total_students,\n                 pre_score = pre_score,\n                 teacher_training = as.factor(teacher_training),\n                 post_score = post_score)\n\n# 2. \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615 \ubd84\uc11d (Random Intercept Model)\n# null model (ICC \ud655\uc778\uc6a9)\nmodel_null &lt;- lmer(post_score ~ 1 + (1 | school_id), data = df)\nsummary(model_null)\n\n# full model\nmodel_full &lt;- lmer(post_score ~ pre_score + teacher_training + (1 | school_id), data = df)\nsummary(model_full)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jamovi\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubd84\uc11d \ubc29\ubc95<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_a68846d8f0576be2-75\">\uc5f0\uad6c\uc790 \ubd84\ub4e4\uc774 \ucf54\ub529 \uc5c6\uc774 \ub9c8\uc6b0\uc2a4 \ud074\ub9ad\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 <strong>Jamovi<\/strong> \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c CSV\ub85c \uc800\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec Jamovi\ub85c \ubd88\ub7ec\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc0c1\ub2e8 \uba54\ub274\uc758 <strong>Modules<\/strong>\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>GAMLj<\/strong> (General Analyses for Linear Models) \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc744 \uc124\uce58\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GAMLj<\/strong> -> <strong>Mixed Model<\/strong>\uc744 \ud074\ub9ad\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dependent Variable<\/strong>\uc5d0 <code>post_score<\/code>\ub97c \ub123\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Covariates<\/strong>\uc5d0 <code>pre_score<\/code> (\uc5f0\uc18d\ud615 \ubcc0\uc218)\ub97c, <strong>Factors<\/strong>\uc5d0 <code>teacher_training<\/code> (\ubc94\uc8fc\ud615 \ubcc0\uc218)\uc744 \ub123\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cluster Variables<\/strong>\uc5d0 <code>school_id<\/code>\ub97c \ub123\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Random Effects<\/strong> \ud0ed\uc744 \uc5f4\uace0, <code>school_id<\/code>\ub97c \uc624\ub978\ucabd \ubc15\uc2a4\ub85c \ub118\uaca8 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \uc808\ud3b8(Random Intercept)\uc744 \uc9c0\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\uba74 R\uc758 <code>lmer<\/code> \ud328\ud0a4\uc9c0\uc640 \uc644\ubcbd\ud788 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \ud45c\ub85c \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Allison, P. (2005). <em>Fixed Effects Regression Models for Longitudinal Data Using SAS<\/em>. Cary, NC: SAS Publishing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Banerjee, S., Carlin, B. P., &amp; Gelfand, A. E. (2004). <em>Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data<\/em>. New York: Chapman and Hall.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bryk, A. S., &amp; Raudenbush, S. W. (1987). Application of Hierarchical Linear Models to Assessing Change. <em>Psychological Bulletin<\/em>, 101, 147-158.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cameron, A. C., &amp; Trivedi, P. K. (2005). <em>Microeconometrics<\/em>. New York: Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flay, B. R. et al. (1995). The Television, School And Family Smoking Prevention And Cessation Project: VIII Student Outcomes And Mediating Variables. <em>Preventive Medicine<\/em>, 24, 29-40.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monogan III, J. E. (n.d.). Modeling Policy Adoption and Impact with Multilevel Methods. In <em>The SAGE Handbook of Multilevel Modeling<\/em> (pp. 503-520).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wood, B. D. (1992). Modeling Federal Implementation as a System: The Clean Air Case. <em>American Journal of Political Science<\/em>, 36, 40-67.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc548\ub155\ud558\uc138\uc694! \uc624\ub298\uc740 \ub2e4\uce35\ubaa8\ud615(Multilevel Modeling)\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uc815\ucc45 \ub3c4\uc785 \ubc0f \ud6a8\uacfc \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud559\uad50 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc124\uba85\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc801 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud568\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac16\ucd98 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc11d \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\ub294 jamovi\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub418, jamovi\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc774 \ub418\ub294 R \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0dd\uc131\ubd80\ud130 \ubd84\uc11d, \uc2dc\uac01\ud654\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub4dc\ub9ac\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1. \uc65c \ub2e4\uce35\ubd84\uc11d(Multilevel Modeling)\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud560\uae4c\uc694? \uc815\ucc45 \ubd84\uc11d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc815\ucc45\uc774 <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/waurimal.kr\/?p=914\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[399],"tags":[145,199,400,524],"class_list":["post-914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-multilevel","tag-jamovi","tag-r","tag-400","tag-524"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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